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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In several diseases chronic pain is associated with long-lasting pathophysiological responses which differ strongly from those observed in acute situations. When persisting, acute pain often results in physical and psychological stress which may in turn aggravate the initial pathological state. In the present work we examined the secretory patterns of pituitary hormones related to acute stress (growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-endorphin (beta-END)) in rats during the phase of Freund adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA, a model used for chronic pain studies) when chronic pain is maximum (14 and 21 days, postinoculation (PI)). Using radio-immunoassay hormones were measured in plasma samples taken every 30 min for 7 h in free-moving rats 14 and 21 days after Freund adjuvant or vehicle injection and in control animals. The total amount of GH secretion was higher at 14 and 21 days PI in AIA rats as compared to vehicle-treated and control animals, and the pulsatility of GH secretory pattern was not modified by AIA. PRL and beta-END secretion were not significantly different in arthritic rats as compared to controls. These results show that GH, PRL and beta-END responses induced by acute stress are not observed during the AIA phase when chronic pain is maximum. Thus, in our experimental conditions, beta-END and PRL do not seem to be good plasma markers of chronic pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pain 1992 Apr
PMID:Chronic pain induces a paradoxical increase in growth hormone secretion without affecting other hormones related to acute stress in the rat. 159 79

Cabergoline, a new dopaminergic drug with a long-lasting prolactin inhibitory effect, was investigated at different single oral doses administered to puerperas who wished to inhibit their lactation. The study was prospective, randomized and double blind and included 140 puerperas divided into three groups of 40 women each treated with cabergoline and one group of 20 women who received a placebo. The tested doses were 1.0, 0.75 and 0.5 mg, administered orally within 24 hours after delivery. Prolactin levels were measured immediately before drug administration and then after 6 and 12 hours as well as on days 2, 3, 4, 5 and 14 after delivery. At those times the subjects were examined for milk secretion, breast engorgement, pain and possible side effects. In cases of symptoms requiring treatment, an additional 1 mg of cabergoline was administered. Complete inhibition of lactation up to day 14 was obtained in 90.2% of the women given 1 mg, 62.5% of those given 0.75 mg, 45% of those given 0.5 mg and 20% of those given a placebo. Four subjects experienced mild and transient side effects.
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PMID:Oral cabergoline. Single-dose inhibition of puerperal lactation. 168 3

High-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was given orally to 7 patients with advanced prostatic cancer and severe pain due to bone metastases; 5 patients had stable and 2 had progressive disease. Pain relief was obtained in 6 patients. Two patients who reported complete relief of pain showed suppressed levels of gonadotrophins after MPA treatment. In the other patients, suppression of plasma gonadotrophin levels was observed before treatment. The plasma levels of prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone were not affected by MPA. Only 1 patient showed suppression of plasma adrenocortical trophic hormone. The plasma levels of cortisol and dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate were suppressed in 6 patients, but there was no correlation between the suppression and the occurrence of pain relief. These findings suggest that the mechanism of pain relief by high-dose MPA may be very complicated.
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PMID:Effect of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate on plasma hormone levels and pain relief in patients with advanced prostatic cancer. 169 98

Cardiac pains related to estrogen therapy for prostatic cancer (PC) emerged in 53% of treated patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The pain complaints were associated with impairment of coronary circulation in 48% of cases. This clinical condition is attributed to elevated STH levels and a trend to hypercorticism. In hypertensive PC patients estrogens provoked more frequent and severe headaches which occurred at initial stages of the treatment in 23% and after 1-year administration of hormones in 44% of patients. Hypertensive reactions may be caused by aldosterone and prolactin hyperproduction. Observation of the therapist and endocrinologist can help to prevent complications in IHD patients with PC.
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PMID:[Changes in hormonal homeostasis and development of disorders of the cardiovascular system in patients with prostatic cancer on estrogen therapy]. 172 22

The opioid peptide, beta-endorphin, originates from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) under the influence of corticotropin releasing hormone (CHR). It increases the threshold of pain and has a certain influence on the formation of hypophyseal hormones, especially in stress. It is found that beta-endorphin stimulates the secretion of prolactin, a growth hormone, and vasopressin; it inhibates formation of follicle-stimulating and luteinizating hormones, oxytocin and dopamine, and gonadotropin, a releasing hormone. The process of acetylization decreases its activity. The results of experimental trials revealed that acetylisation in the foetal period was absent. The aim of the study was to define beta-endorphin concentration during normal vaginal labor and Cesarean section. Samples of peripheral blood of patients with spontaneous vaginal labor (n = 15) and of those in whom labor was operatively terminated (Cesarean section) (n = 10), were analysed. Values of this opiate were determined in the umbilical cord of newborn infants, in the amniotic fluid and placental compartment. The obtained results were statistically analysed. In intrapartum beta-endorphins were significantly increased reaching the highest level during expulsion (326 pg/ml); in the placental compartment these values were higher (in retroplacental blood 514 pg/ml) reaching the highest value of 917 pg/ml, p less than 0.01 in the placenta. In Cesarean section beta-endorphin values in the peripheral blood showed no significant differences during spontaneous vaginal labor. However, increased values of this natural opiate were observed six hours after surgery. Beta-endorphin concentrations in the placental compartment and the placenta during normal vaginal labor were significantly higher in comparison with labor by Cesarean section (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The opioid peptide, beta-endorphin, in spontaneous vaginal delivery and cesarean section]. 180 97

Uterine adenomyosis is a benign lesion but a serious disease for women, because the symptoms are characterized by abnormal bleeding, pain, cramps, and sterility. Thus elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the development of the disease would contribute to improved management and treatment and prophylaxis of this lesion. A mouse model, in which ectopic pituitary isografting is associated with an increase in the plasma level of prolactin, is useful for a rapid and frequent induction of uterine adenomyosis and can be used to study the origin of this lesion.
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PMID:Animal model of uterine adenomyosis: is prolactin a potent inducer of adenomyosis in mice? 185 4

This study examined prospectively the effects of different anaesthetic techniques on the plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), aldosterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (17-DHEA), insulin, prolactin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine as well as the effects on the plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. Forty patients for trauma surgery were randomly allocated to one of the following anaesthetic techniques: halothane-N2O/O2-anaesthesia, isoflurane-N2O/O2-anaesthesia, midazolam-fentanyl-N2O/O2-anaesthesia, midazolam-ketamine-N2O/O2-anaesthesia or tramadol-N2O/O2-anaesthesia. The results of this endocrinological study demonstrate differences in the quality of the anaesthetic techniques used even without extreme stress situations for the patient. The elimination of pain can reduce, but not avoid, endocrinologic response to stress. Endocrine values are influenced by a lot of different control mechanisms. It is not always possible to distinguish between pharmacologic and indirect or direct effects of anaesthesia or surgery. For this reason, single plasma hormone levels should not be overvalued and equated with "stress" indicators, which is a much more complicated issue.
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PMID:[Stress and the endocrine system. A contribution to the value of endocrine parameters in anesthesia and surgery]. 188 22

In a randomised parallel-block trial in thirteen European centres bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice a day was compared with placebo therapy for cyclical mastalgia. 272 patients were enrolled into the study. Linear analogue charts and diary pain cards were used for assessment of response. Reduction in breast pain, heaviness, tenderness, and serum prolactin after 3 and 6 months' therapy were significantly greater with bromocriptine than with placebo. Improvement in symptoms with bromocriptine was maintained for at least 6 months after therapy. Overall 29% of patients dropped out while on therapy, more from the bromocriptine than from the placebo group. Adverse effects, especially nausea and dizziness, were commoner among the bromocriptine-treated patients, but blood pressure was unaffected.
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PMID:European multicentre trial of bromocriptine in cyclical mastalgia. 196 67

Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, prolactin and blood glucose levels were measured to evaluate postoperative pain relief either with epidural morphine or systemic analgesics in 16 patients who underwent gastrectomy. Continuous epidural morphine with a pump (CADD-PCA, Model 5200P, Pharmacia) was given to eight (epidural morphine group) patients. A bolus of epidural morphine was administered through an indwelling thoracic (Th8.9) catheter at 3 hrs prior to the expected end of surgery, which was followed with continuous epidural infusion of morphine at a rate of 0.167-0.042 mg.hr-1 with the pump during and after anesthesia and surgery with gradually decreasing dose until the third postoperative day. The remaining eight patients (systemic analgesics group) repeatedly received intravenous or intramuscular pentazocine and buprenorphine when needed. Plasma GH levels increased significantly only on the first postoperative day in both groups. Plasma insulin levels increased significantly on the first postoperative day in both groups. Blood glucose levels increased significantly at the end of surgery and during the following three postoperative days in both groups. There are no statistical differences in plasma GH, insulin and blood glucose levels between the two groups. Plasma prolactin concentrations increased significantly at the end of surgery and they were significantly higher in the systemic analgesic group than in the epidural morphine group. They, however, returned to the previous day's levels on the first postoperative day in both groups. Our study suggests that continuous epidural infusion of morphine has no suppressing effect on postoperative changes in plasma GH, insulin, prolactin and blood glucose levels as compared with systemic analgesic regimen.
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PMID:[Effect of continuous epidural infusion of morphine on postoperative glucose metabolism]. 209 89

A double-blind crossover study giving 20 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone acetate during the luteal phase was carried out in 26 women with cyclical mastalgia. Symptomatic response to this progestogen supplementation or placebo was assessed objectively by clinical examination and subjectively by linear analogue scales and breast pain charts. No significant relief of pain or tenderness was found on placebo or active treatment, irrespective of treatment order, and breast nodularity was similarly unaltered. No evidence of progesterone deficiency or prolactin abnormality was found. Side-effects were incurred in 11 patients (five on placebo, five on active treatment and one while on both) and were mostly vague premenstrual symptoms. We conclude that the therapeutic response of medroxyprogesterone acetate in cyclical mastalgia is no better than placebo and that progestogen supplementation can no longer be recommended for routine use in the management of breast pain.
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PMID:A randomised controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate in mastalgia. 214 65


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