Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study determines the analgesic effects of morphine in grouped and isolated rats and mice. Isolated animals developed altered behavioral patterns, including mouse-killing in rats and mutual aggressiveness in mice. The analgesic effect of morphine was tested by tail compression in rats and by the hot plate for mice. Isolated rats developing mouse-killing behavior had a raised pain threshold, while indifferent animals (nonkillers) responded less to morphine. Isolated mice, particularly low aggressors, gave enhanced responses to morphine.
 ...
PMID:Morphine action in grouped and isolated rats and mice. 1 2

The authors of this article, confronted with the frequent and common emergencies associated with the "alcoholic's" behavioral changes-whether he be a symptomatic drinker, an episodic excessive drinker, or a chronic alcoholic-tested an original molecule belonging to the group of alkylsulfone-0-anisamides (triaprid) on twenty patients hospitalized in a general medical service. The results were very encouraging, showing an improvement of numerous symptoms,in patrticular, tremors, diverse pain, and aggressiveness. The authors note that daily doses of 300 to 400 mg of the modification were well tolerated.
 ...
PMID:[An approach to the psychiatric manifestations of alcoholism]. 21 14

The effects of three-day treatment with meclophenoxate (Centrophenoxin) and its components, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and dimethylaminoethanol, on the aggressiveness and pain threshold in mice were investigated. p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid increased the aggressiveness and pain sensitivity. Dimethylaminoethanol, on the contrary, tended to decrease these items of behaviour. The effects of meclophenoxate reflected this reciprocal activity of components, the activity of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid prevailing. The results are taken as the evidence of some slowly developing mechanism in the activity of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, responsible for some of the effects of meclophenoxate. A possible mode of action of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is suggested.
 ...
PMID:Further study on pharmacology of meclophenoxate and it components in mice. 77 15

In abuse dwarfism the behavioral signs include some or all of the following: (1) a history of unusual eating and drinking behavior, reversible on change of domicile, such as eating from a garbage can and drinking from a toilet bowl, stealing food, alleged picky eating and rejecting food at the table, polydipsia and polyphagia, possibly alternating with vomiting and possibly also with self-starvation; (2) a history of such behavioral symptoms as enuresis, encopresis, social apathy or inertia, defiant aggressiveness, sudden tantrums, crying spasms, insomnia, eccentric sleeping and waking schedule, pain agnosia, and self-injury, all occurring only in the growth-retarding environment; (3) retarded motor development, with improvement on removal of the child from the domiclle of abuse; (4) retarded intellectual growht, reversible on change of domicile by as much as 30 to 50 IQ points; and (5) a history of pathologic family relationships, including unusual cruelty and neglect, either somatic or psychic or both.
 ...
PMID:The syndrome of abuse dwarfism (psychosocial dwarfism or reversible hyposomatotropism). 85 51

Lithium has become a widely accepted treatment for manic-depressive psychosis. It is dramatically effective for many cases of mania and is useful in the prevention of manic and depressive episodes. Hyperaggressiveness and hypersexuality are frequent components of manic-depressive illness and abate under the influence of lithium. A brief review is presented of the behavioral and biochemical pharmacology of lithium. This documents the inhibitory role which lithium can play in several examples of animal aggressive behavior including pain-elicited aggression, mouse killing in rats, isolation-induced aggression in mice, p-chlorophenylalanine-induced aggression in rats, and hypothalamically induced aggression in cats. The use of lithium to control human aggressive behavior has resulted in controversial findings. In epileptic conditions, improvement has been reported in interseizure aggressivity, but other reports indicate the possibility of increased seizures. Improvement in aggressive behavior in childhood has occasionally been reported as well as in emotionally unstable character disorders in young female patients. Te was a single blind study and the other a large but uncontrolled study. Both studies reported an improvement in aggressiveness as indicated by fewer recorded reports (tickets) for fighting. The final study reported is a study of 12 male delinquents age 16 to 23. They received lithium or placebo for 4 months inside an institution and then a trial of lithium for 1 to 12 months on an outpatient basis. Analysis of results in terms of the number of aggressive antisocial acts showed fewer serious aggressive episodes when the lithium level was between 0.6 and 1 meq/liter than when it was between 0.0 and 0.6 meq/liter. These results must be viewed with caution and are only suggestive since the study was not double blind.
 ...
PMID:Lithium in the treatment of aggression. 109 Jul 6

A pain syndrome was induced in rats by means of a microinjection of purified tetanus toxin into the posterior horns of gray matter of the lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord. The toxin was used as a means of disturbing inhibitory mechanisms. Investigation showed that a pain syndrome can be reproduced if afferent stimulation from the periphery is blocked (by division of the nerves of the hind limbs or division of the dorsal lumbosacral roots on the side of injection of the toxin). Under these conditions the latent period of onset of the syndrome was lengthened and the degree of its development weakened a little in the initial stages by comparison with animals with intact afferentation. In many animals with blocked afferentation from the hind limb general manifestations (restlessness, aggressiveness, crying, etc.) were accompanied by a localized response in the form of increased licking, biting, or even chewing the tissues of the deafferented limb at the site of projection of the pain (the phantom syndrome). In some animals only the general reaction was observed without localization of the pain (protopathic pain). In all cases the attacks of pain arose paroxysmally. In animals with intact limb innervation the zones of licking were trigger zones of facilitated induction of an attack of pain. Injection of glycine into the affected posterior horns of the spinal cord abolished the pain syndrome during the time of action of the glycine. It is concluded that the pain syndrome is based on the formation of a generator of pathologically intensified excitation, as a result of disturbance of inhibitory processes, in the system of neurons connected with pain sensation. These mechanisms are evidently those principally concerned in the pathogenesis of all pain syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of a pain syndrome of spinal origin (on the concept of the generator mechanism of the pain syndrome). 111 48

In contrast to the Buss aggression paradigm, a situation was employed in which subjects were given an expanded range of response options and were exposed to instigation throughout their response period. It was found that (a) despite these changes pain cues depressed aggressiveness in the present situation as they generally do in the Buss paradigm, but that this effect only occurred where the subjects' aggression was initially ineffective in changing their target's behavior; (b) situational uncertainity, which is minimal in a Buss-type situation, was related to aggressiveness; (c) subjects tended to match rather than attempt to control the responses of the target; and (d) the present paradigm is capable of isolating a personality variable related to overall aggressiveness. These data are discussed in terms of other recent paid cue studies that deviate from the standard Buss situation. Generally, the findings suggest the potential of increasing the range of situations in which aggression is studied.
 ...
PMID:Pain cues and uncertainity as determinants of aggression in a situation involving repeated instigation. 117 86

Recent investigations of SMI occurring during daily life have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. These contributions have directed our attention away from "chest pain" alone and physical exertion as the central provoking factor toward transient myocardial ischemia and its broader triggers and consequences. Transient myocardial ischemic episodes, the majority of which are silent, are found in a subset of patients with any clinical manifestations of CAD (eg, stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death), as well as in those patients with CAD who are and have been totally asymptomatic. These episodes are an independent predictor of increased risk for future cardiac events. Most medical therapy and revascularization therapies have the potential to prevent or relieve these silent episodes; however, we do not yet know which method is superior in reducing SMI episodes or preventing future cardiac events. Furthermore, the benefit of reducing SMI versus the cost and potential morbidity of these chosen therapies is not known. At least three trials are now underway to examine some of these concerns (Table 2). Focus on pain relief alone does not appear to be an adequate approach to alter outcome in patients with CAD and may prove insufficient to control SMI. Until these issues are resolved, we believe a conservative approach to the management of patients with CAD is warranted. Documentation of ischemia (painful or painless) is essential. Three general principles should be kept in mind. First, the presence of detectable ischemia is of central importance. This information should be used in the overall risk assessment of the patient. Second, the level of concern or aggressiveness of treatment should be based on the risk associated with the ischemic abnormalities documented (Table 3). The exercise stress test is the most useful to begin this process. The detection of ischemic-type ST-segment depression, either silent or painful, at a low workload (eg, less than or equal to 120 beats per minute or less than or equal to 6.5 metabolic equivalents [METS]) implies high risk for adverse outcome. Likewise, these ST-segment changes occurring in leads that reflect multiple coronary artery distribution, of greater than 2 mm in magnitude and persisting for greater than 6 minutes, are all markers for high risk. Thallium redistribution defects occurring at low work loads, in multiple areas, associated with increased lung uptake and enlargement of the cardiac pool all imply high risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Treatment strategies for daily life silent myocardial ischemia: a correlation with potential pathogenic mechanisms. 135 7

Thirty polytraumatized patients underwent immediate osteosynthesis of two or more long bone fractures for a total of 82 operations (plus an additional 14 for pelvis, hand, and foot fractures). Since 1983, according to the modern and rational concepts of "all at one time treatment", open fractures as well as associated closed lesions are stabilized immediately if the patient's general condition permits. This type of procedure requires adequate facilities as well as availability of and collaboration between teams of specialists, but it is inarguably advantageous for the patient (relief of pain, drastic reduction in the rate of embolism, improvement of respiratory and circulatory function, only one anesthesia), the surgeons (operation technically easier and shorter), and the ancillary medical personnel (easier nursing, rapid functional rehabilitation). The methods of osteosynthesis should be carefully selected in order to guarantee stability, rapid application, and low aggressiveness. The use of plates and screws is limited, while external fixation is employed frequently. Interlocked intramedullary nailing is adopted with increasing frequency. Review of cases treated by this method shows considerable improvement in terms of healing, functional recovery, and resumption of social and occupational activity.
 ...
PMID:Immediate multiple osteosynthesis in polytrauma. 179 30

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with complaints of intractable abdominal and back pain, and diagnosed to have carcinoma of the pancreatic body. At laparotomy, he was assessed as unresectable because of cancer invasion of the superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta. Therefore two catheters connected to an implantable access device were placed in both the gastroduodenal and splenic arteries, in addition to gastrojejunostomy and chemical splanchnicectomy, followed by postoperative external irradiation therapy. The histological examination of the specimen obtained operatively confirmed that the lesion was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Also the nuclear DNA analysis, carried out cytofluorometrically, showed diploid pattern. After discharge from our hospital, the man was treated by intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in the outpatient department every two weeks. He lived a nearly normal life with satisfactory quality for two years until he died of GI-bleeding. In addition to the fact that the biological aggressiveness of the carcinoma cells assessed by DNA ploidy was relatively low, the combined modality therapy including pain control might benefit patients.
 ...
PMID:[Long-term arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with external irradiation therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer--a case report]. 190 66


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>