Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Venipuncture for blood collection is postulated to be a stress factor that can increase circulating prolactin (PRL) and therefore produce false results. Seven normal non-pregnant women and 44 gravidae were submitted to venipuncture with a butterfly needle connected to a syringe for vein maintenance. Blood was collected immediately (zero time) and 15 and 30 min after venipuncture. After the last collection, a vein in the contralateral arm was punctured in the non-pregnant women only and a new blood sample was collected. PRL, measured by immunoassay, varied from 7 to 13.2 ng/ml in the non-pregnant women and from 7 to 300 ng/ml in the gravidae. No significant difference in PRL values was detected at any of the collection times. It is concluded that the stress or pain caused by venipuncture is not sufficient to alter plasma PRL levels in normal (non-pregnant) or hyperprolactinemic (gravidae) women.
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PMID:Effect of venipuncture stress on plasma prolactin levels. 286 39

Demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics of 92 patients with low back pain were correlated with prolactin and cortisol levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Somatization and depression scores correlated statistically significantly with the CSF serum ratio of prolactin both in men and in the total group. An increased CSF/serum ratio of cortisol was slightly associated with somatization scores in the total group. Multiple stepwise regression, furthermore, revealed that somatization, anxiety and one of the pain indices contributed to the variance in the CSF prolactin level, which was mostly dependent on the respective serum level. Sex and electromyographic findings (EMG) accounted for 12 and 7%, respectively, of the variance in the afternoon cortisol levels. Women reported more somatization and depression feelings than did men. Most of the data support our earlier assumption that male and female pain patients have different coping mechanisms. In spite of the common underlying endocrine responses to distress in men and women, gender differences in psychological response appear to modify endocrine responses to the experience of low back pain.
Pain 1985 Nov
PMID:Prolactin and cortisol responses to the experience of low back pain. 293 25

Eleven male and 15 female sheep were subjected to electroacupuncture (EA) treatment, using 2 needle loci described in the Chinese veterinary literature as Yao Pang (lumbar region) and San Yang Lu (1 thoracic limb). Noninjurious cutaneous stimuli were applied, using a calibrated pin-prick probe, a clamp, and a contact heat (75 to 95 C) probe. Cutaneous pain thresholds (PT) were quantified in 7 body areas during control (no acupuncture needles and no electrostimulation) and EA experiments, before and after IV injection of naloxone. Using each animal as its own control, each EA experiment was classified as inducing either good or poor anagelsia on the basis of whole-body PT values. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (beta E) and prolactin were quantified in sequential plasma samples collected at 9-minute intervals throughout all experiments. Electroacupuncture at each locus increased (P less than 0.01) PT (ie, caused cutaneous analgesia) in 6 of 7 body areas, and increased (P less than 0.05) plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta E and prolactin. In EA experiments in which good analgesia was induced, plasma beta E was increased more (P less than 0.05) than in EA experiments in which poor analgesia was induced. This difference was more evident for the Yao Pang locus. Generally, plasma prolactin concentrations were increased more with good analgesia than with poor analgesia for the Yao Pang locus. Electroacupuncture stimulation of the San Yang Lu locus was associated with higher plasma beta E concentrations than that associated with the Yao Pang locus. Increases in plasma prolactin concentrations were comparable between loci.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in sheep: measurement of cutaneous pain thresholds and plasma concentrations of prolactin and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity. 293 27

A computerized, retrospective analysis of clinical and pharmacokinetic data relative to 380 cancer patients under medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy has been carried out. A bioavailability:objective- response correlation was found only for mammary cancer patients with visceral metastases and a pain-control effect was observed in advanced cancer patients when MPA plasma levels were higher than 150-200 ng/ml. Discriminant analysis of the known prognostic factors for breast cancer indicates that receptorial status, site of predominant metastases, basal alkaline phosphatase and free interval are good predictors for possible clinical response, while the behavior of prolactin and previous treatments are predictors for non-response. There is no improvement in the efficacy of prediction in combining more than one prognostic factor.
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PMID:MPA at high doses in advanced breast cancer: a statistical evaluation. 294 Nov 72

Acute stress promotes the secretion of prolactin (PRL) and of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone and beta-endorphin, from the pituitary into the systemic circulation. The present study evaluates the influence of recurrent stress upon the biosynthetic activity of cells secreting these hormones in the rat. Chronic, intermittent, electrical foot-shock (3 mA,1 s duration, every 5 s for 30 min, twice daily) over a period of 1, 3 or 7 days caused an increase in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels coding for POMC in the anterior pituitary. Maximally elevated mRNA levels were achieved after 3 days treatment (about 80% in excess of control values) which showed no further change at 7 days. These elevated levels of POMC mRNA were associated with increased levels of immunoreactive (ir)-beta-endorphin in the adenohypophysis following 7 days of stress treatment. In contrast, this treatment did not significantly alter mRNA levels coding for PRL in the anterior pituitary. Similarly, POMC mRNA levels in the intermediate/posterior pituitary were also not significantly altered during exposure to repeated stress. Similar changes in the biosynthesis of the pituitary hormones were seen in rats suffering from chronic arthritic pain for 3 weeks: there was an approximately 80% increase in POMC mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary which was associated with an increase in the levels of ir-beta-endorphin in this lobe and an increase in the plasma levels of ir-beta-endorphin. In contrast, there were no changes in the levels of mRNA coding for PRL in the adenohypophysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Stress-induced alterations in the levels of messenger RNA coding for proopiomelanocortin and prolactin in rat pituitary. 294 92

Various approaches to hormonal treatment of prostate carcinoma are discussed. Eighty-one patients with prostatic carcinoma, eight with stage B, nine with stage C, and 64 with stage D disease, were treated subcutaneously daily for 3 months with the LH-RH agonist D-Trp-6-LH-RH (Decapeptyl) in order to evaluate the incidence of remissions according to WHO recommendations for oncologic trials. The findings were compared to those obtained with other hormonal therapies of prostatic carcinoma according to the statistical method of "expected response rate" as adapted by Lee and Wesley for phase II trials. Treatment with D-Trp-6-LH-RH greatly reduced serum LH and testosterone levels without raising serum prolactin. After 1-2 weeks of therapy, there was relief of subjective symptoms and a reversal of the signs of prostatism as well as a marked decrease in bone pain. At 90 days 52 patients had complete relief of prostatism and 21 had only mild signs and symptoms. Seventy patients were experiencing no bone pain and an additional six had only mild pain. Prostatic size, evaluated by rectal examination and transabdominal ultrasonography, reverted to normal in 26.4% of patients (complete remission) and was reduced by more than 50% in an additional 17.6% (partial remission), the overall rate of complete plus partial regression of prostatic enlargement being 44%. Scans showed a major improvement of bone lesions in 14.8% of cases. This response increased to 37% after more than 6 months of follow-up. Prostatic acid phosphatase levels were decreased by more than 50% in 61% of the patients, but this test appears to be a less valid marker than the lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA). The increase in LASA before treatment and a reduction after treatment can frequently be correlated with the objective volume of the neoplasms. No flare-up of the disease was encountered, and there were no side effects except for impotence. Statistical analyses of results by the method of Lee and Wesley indicated that the incidence of complete and partial regression (CR and PR) observed with D-Trp-6-LH-RH was not significantly different from that recorded in previous studies for another LH-RH analog, Buserelin. However, CR and PR obtained with D-Trp-6-LH-RH (44%) were significantly higher than with subcapsular orchiectomy (22%). Hormonal effects and some other actions of D-Trp-6-LH-RH were compared and contrasted with those produced by castration, estrogens, antiandrogens, and progestogens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II trial with D-Trp-6-LH-RH in prostatic carcinoma: comparison with other hormonal agents. 294 53

Bradykinin (BK) is a nonpeptide, originally discovered in blood; recently BK has been localized in neurons and fibers of the hypothalamus. BK is a vasoactive substance which is involved in pain, inflammation and oedema. The present study demonstrates that BK is also a potent stimulator of prolactin (PRL) release from anterior pituitary cells in vitro. A significant enhancement of the release of PRL is observed at 1 nM BK. The stimulation of PRL release by BK is dose-dependent. This work shows that anterior pituitary cells in culture may serve as a useful model system in which to study the mechanism of action of BK.
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PMID:[Bradykinin stimulates prolactin release in vitro]. 295 Sep 75

The French technique of anaesthesia by electrostimulation described in 1972 by Cara and coworkers, consists of transcranial electrostimulation by means of a high frequency current combined with administration of a neuroleptic drug, a benzodiazepine, a curare and nitrous oxide with oxygen. Fentanyl is also given by some authors. In order to assess the benefit of such electrostimulation, this study compared two randomized groups of ten patients, scheduled for abdominal and pelvic surgery. Both groups received the same drugs (i.e. droperidol, flunitrazepam, pancuronium and nitrous oxide with oxygen), whereas patients in group I were also submitted to electrostimulation. This study describes and discusses the clinical behaviour of patients and the hormonal reactions before, during and after surgery. In both groups, operative conditions were satisfactory. Recovery and onset of spontaneous ventilation were rapid and no patient had an unpleasant recall of the operation itself. However, most of them complained of postoperative pain. Electrostimulation did not reduce the quantity of drugs required during and after surgery. In both groups, circulatory activity was significantly increased. In group I, the arterial pressure and the heart rate were significantly higher than in group II during and after surgery. The hormonal reactions showed that in both groups adrenocorticotrophic hormone, growth hormone and antidiuretic hormone increased during surgery. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentration was higher in group I during the operation. The serum levels of cortisol decreased before surgery in group I and rose in both groups during and after laparotomy; prolactin increased before surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Electro-drug anesthesia. Clinical and hormonal effects of transcranial electrostimulation]. 299 Feb 60

We investigated the psychoneuroendocrine and emotional correlates of the natural stress situation of human labor. State anxiety, subjective pain, plasma ACTH, peripheral plasma beta-lipotropin (Beta-LPH), beta-endorphin (Beta-EP), and met-enkephalin (Met-Enk) were serially evaluated at six predetermined time points before, and after labor in a sample of 14 women with normal pregnancies. State anxiety and subjective pain showed a progressive increase during labor, with a levelling during the final stage. Plasma Beta-EP and ACTH showed a similar progressive increasing from baseline until the end of labor. Beta-LPH showed no significant modification. Met-Enk remained at nearly baseline values throughout labor, with a marked progressive rise in the postpartum stage. The findings of this study seem to confirm the role of plasma Beta-EP as a stress hormone. Possible relationship between pain and anxiety curves and plasma Beta-EP are discussed in light of psychobiological studies on stress, the opioid system and analgesia. Plasma Met-Enk, according to our findings, should probably not be regarded as a stress hormone. Its rise in the postpartum stage might be as one of the psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms maintaining elevated prolactin levels during lactation.
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PMID:ACTH, beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin: peripheral modifications during the stress of human labor. 299 23

A phase I study of whole body hyperthermia (WBH) (52 treatments/12 patients) utilizing a radiant heat device has been completed. This study incorporated a temperature escalation scheme from 39.5 to 41.8 degrees C for up to 150 min. Pain relief or a sense of well being was observed post-WBH in the first three patients entered in this study. We postulated that WBH might result in increases in the opiate peptide beta-endorphin. Therefore we elected to study prospectively the next six patients entered in this study to test the hypothesis that WBH stimulates the neuroendocrine axis. Results are reported which show thermal-induced increases in plasma levels of beta-endorphin as well as prolactin, ACTH and cortisol.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine changes in patients undergoing whole body hyperthermia. 303 72


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