Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vaginal suppositories containing 15(S)15-methyl-PGF2alpha-methyl ester (prostaglandin, PG) were tested for legal abortion of pregnancies (36-60 days after last menstrual period) in 42 women; 4 suppositories each containing 1 or 1.5 mg of PG were given every 3 hours. Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone were measured before and up to 3 weeks after the abortion. Blood loss during, after, and during a menstrual period 2-4 months after the abortion (in 30 women) was determined. Abortion without retention of major products of conception occurred in 93% of the cases. However, 18% of these successful cases had a slow decline in HCG, indicating incomplete expulsion of viable chorionic tissue. Average blood loss was 37 ml during the 1st 24 hours after insertion, with an additional loss of 94 ml in the next 11 days (range, 5-25 days). Heavy blood loss after abortion was significantly related to slow decline in serum HCG. Later menstrual flow was strikingly heavy overall (mean, 74 ml). There was no difference in efficacy or incidence of slow HCG decline between the PG dose of 1 mg and 1.5 mg, but side effects of uterine pain, vomiting, and diarrhea (50% overall, in no case severe) were more marked with the 1.5-mg dose.
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PMID:Early abortion by vaginal prostaglandin suppositories. Blood loss in relation to elimination of serum chorionic gonadotrophin, progesterone and estradiol-17 beta. 63 Aug 88

Cerebral responses in anticipation of painful stimulation and while coping with it were investigated in a "fakir" and 12 male volunteers. Experiment 1 consisted of 3 periods of 40 trials each. During period 1, subjects heart one of two acoustic warning stimuli of 6 sec duration signalling that either an aversive noise or a neutral tone would be presented at S1 offset. During period 2, subjects were asked to use any technique for coping with pain that they had ever found to be successful. During period 3, the neutral S2 was presented simultaneously with a weak electric shock and the aversive noise was presented simultaneously with a strong, painful shock, again under pain copying instructions. EEG activity within the theta band increased in anticipation of aversive events. Theta peak was most prominent in the fakir's EEG. A negative slow potential shift during the S1-82 interval was generally more pronounced in anticipation of the aversive events that the neutral ones, even though no overt motor response was required. Negativity tended to increase across the three periods, opposite to the usually observed diminution. In Experiment 2, all subjects self-administered 21 strong shock-noise presentations. The fakir again showed more theta power and more pronounced EEG negativity after stimulus delivery compared with control subjects. Contrary to the controls, self-administration of shocks evoked a larger skin conductance response in the fakir than warned external application.
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PMID:EEG and slow brain potentials during anticipation and control of painful stimulation. 617 5

The author investigated the efficacity of the treatment of perianal condylomata by means of kriosurgery. As a kriogen he used Nitrogen oxydul by which is achieved a temperature of minus 75 degrees C. 20 patients was treated of minus 75 degrees C. During the postoperative period 2 of them experienced severe pains, 15 had mild pains, whereas 3 patients only were without pains. The pain lasted up to the fifth day following the surgery. In all patients a leakage of the perianal region was present. Three patients showed recidivation of the illness. The author conclude that by kriosurgical treatment condylomata can be treated effectively, especially if they are of the smaller size.
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PMID:[Treatment of perianal condylomata acuminata with cryosurgery]. 709 Jun 96

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) can be administered to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients subcutaneously (SC), intravenously (IV), and intraperitoneally (IP). Subcutaneous rHuEpo is preferred in CAPD patients because of its ease of administration and favorable pharmacokinetics. The longer half-life of SC rHuEpo allows for one or two doses per week. Since SC rHuEpo can cause pain and local irritation at the injection site, the efficacy and safety of intramuscular (IM) rHuEpo were compared to SC rHuEpo in 6 random stable CAPD patients. The protocol in each subject consisted of a single weekly injection of IM rHuEpo for 3-6 months (period 1), crossover to SC rHuEpo for 3-6 months (period 2), and crossover to IM rHuEpo for 3-6 months (period 3). The rHuEpo dose was adjusted by protocol to achieve a target hematocrit of 30%-33%. Pain at the injection site was graded on a scale of 0-3. All patients preferred IM rHuEpo to SC rHuEpo because of less pain at the injection site. One patient tolerated IM rHuEpo for six months (period 1), then left the study after one month of SC rHuEpo because of ecchymoses and pain at the SC injection sites. In all patients, there was no significant difference in the dose of rHuEpo (U/kg/wk) during the three study periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of intramuscular versus subcutaneous erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in CAPD patients. 799 9

Twenty patients were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of meclofenamate sodium in headache and craniofacial pain. There were four observation periods of 15 days each: Period 1 was a wash-out period. In period 2, subjects were randomly assigned to a 15-day regimen of taking two capsules a day of 100mg meclofenamate sodium (group 1) or placebo (group 2). In period 3, group 1 was switched to placebo and group 2 to meclofenamate sodium for the next 15 days. Lastly, the patients took no medication for a further 15 days (period 4). A thermographic record of the craniofacial and neck areas was taken at the end of periods 1 and 4. A record of the pressure threshold and tissue compliance at different sites of the craniofacial, neck and shoulder areas was taken at the end of each period. During the trial, number and duration of painful events were recorded daily by the patients, and the level of pain evaluated on a visual analog scale. Mean data were analyzed for significant difference by ANOVA and paired t-test. During the meclofenamate sodium period, there was a significant decrease of days with painful events compared to the wash-out period in group 1 and compared to the placebo period in group 2. In the majority of patients, the meclofenamate sodium period scored lowest or second-lowest after the follow-up period in mean pain intensity. Data for pressure threshold, although not significant, were indicative of a possible increase during and after intake of meclofenamate sodium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficacy of meclofenamate sodium versus placebo in headache and craniofacial pain. 843 94

Rats with an experimental painful peripheral neuropathy created by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the sciatic nerve (the CCI model) display heat-hyperalgesia on the affected limb. Pain threshold was studied using the paw withdrawal method. Electrophysiological recording from myelinated primary afferent axons revealed spontaneous impulse activity which originated at the site of nerve constriction. Overall 10.1 +/- 1.5% of the fibers sampled had spontaneous activity during the period 2-14 days post injury. The spontaneous activity fell into three patterns: (1) 'tonic' rhythmic pattern, in which the interval between successive spikes in a train was uniform, ranging from 25-50 ms (discharge rate 20-40 Hz); (2) interrupted, bursty or 'on-off' pattern, with variable silent period between high frequency bursts; and (3) 'irregular' ongoing pattern with random inter-spike intervals (5-15 Hz). There was a correlation between the prevalence and pattern of spontaneous activity, and the development of hyperalgesia post-injury. Axons trapped at the injury site including ones with and without spontaneous activity, became hyperexcitable to mechanical stimulation. The location of mechanosensitive spots progressively shifted over the period 2-14 days from the proximal to the distal part of the injury site. The spontaneous discharge of injured primary afferent fibers may contribute to abnormal sensation in these animals.
Pain 1996 Mar
PMID:Abnormal discharge originates at the site of nerve injury in experimental constriction neuropathy (CCI) in the rat. 878 16

In the acute setting, patients with periappendiceal masses generally improve with broad-spectrum antibiotics with or without percutaneous catheter drainage, but whether or not to perform an interval appendectomy remains controversial. We have analyzed our experience over the past decade, comparing results from interval laparoscopic appendectomy (ILA) and interval open appendectomy (IOA). Medical records were reviewed for 56 patients who initially presented with the diagnosis of periappendiceal mass or abscess and who subsequently underwent interval appendectomy. Data were accumulated for both the initial hospitalization and interval appendectomy. Comparisons were made between period 1 (1987 to 1993) and period 2 (1994 to 1997). Follow-up data were obtained via telephone conversations with the patients. Patient characteristics with regard to age, sex, and comorbidities did not differ between the ILA and IOA groups. The number of patients undergoing CAT scan increased from 33% to 55%, whereas the initial hospital stay decreased from 7. 42 to 4.61 days (P<0.001). The percentage of interval appendectomies performed by the laparoscopic method increased from 30% to 85%. The total operating room time did not differ (95 vs. 103 minutes), but the hospital stay was much shorter in the ILA group (0.55 vs. 3.07 days, P<0.001). There were no instances of intra-abdominal or wound infections in either group. In the later time period the mean hospital stay decreased to 0.38 days, with 59% of the operations performed on an outpatient basis. Following ILA, narcotic pain medication was used for an average of 1.3 days and the reported "time to return to full activities" was 2.5 days. ILA is a simple and safe procedure that can usually be performed on an outpatient basis. Given the minimal morbidity of the procedure, we believe that ILA should be considered for most patients who initially present with periappendiceal masses.
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PMID:Interval appendectomy in the laparoscopic era. 1088 61

Attempted suppression of pain-related thoughts was investigated in consecutive referrals for pain management (N = 39). Participants monitored their pain-related thoughts for three 5-min periods. In period 1, all participants were instructed to think about anything. For period 2, participants were instructed to either suppress pain-related thoughts, attend to pain-related thoughts, or to continue to think about anything. In period 3, all participants were again instructed to think about anything. Participants instructed to attend to their pain reported more pain-related thoughts than suppressors and controls in both periods 2 and 3. Suppressors experienced reduced pain-related thoughts during period 2. There was no immediate enhancement or delayed increase.
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PMID:Suppressing and attending to pain-related thoughts in chronic pain patients. 1106 Sep 40

To investigate whether or not NMDA/nitric oxide (NO) pathways in the trigeminal system are involved in the development and/or maintenance of such pathological pain states as the hyperalgesia and allodynia observed after dental surgery, loose-ligation on the left inferior alveolar nerves of rats were performed. The responses to mechanical stimulation were then measured using von Frey filaments. Hypersensitivity to tactile stimulation developed on the ipsilateral side in ligated animals 5 days after surgery and lasted for at least 30 days. In addition, the effects of drugs on these pain states during the period 2-3 weeks following surgery were investigated. As a result, it was observed that tactile hypersensitivity was inhibited by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of both MK-801 hydrogen maleate (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA: 10-100 mg/kg). Still further, NO production and the number of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)-positive neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) was evaluated. As a result of these experiments, it was found that the changes in NO levels evoked by the intravenous infusions of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 10 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) were significantly larger in the loose-ligated rats compared to the sham-operated rats. Moreover, the number of nNOS-positive neurons was found to have increased on the ipsilateral side in layers I/II of the SpVc. These results would suggest that tactile hypersensitivity develops after inferior alveolar nerve injury and that NMDA receptor/NOS/NO production pathways in the SpVc may be involved in the development of such pathophysiological states.
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PMID:Involvement of NMDA-nitric oxide pathways in the development of tactile hypersensitivity evoked by the loose-ligation of inferior alveolar nerves in rats. 1256 Jan 29

This randomized, double-blind study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the topical cream Theraflex-TMJ (NaBob/Rx, San Mateo, CA) in patients with masseter muscle pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Fifty-two subjects (5 males and 47 females) were instructed to apply a cream over the afflicted masseter muscle(s) or over the jaw joint(s) twice daily for two weeks. Theraflex-TMJ cream was used by the experimental group, while a placebo cream was used by the control group. The means of pain ratings were calculated prior to the application of the cream (baseline), after ten days of tx (period 1), and 15 days of tx (period 2) days of treatment and five days after stopping the treatment (follow-up). There was a significant decrease in reported pain levels from baseline in the experimental group for period 1 (p < 0.01), period 2 (p < 0.001), and follow-up (p < 0.01). For the control group, no significant differences were found between the different time periods (p > 0.05). There was evidence of minor side effects such as skin irritation and/or burning on the site of the application in two subjects in the experimental as well as two subjects in the control groups. The data strongly suggest that Theraflex-TMJ topical cream is safe and effective for reducing pain in the masseter muscle and the temporomandibular joint.
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PMID:Use of Theraflex-TMJ topical cream for the treatment of temporomandibular joint and muscle pain. 1513 14


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