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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (bromocriptine) in a dosage of 2-5 mg twice daily caused a rapid fall in plasma prolactin. It was more effective than either a single dose of 4 mg quinoestrol or a placebo in suppressing puerperal lactation, as judged by milk flow and the relief of breast pain and congestion. Patients who received quinoestrol were more comfortable than those who received placebo.
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PMID:Controlled trial of bromocriptine, quinoestrol, and placebo in suppression of puerperal lactation. 5 30

Evidence that schizophrenia may be a prostaglandin deficiency disease comes from three main sources: (1) all effective antischizophrenic drugs stimulate prolactin secretion and prolactin is a potent stimulator of prostaglandin synthesis; (2) schizophrenics are resistant to pain and inflammation and are free of rheumatoid arthritis and there is increasing evidence that prostaglandins play important roles in pain, inflammation, and rheumatoid arthritis; (3) high doses of drugs recently shown to be prostaglandin antagonists cause schizophrenia-like syndromes. The hypothesis is not necessarily inconsistent with current transmitter theories of schizophrenia since prostaglandins modify transmitter secretion and action. It does indicate radically new approaches to investigation, treatment, and drug design not suggested by the transmitter concepts.
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PMID:Schizophrenia as a prostaglandin deficiency disease. 6 91

The beta-endorphin residue of pituitary beta-lipotropin hormone, which regulates utilization and storage of body fat, is several times more potent than morphine in raising pain tolerance. It also produces habituation and dependency behavior. Recently it was found to be present in amniotic fluid and to be a releaser of prolactin. It now appears that the placenta is a rich source of endorphins. These findings may open a new chapter in understanding molecular determinants of behavior patterns responsible for natural selection and survival of vertebrate species. Clinical application of basic information and new concepts relating endorphins to maternal behavior patterns and neonatal physiology is the purpose of this communication. A brief review of the literature, some data from [3H]opiate-binding assays, observation of maternal performance, and reports of maternity patients' feelings and motivations suggesting that these hormone molecules mediate formation of affectional attitude, appetitive systems, and maternal behavior will be presented.
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PMID:Do endorphin residues of beta lipotropin in hormone reinforce reproductive functions? 22 47

The pharmacokinetics and the hormonal, analgesic, and behavioral effects of several doses of human beta-endorphin were evaluated after intravenous administration to three patients and intracerebroventricular administration to one patient with pain caused by cancer. These effects were compared to the hormonal effects of intravenously administered morphine sulfate in two patients and an enkephalin analog in two baboons. The mean terminal half-life after intravenous administration of 5 or 10 mg of human beta-endorphin to three patients was 37 min; the mean volume of distribution was 178 ml/kg, and the metabolic clearance rate was 3.2 (ml/min)/kg. The half-life of beta-endorphin in cerebrospinal fluid after intracerebroventricular administration was 93 min, and the volume of distribution was 0.74 ml/kg. A rapid rise in plasma prolactin followed both intravenous and intracerebroventricular beta-endorphin. Intravenous administration did not affect plasma growth hormone, but intracerebroventricular administration suppressed plasma growth hormone. No significant change in plasma growth hormone was noted after intravenous administration of morphine to humans, but plasma growth hormone decreased in one baboon after administration of the enkephalin analog. beta-Endorphin-stimulated release of prolactin occurred at doses lower than those required to produce analgesic and other behavioral effects. When both hormonal and analgesic effects were observed (after 7.5 mg were given intracerebroventricularly), the onset of the hormonal response slightly preceded the analgesic and behavioral responses. These studies suggest that the hormonal effects of beta-endorphin are species dependent and are similar to those of morphine. Hormonal and analgesic effects of beta-endorphin appear to result from the activation of opiate receptors that differ in their locations and characteristics.
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PMID:beta-Endorphin: analgesic and hormonal effects in humans. 29 54

The therapeutic value of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine for the suppression of puerperal lactation was studied in 30 normal women; 16 received the drug, 14 were controls. In six women plasma levels of FSH, oestradiol and alpha-lactalbulmin were measured in labour and in the early puerperium. Brom-ergocryptine was found effectively to suppress milk production and alleviate breast pain and congestion, with no side effects and minimum rebound lactation. The inverse relationship between prolactin and FSH levels reported elsewhere in non-pregnant women did not appear to occur in the early postpartum period. Although there was a significant rise in alpha-lactalbumin levels in labour and the puerperium over non-pregnant levels, there was no difference between lactating and non-lactating women.
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PMID:The suppression of puerperal lactation with bromocryptine. 32 30

Bromocriptine and placebo were randomly allocated for three weeks to 52 postpartum patients requiring lactation suppression. Bromocriptine significantly lowered plasma prolactin levels and suppressed breast milk, breast pain and engorgement quicker than placebo. No side-effects were noted and rebound lactation did not occur. Menstruation appeared to re-start sooner when Bromocriptine was given.
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PMID:Inhibition of puerperal lactation. A double blind study of bromocriptine and placebo. 34 35

A double blind crossover trial of the prolactin inhibitor bromocriptine in painful benign breast disease is reported. Twenty-nine women with cyclical mastalgia and 11 with non-cyclical pain were treated with bromocriptine, 5 mg daily, and placebo over six menstrual cycels. Assessment of response to treatment was made by a linear analogue system and clinical examination together with plasma prolactin estimations. Bromocriptine produced a significant improvement in breast symptoms and a significant fall in prolactin levels in the cyclical pain group, but had no effect in the non-cyclical group. These results suggest that bromocriptine offers a new and effective approach in the management of cyclical breast pain.
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PMID:A double blind trial of the prolactin inhibitor bromocriptine in painful benign breast disease. 36 Nov 49

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is still used in Czechoslovakia to inhibit lactation. The use of DES for this purpose was begun in 1933, when it was shown the hormone could inhibit lactation in the rabbit. 20 years ago, double blind studies disproved the effectiveness of DES and other estrogens in stopping lactation. DES (5 mg. 3x daily for 5 days), dienesterol with methyltestosterone (1.25 mg. + 10 mg., 2 tablets 3x the 1st day, 2 tablets 2x the 2nd day, and 1 tablet daily for the next 5 days), and testosterone propionate with DES (intramuscular injections of testosterone at birth and 24 hours later, 5 mg. oral DES 3x daily for 3 days) were not more effective than placebo in stopping lactation. Only intramuscular injections of 360 mg. testosterone and 16 mg. estradiol immediately after birth was more effective than placebo in preventing the pain and engorgement of breasts due to lactation. It has also been demonstrated that 5 mg. DES 3x daily for 5 days had the effect of raising plasma prolactin levels when compared to placebo. Since prolactin is necessary to begin and mantain lactation, DES may actually worsen the condition it is proscribed to ameliorate. Alpha-bromokryptin is an effective pharmacological inhibitor of lactation, but supporting the breasts, preventing nipple stimulation, and the application of analgesics is sufficient to diminish the discomforts due to lactaton within 24-48 hours.
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PMID:[Termination of lactation, diethylstilbestrol and prolactin]. 44

In cases of abortion; stillbirths; or immediate neonatal death, the need to suppress lactation is important. This study compares the value of stilbestrol versus bromocriptine on the suppression of lactation. 26 healthy puerperial women who delivered at the University College Hospital participated in the study. Suppression of lactation was indicated for late midtrimester abortion in 2 patients, stillbirths in 12, immediate neonatal deaths in 10, and voluntary suppression of lactation in 2. Bromocriptine (2.5 mg. b.d. for 12 days) was prescribed for 13 patients while stilbestrol (5 mg. td.s. for 7 days) was given to 13 patients. Serum blood samples were collected from patients for analysis of prolactin level. The double antibody radioimmunoassay technique as described by Midgley was used, and Weinstein et al's screening system assessed the daily effectiveness of treatment. On the 7th day postpartum when the drug's effectiveness was indicated by a % change in mean serum prolactin, a significant statistical difference between the 2 groups ( p 0.001) in favor of bromocriptine was observed (77.62% for bromocriptine and 30.75% for stilbestrol). Stilbestrol was less effective in lactation suppression and 5 patients had poor response to it as manifested by breast engorgement, milk production and pain. The study suggests that bromocriptine can effectively suppress lactation. However, further research should be done to determine significant side effects, particularly effects on clotting factors, hepatic and renal functions.
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PMID:Suppression of lactation comparing stilboestrol and bromocriptine (CB154). 46 44

Termination of early pregnancy, by vaginal administration of prostaglandin analogues, one to three weeks after the first missed menstrual period, has advantages and disadvantages in comparison with vacuum aspiration. Some of these may be reduced if the patient is treated earlier. In the present study the effect and safety of one vaginal administration of 2.5 to 3 mg 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha methyl ester around the expected time of menstruation was evaluated in 16 women exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The overall number of treatment cycles was 35 and pregnancy was confirmed by plasma beta-HCG in eight. The treatment resulted in bleeding in all the pregnant cycles while in the nonpregnant ones it only provoked spotting and bleeding did not begin until the expected time of menstruation. Treatment with 2.5 mg 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha methyl ester resulted in complete abortion in one of three women. If the dose was increased to 3 mg all five treated women aborted. In nonpregnant patients no changes in the levels of estradiol-17 beta or progesterone at any time during the 24-hour observation period were found. Serum cortisol and prolactin but not TSH levels started to increase two hours after the start of treatment and reached a maximum after five hours. The increase coincided with the onset of uterine pain. Ovulatory cycles as judged from basal body temperature occurred in the first menstrual cycle following treatment in all nonpregnant patients. Although possible to use as a "once a month treatment" it seems preferable since the dose is the same, to postpone treatment until menstruation is delayed for a week or more.
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PMID:Treatment with a single vaginal suppository containing 15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester at expected time of menstruation. 47 40


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