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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients' reluctance to report pain and to use analgesics are considered major barriers to pain management. To explore this problem, 270 patients with cancer completed a 27-item self-report questionnaire (BQ) that assessed the extent to which they have concerns about reporting pain and using pain medication. The 8 specific concerns included fear of addiction, beliefs that 'good' patients do not complain about pain, and concern about side effects. Patients also completed a measure of pain severity and pain interference (the BPI). The percentages of patients having concerns assessed by the BQ ranged from 37% to 85%. Those who were older, less educated, or had lower incomes were more likely to have concerns. Higher levels of concern were correlated with higher levels of pain. Based on their reports of pain medications used in the past week and on their reports of pain severity, patients were categorized as under-medicated versus adequately medicated. Those who were under-medicated reported significantly higher levels of concern. The data are discussed in terms of implications for research and practice.
Pain 1993 Mar
PMID:Patient-related barriers to management of cancer pain. 768 57

We describe the development of a Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-C) and demonstrate its reliability and validity. We also report the use of the BPI-C in a three hospital study of cancer pain and its treatment. As with other language versions of the BPI, factor analysis of the BPI-C items results in a two factor solution that satisfies the criteria of reproducibility, interpretability and fit in a confirmatory setting. The first factor consists of the four pain severity scales, while the seven pain interference scales comprised the second factor. The BPI-C proved to be a reliable measure of both the severity and impact of pain in patients with cancer. Coefficient alpha for the pain severity and pain interference items were 0.894 and 0.915, respectively. The sample (N = 147) was gathered at three cancer treatment hospitals in Beijing. The patients from these hospitals reported higher levels of pain severity and pain interference compared with patients in similar studies done at the time (1991-1992) in the United States and France. This was in keeping with the finding that a larger proportion (67%) of the cancer patients in these Beijing hospitals were judged to have inadequate analgesia as assessed by the Pain Management Index (PMI), an estimate of adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for cancer pain management.
Pain 1996 Oct
PMID:The Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-C): its development and use in a study of cancer pain. 951 68

Despite recognition that pain management is an important component in the treatment of Japanese cancer patients, progress in this area has been slowed by the lack of an appropriate measure of pain. In a prospective, single-institution study, a Japanese translation of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-J) was administered to 121 patients to assess the intensity and impact of cancer-related pain. After an analysis of the instrument's reliability and validity, this study tested the utility of the new measure in an analysis of the adequacy of analgesic prescription. Results were compared with predictive models from studies using non-Japanese patient groups. Factor analysis of the BPI items resulted in two factors, pain severity and pain interference, showing consistency with other language versions of the tool. Coefficient alphas of greater than 0.80 for the items comprising these two subscales indicate a reliable self-report pain instrument. After establishing the validity and reliability of the BPI-J, we examined possible predictors of inadequate pain management in these Japanese cancer patients. Similar to studies done in other countries, women patients and those whose pain severity was underestimated by their physician were more likely to be undermanaged for pain. The results of this study support the utility of the Japanese BPI for studies of the epidemiology of cancer pain in Japan, as well as for the assessment of pain treatment outcome in Japanese-speaking patients.
J Pain Symptom Manage 1998 Dec
PMID:A brief cancer pain assessment tool in Japanese: the utility of the Japanese Brief Pain Inventory--BPI-J. 987 61

The status of pain treatment for cancer patients in India is largely undocumented. Although many languages and dialects are spoken throughout the country, millions of persons in North India speak Hindi. This project developed and validated a Hindi version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-H), a short measure of pain and pain interference that has been shown to be relatively free of cultural or linguistic influences. In the validation process, we were able to administer both the Hindi and English versions of the BPI to a sample of bilingual (Hindi and English) patients. The English and Hindi versions of the BPI were very similar in their psychometric properties, supporting the reliability and construct validity of the Hindi version. As with other language versions of the BPI, factor analysis of the BPI-H items results in severity and interference subscales. We followed the validation with an examination of the status of cancer pain management in a major northern Indian cancer center, based on 200 patients with pain who spoke only Hindi. Using a conservative measure of analgesic prescription adequacy (the Pain Management Index), three-fourths of Hindi-speaking cancer patients in this study were inadequately treated by World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The results of this study encourage the development of other forms of the BPI in the many languages of India, and the use of the instrument in studies of the epidemiology and treatment of cancer pain.
J Pain Symptom Manage 1999 Jan
PMID:The assessment of cancer pain in north India: the validation of the Hindi Brief Pain Inventory--BPI-H. 991 63

Assessment of pain in cancer patients is very important to all health care professionals. This paper describes the development of a Taiwanese version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-T) and discusses its psychometric properties in Taiwan. The BPI-T was developed from the original BPI using back-translation and committee review. A total of 534 cytologically or pathologically diagnosed cancer patients in three medical centers in Taiwan were interviewed between July 1992 and October 1997. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability was 0.79 for the pain severity scale and 0.81 for the pain interference scale. The explained variance for the within-scale factor analyses was larger than 60% in both scales. The coefficient alpha for the internal reliability was 0.81 for the severity scale and 0.89 for the interference scale. Confirmatory factor analysis of the BPI-T clearly identified the same two scales (severity and interference scales) in the 299 adult patients (age between 20-64) with high education (education years > 9) or patients at an early stage of disease. However, in the 235 nonadult patients with distant metastasis or low education patients with distant metastasis, the "most severe pain" item loaded more to the interference scale than the severity scale. Convergent validity of the pain severity was demonstrated by significant correlations with stage of disease (National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program [SEER]), performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]), and pain interference. In conclusion, interviewer-administered BPI-T was a reliable instrument for cancer pain severity and its interference in Taiwan. Additionally, it was a valid instrument on adult cancer patients with high education or patients at an early stage of disease.
J Pain Symptom Manage 1999 Nov
PMID:Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory in a Taiwanese population. 1058 54

Numerous instruments have been developed for the measurement of pain with various clinical populations. This study was designed to compare pain measures for research in a sample of postoperative patients. The Brief Pain Inventory--Short Form (BPI-SF) was administered along with the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and two visual analogue scales, one for pain while at rest (VAS-R) and one for pain upon movement (VAS-M), in random order, to 115 hospitalized patients twice following their surgery. An additional 29 patients completed the instruments once. Correlations between the visual analogue scales, BPI-SF, and SF-MPQ ranged from .33 to .76 (p < .01), suggesting that the instruments measure different aspects of pain and that instructions can influence the results. Recommendations for the selection of pain measures in patients experiencing acute pain and for future research are described.
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PMID:Comparison of pain measures in surgical patients. 1071 Aug 58

Pain is a serious secondary problem for many persons with cerebral palsy (CP). Cognitive-behavioral models of pain hypothesize that how patients cope with painful episodes plays an important role in their adjustment to chronic pain. The utility of this model, however, has never been tested in persons with CP-related pain. Fifty adults with CP and chronic pain were interviewed to assess pain experience, the interference of pain on activities (BPI), depressive symptoms (CES-D), and coping strategies used for the pain (CSQ and CPCI). The results indicated that pain-contingent rest and catastrophizing were both significantly associated with pain interference and depressive symptoms even when controlling for pain severity. These findings support a cognitive-behavioral model of chronic pain as it might be applied to persons with CP. The results also support the need for research to determine if, and to what extent, cognitive-behavioral interventions that provide training in specific coping responses reduce depressive symptoms and pain interference in persons with CP.
Pain 2000 Dec 01
PMID:Pain in cerebral palsy: the relation of coping strategies to adjustment. 1106 9

The purpose of this study was to survey young adults about their pain and pain treatments to identify ways to decrease risk for chronic pain. The sample consisted of 89 young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 who had experienced some pain during the past month and who did not have a chronic condition commonly associated with a pain problem. Community dwelling young adults were screened for eligibility and administered the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) during a face-to-face interview. They were asked to describe the intensity of their pain during the past month using the 0 to 10 numeric scales from the BPI-SF. A pilot study supported these methods. Participants reported their worst pain as M = 6.5 (SD = 1.71), their average pain as M = 4.1 (SD = 1.85), and their least pain intensity as M = 1.8 (SD = 1.68). They reported 20 different self-treatments for their pain. Although 56.2% used nonopioid analgesics, 22.5% used no pain treatments. Participants reported 61.3% pain relief from self-treatments. Young women used analgesics more often than young men (64.9% and 40.6%, respectively, Chi;(2) [1] = 4.91, p <.03). Pain moderately interfered with their mood (M = 4.1; SD = 3.00) and general lives (M = 3.9; SD = 2.42). Identifying young adults at risk for chronic pain provides the first step in educating them about effective ways to prevent chronic pain. Results from this study provide some initial groundwork for educational interventions to prevent chronic pain in young adults.
Pain Manag Nurs 2002 Sep
PMID:Pain problems in young adults and pain reduction strategies. 1219 38

This is a case from a preliminary open trial to assess the efficacy of topically applied lidocaine patches as an alternative to trigger point injections for myofascial pain. We describe one case in this report that had a dramatic response to the lidocaine patch. Her pain relief increased, pain intensity decreased, and functional capacity increased. Her pain intensity and relief was measured by the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF). A quality of life measure was also included in the BPI-SF. While this was a dramatic response to this patient, it is only one case from an open-trial. The response to other patients has varied. The true clinical utility cannot be obtained from this one report, but only after the data have been analyzed from this initial trial. If the data are promising, a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial is planned.
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2002
PMID:Myofascial pain response to topical lidocaine patch therapy: case report. 1465 Apr 53

Cardiovascular diseases cause more disability and economic loss in industrialized nations than any other group of diseases. In previous work [Nurs Res 49 (2000a) 1], most coronary artery bypass graft patients (CABG, N=225 ) reported unrelieved pain and received inadequate analgesics. This study proposed to evaluate a preadmission education intervention to reduce pain and related activity interference after CABG surgery. Patients (N=406) were randomly assigned to (a) standard care or (b) standard care+pain booklet group. Data were examined at the preadmission clinic and across days 1-5 after surgery. Outcomes were pain-related interference (BPI-I), pain (MPQ-SF), analgesics (chart), concerns about taking analgesics (BQ-SF), and satisfaction (American Pain Society-POQ). The impact of sex was explored related to primary and secondary outcomes. The intervention group did not have better overall pain management although they had some reduction in pain-related interference in activities ( t(355)=2.54, P<0.01) and fewer concerns about taking analgesics ( F(1,313)=2.7, P<0.05) on day 5. Despite moderate 24-h pain intensity across 5 days, patients in both groups received inadequate analgesics (i.e. 33% prescribed dose). Women reported more pain and pain-related interference in activities than men. The booklet was rated as helpful, particularly by women. In conclusion, the intervention did not result in a clinically significant improvement in pain management outcomes. In future, an intervention that considers sex-specific needs and also involves educating the health professionals caring for these patients may influence these results.
Pain 2004 May
PMID:Impact of preoperative education on pain outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 1508 28


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