Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

60,000 women in France have received RU 486 and a prostaglandin to induce abortion. In the late 1980's, clinical researchers assessed the safety and effectiveness of 600 mg of oral RU 486 in 2040 French women. 2 days later, health workers either injected 0.25-0.5mg of sulprostone or inserted a 1mg vaginal suppository of gemeprost in 1964 women who had not yet aborted. 96% experienced complete abortions. Physicians needed to conduct either a vacuum aspiration of dilation and curettage on the other 4%. RU 486 was most successful with 0.5mg of sulprostone, but these women also experienced considerable vaginal bleeding and pain. Overall uterine bleeding occurred for 8.9 days. The researchers recommended that adequate medical facilities be accessible to women using this method. Mild side effects were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Efficacy and safety matched those of other early abortion methods. In April 1991, a grand multiparous women who smoked heavily and received RU 486 and a prostaglandin died--the 1st reported RU 486 related death. RU 486 may be able to treat fibroids, endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome, meningioma, hypertension, adrenal cancer, glaucoma, some forms of Cushing's syndrome, and breast cancer. The US Food and Drug Administration forbade the commercial import of RU 486 in 1989, even though it deemed RU 486 safe and effective. FDA considered the antiabortion view of the Bush Administration when making this decision. It made this decision despite the fact that abortion was still legal. RU 486 should be available soon for use as an abortifacient in the UK, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. These countries do not intent providing it to US women, however. Further the manufacturer is not willing to provide it to US researchers because it is afraid of antiabortion repercussions which may jeopardize WHO's approval of RU 486.
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PMID:The RU 486 story: the French experience. 173 8

In a multicentre Phase III trial, 182 patients were randomized to either folinic acid (FA) (200 mg/sqm i.v. x 5 days) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (400 mg/sqm i.v. in 15' x 5 days) every 4 weeks (Arm A), or to 5-FU alone at the same dosage (Arm B). Response rates were 20.6% (Arm A) and 10% (Arm B) with a significant (p = 0.046) advantage for FA + 5-FU. Median time to progression (6 and 6 months) and overall survival (11.5 and 11 months) were similar in the 2 groups of patients, while neither treatment was effective in reducing pain or improving performance status. Univariate analysis showed that no prognostic factors other than treatment influenced response, although survival was affected by the number and site of metastases, performance status, and the presence and degree of pain. Toxicity was acceptable and lower in comparison with other Phase II-III trials, with no significant difference between the 2 arms. However, in individual patients, grade 3-4 side effects (mainly stomatitis and diarrhoea) were observed, particularly in patients receiving FA: this led to interruption of the treatment in 7 cases. The superiority, in terms of objective response, of FA + 5-FU over 5-FU alone would seem to justify a large-scale evaluation of this combination in the adjuvant setting. Further improvements in relation to advanced disease (i.e., modifications to the schedule and/or introduction of other modulators) are warranted.
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PMID:Folinic acid + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus equidose 5-FU in advanced colorectal cancer. Phase III study of 'GISCAD' (Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer). 174 23

The clinical manifestations observed in 102 malaria patients (parasitaemia of over 8,000 Plasmodium falciparum/mm3) hospitalized in 1989 in Brazzaville (Congo) were analyzed after ruling out the cases of pernicious malaria. The clinical picture was fever, stomach upset with headache and musculo-articular pain as in classical cases. In children these manifestations were frequently associated with convulsions. Diarrhoea was not uncommon in young children. Vomiting was frequent in both children and adults. Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were closely related to age. In these subjects, chemoprophylaxis was rare in children, practically non-existent in those aged over 5 years. However, presumptive treatment and self medication was usual regardless of age.
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PMID:[Clinical presentation of non-pernicious malaria attacks in patients hospitalized in Brazzaville (Congo) in 1989]. 176 54

During recent years, numerous new and exotic fruits have become available in Denmark. However, some of these may be potentially hazardous if incorrectly prepared. Some leguminous plants, in particular, contain considerable amounts of toxic lectins. The authors report two persons who developed severe symptoms of poisoning including diarrhoea, vomiting, muscular pain, rhabdomyolysis and toxic myocarditis after consuming raw and insufficiently cooked kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Meticulous instructions about handling should accompany the sale of potentially hazardous vegetables such as these.
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PMID:[Poisoning by kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)]. 177 11

In a randomized, multicenter, double-blind study involving a total of 97 patients, the effectiveness and tolerance of Gelofalk, a new type of antacid combination comprising smectite--a natural alum earth, the specific molecular structure of which permits it to bind aggressive substances particularly well--aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide were investigated in comparison with a commercially available aluminium hydroxide antacid used by patients with gastritis, esophagitis and functional upper abdominal complaints over a treatment period of 4 weeks. The buffering capacity of a daily dose of Gelofalk was 135 mval, in the case of the reference antacid 210 mval. In terms of pain relief, reduction of accompanying symptoms, and endoscopic healing properties, Gelofalk proved very effective. Because of its particular properties, the preparation proved significantly superior to an aluminium hydroxide suspension in the case of most test parameters, in particular pain relief, onset of effect and heartburn. Gelofalk was very well tolerated; constipation or diarrhea occurred in only 2 cases each.
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PMID:[Antacid therapy of upper abdominal symptoms. Double-blind study on the effect and tolerance of 2 antacids in gastritis , esophagitis and functional upper abdominal symptoms]. 178 46

Acalculous cholangitis and cholecystitis may occur in the course of AIDS. The symptoms are always the same: pain in the right upper quadrant, fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhoea, associated with biochemical signs of cholestasis, often without jaundice. Morphological explorations show thickening of the gallbladder wall and dilatation of the extrahepatic bile ducts, sometimes associated with stenosis of the major duodenal papilla and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.
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PMID:[Acalculous cholangitis and cholecystitis in two AIDS patients]. 182 15

Quality of symptoms registration on three different models of nursing records was reviewed to assess whether a more patient oriented nursing record could influence completedness and precision of symptoms registration. A group of nurses set minimum criteria for five symptoms (pain, emesis, diarrhea, fever and constipation), according to the nursing process: description of written registrations of 517 symptoms were assessed. No differences appear to exist among the three different models of records, except for evaluation of the results of the interventions, more reported in the patient oriented nursing records.
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PMID:[The evaluation of the quality of nursing records: a comparison between departments that use the card, the nursing chart and the traditional order. The Nursing Research Group of Monza]. 185 95

Acute abdomen was the presenting manifestation of pseudomembranous colitis in six men who had previously been treated with antibiotics and presented with abdominal distention, pain, fever, and leukocytosis with absent or mild diarrhea. Plain abdominal radiographs revealed megacolon in two, combined small and large bowel dilation in three, with one of them showing volvuluslike pattern, and isolated small bowel ileus in one. Emergency colonoscopy was performed successfully in all patients and revealed pseudomembranes in five and nonspecific colitis in one. All patients had positive latex test results for Clostridium difficile, and two tested positive for cytotoxicity. All patients were treated with IV metronidazole, resulting in resolution of symptoms and abdominal findings. In addition, two patients underwent colonoscopic decompression with improvement. Endoscopically, complete resolution of the pseudomembranes occurred at 4 weeks in all cases. No patient had a recurrence. It is concluded that (a) pseudomembranous colitis may present as abdominal distention mimicking small bowel ileus. Ogilvie's syndrome, volvulus, or ischemia; (b) in such cases, emergency colonoscopy is safe and useful for diagnosis and therapeutic decompression and may obviate the need for surgery; and (c) treatment with IV metronidazole is effective. Colitis due to C. difficile should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in patients previously treated with antibiotics.
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PMID:Acute abdomen as the first presentation of pseudomembranous colitis. 161 51

Forty-four of 50 adult patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma who had received previous chemotherapy were evaluable for response after treatment with DTIC. The therapeutic schedule consisted of DTIC 1.2 g/m2 infused over 20 minutes, and repeated every 3 weeks. There were 1 complete and 7 partial remissions (objective activity 18%, 95% C.I. 7%-29%), with a median duration of 8 weeks (range 5-19), with the complete remission lasting 1 yr. Hematologic toxicity was dose-limiting; W.H.O. greater than or equal to 3 values were observed for WBC in 36%, and for platelets in 26% of patients. The non-hematologic toxicity included nausea and vomiting (90%), a flu-like syndrome (49%), diarrhea (35%), pain in the infused vein (28%) and hypotensive episodes (4%). Intermittent high-dose DTIC is active in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and should be considered for inclusion in combination regimens.
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PMID:High-dose DTIC in advanced soft-tissue sarcomas in the adult. A phase II study of the E.O.R.T.C. Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. 186 27

Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity. 2. Although the clinical efficacy was poor in 1 patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infection and 1 patient with enteritis, the clinical efficacy was excellent or good and the efficacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases. 3. Bacteriologically, all identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. catarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally. 4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, elevation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the beginning and the end of the treatment. From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 19


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