Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the effects of burdizzo castration alone or in combination with ketoprofen (K), local anesthesia (LA), or caudal epidural anesthesia (EPI) on plasma cortisol, acute-phase proteins, interferon-gamma production, growth, and behavior of beef cattle, 50 Holstein x Friesian bulls (13 mo old, 307 +/- 5.3 kg) were assigned to (n = 10/treatment): 1) control (handled; C); 2) burdizzo castration (B); 3) B following K (3 mg/ kg of BW i.v.; BK); 4) B following LA (8 mL into each testis and 3 mL s.c. along the line where the jaws of the burdizzo were applied with 2% lidocaine HCl; BLA); and 5) B following EPI (0.05 mg/kg of BW of xylazine HCl and 0.4 mg/kg of BW of lidocaine HCl as caudal epidural; BEPI). The area under the cortisol curve against time was lower (P < 0.05) in BK than in B, BLA, or BEPI animals. On d 1 after treatment, plasma haptoglobin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in B, BLA, and BEPI than in BK animals. On d 3, haptoglobin and plasma fibrinogen concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in all castration groups than in C. On d 7, haptoglobin and fibrinogen concentrations remained higher (P < 0.05) in BLA than in B and C animals. On d 1, concanavalin A-induced interferon-gamma production was lower (P < 0.05) in B, BLA, and BEPI than in C, but there was no difference between BK and C animals. From d -1 to 35, ADG was lower (P < 0.05) in B, BLA, and BEPI animals, but not in BK compared with C animals. Overall, there was a higher (P < 0.05) incidence of combined abnormal postures in B than in C, BK and BEPI animals. Although the use of K and EPI decreased (P < 0.05) these postures compared with B alone or B with LA, there was no difference between the K and EPI treatment. In conclusion, burdizzo castration increased plasma cortisol and acute-phase proteins, and suppressed immune function and growth rates. Local anesthesia prolonged the increase in acute-phase proteins. Ketoprofen was more effective than LA or EPI in decreasing cortisol and partially reversed the reduction in ADG following castration. The use of K or EPI was more effective than LA in decreasing pain-associated behavioral responses observed during the first 6 h after treatment. Systemic analgesia with ketoprofen, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, was more effective in reducing inflammatory responses associated with castration than LA or EPI.
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PMID:Effect of ketoprofen, lidocaine local anesthesia, and combined xylazine and lidocaine caudal epidural anesthesia during castration of beef cattle on stress responses, immunity, growth, and behavior. 1277 56

In orthopaedic surgery, perioperative administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and analgesic consumption. In addition, preoperative administration of ibuprofen has proved to reduce interleukin-6 (IL-6) release, while that of ranitidine reduced postoperative IL-6-induced C-reactive protein synthesis in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. However, it has not been established whether the preoperative administration of both types of drugs may reduced the postoperative inflammatory reaction after instrumented spinal surgery. Accordingly, our objective was to investigate the effects of preoperative treatment with naproxen plus famotidine on the postoperative systemic inflammatory reaction in patients undergoing instrumented lumbar spinal surgery. Forty consecutive patients scheduled for elective instrumented spinal fusion were alternately assigned to receive either naproxen (500 mg/day, p.o.) plus famotidine (40 mg/day, p.o.) for 7 days before operation, or no adjuvant treatment. Haematological parameters, acute phase proteins, complement fractions, immunoglobulins and cytokines were determined 7 days and immediately before surgery, and on days 0, 1, 2 and 7 after surgery. Haematological parameters, clinical data, duration of surgery, blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative complications were similar in the two groups, although pretreated patients showed lower increases in body temperature and required less analgesic medication. Compared with preoperative levels, IL-6 levels were significantly increased postoperatively in all patients with no differences between groups. C-reactive protein, alpha(1)-acid-glycoprotein and haptoglobin levels were also significantly increased postoperatively in all patients; however, they were significantly lower in pretreated patients. In conclusion, perioperative treatment with naproxen plus famotidine was well tolerated and reduced the acute phase response after instrumented spinal surgery. However, further research is needed to determine the best dose and timing of preoperative treatment administration, and to correlate these changes with long-term clinical results.
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PMID:Acute phase response in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery: modulation by perioperative treatment with naproxen and famotidine. 1463 55

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), also known as paroxysmal polyserositis, is an autosomal recessive disease affecting mainly Mediterranean populations (Jews, Armenians, Arabs, Turks). It is characterised by recurrent crises of fever and serosal inflammation, leading to abdominal, thoracic or articular pain. Erysipela-like erythema affecting mainly feet and legs and effort-induced myalgia are less frequently encountered symptoms. The major complication of FMF is the development of renal amyloidosis. Standard laboratory tests of FMF patients are non-informative, except for the high sedimentation rate and white blood cell count, but during and immediately after crises, diminished albumin concentrations and elevated fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, beta2 and alpha2 M globulins, haptoglobin and lipoprotein concentrations are noted. Studies have measured immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in the sera of FMF patients and found elevated levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgD in 23%, 13%, 17% and 13%, respectively. FMF crises are characterised by a massive influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the inflamed regions. Moreover, the peritoneal fluid of FMF patients contains abnormally low levels of the inhibitor of complement fragment C5a and interleukin 8. Failure to suppress inflammatory response to C5a may explain the typical inflammatory FMF crises. The MEFV (for MEditerranean FeVer) gene responsible for the disease has been identified on 16p13.3. It is composed of 10 exons and spans approximately 14 Kb of genomic DNA. More than 35 mutations have so far been identified. The most frequent are M694V, M694I, M680I, V726A and E148Q. The M694V mutation is the most frequent mutation in the various ethnic groups considered, although its frequency varies from group to group. The V726A mutation is observed mainly among Ashkenazi and Iraqi Jews, Druzes and Armenians, and the M680I among Armenians and Turks. M694I and A744S seem specific to Arab populations, and R761H is frequently found in Lebanese FMF patients. The M694V mutation is often correlated with severe phenotypes, mainly in the homozygous state. It has been specifically correlated with arthritis, pleuritis and especially amyloidosis. Patients with other mutations in the 694 and 680 codons can also have severe phenotypes. The V726A mutation, although identified in FMF patients with a relatively mild phenotype, has also been detected in patients with renal amyloidosis. E148Q is often associated with a mild phenotype, and whether it is even a polymorphism has been questioned. The MEFV gene codes for a protein that was respectively called pyrin and marenostrin by the French and international consortia that simultaneously identified the gene. Its function is still not determined, but it was recently colocalised with microtubules and actin filaments in the cytoplasm. It contains a death domain called PYD (Pyrin Domain), usually associated with proteins involved in apoptosis. Some genes have been tested to assess their possible modifying effects on clinical features of FMF. The alpha/alpha genotype of the serum amyloid A or SAA1 gene is associated with an increased risk of amyloidosis in FMF patients, especially in patients homozygous for M694V, whereas the MICA (Major Histocompatibility Complex, MHC class-I-chain-related type A) gene seems to have an effect on disease course but not its clinical manifestations. The most effective treatment for FMF patients is colchicine, which should be taken regularly on a life-long basis. It decreases the frequency and severity of crises and prevents renal amyloidosis.
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PMID:[Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): from diagnosis to treatment]. 1574 78

We report the case of a 47-year-old man with the simultaneous occurrence of clinical and laboratory features consistent with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and nephrotic syndrome. Acute nephritic syndrome occurred 3 weeks after having pharyngeal pain and diarrhea. He presented with edema and hypertension on admission. Laboratory evaluation showed hemolytic anemia with fragmentation, thrombocytopenia, elevated lactic dehydrogenase level, low haptoglobin level, low complement C3 level, and elevated antistreptolysin-O titer. Serum creatinine level was 1.22 mg/dL (108 micromol/L), and urinalysis showed marked proteinuria, with protein of 8.7 g/d, and hematuria. The renal biopsy specimen was characteristic of APSGN, but not HUS. Moderate expansion of the mesangial matrix, moderate proliferation of epithelial and endothelial cells, and marked infiltration of neutrophils was seen by means of light microscopy, and many subepithelial humps were seen by means of electron microscopy. Neither fibrin deposition nor evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy was found. Complement C3 deposition along the capillary wall and tubules was seen in an immunofluorescence study. The patient was administered plasma infusion at 320 mL/d and antihypertensive drugs. Serum complement C3 and haptoglobin levels returned to normal within 3 weeks. This is a rare case of the simultaneous occurrence of APSGN, HUS, and nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:An adult with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome. 1618 9

Walking-induced calf pain as well as levels of different inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs) are related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This prospective cohort study explored the relationship between ISPs and walking-related calf pain and the interrelationships between ISPs and calf pain in the prediction of death and incidence of coronary events (CE). In 5,725 apparently healthy men, 46 +/-3.0 years old, plasma concentrations of orosomucoid (alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein), alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin were measured. Walking-induced calf pain was assessed by questionnaire. Mortality and incidence of CE were monitored over a mean follow-up of 18 years in subjects defined by the presence of calf pain and ISP level (0 to 1 or 2 to 5 ISP(s) in the top quartile). The prevalence of calf pain (7.3%) was significantly related to age, lifestyle, and traditional risk factors of CVD and ISP levels. The risk factor-adjusted relative risks for CE, CVD- and all-cause mortality were 1.89 (CI: 1.27 to 2.82), 2.90 (CI: 1.82 to 4.62), and 2.67 (CI: 1.97 to 3.57), respectively, for men with calf pain and high ISP levels (reference: no calf pain and low ISP levels). The corresponding risk for those with calf pain and low ISP levels were 1.34 (CI: 0.91 to 1.97), 1.47 (CI: 0.90 to 2.41), and 1.31 (CI: 0.95 to 1.81), respectively. These results indicate, on the one hand, that walking-induced calf pain is associated with high ISP levels and, on the other, that the risk of CVD in men with calf pain is substantially higher in those with high ISP levels than in those with low levels.
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PMID:Incidence of myocardial infarction and death in relation to walking-induced calf pain and plasma levels of inflammation-sensitive proteins. 1619 89

Factor H deficiency is responsible for thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) via uncontrolled activation of the alternative pathway of the complement system. Ocular TMA has never been reported in patients with factor H abnormalities. A male patient with congenital homozygote factor H deficiency reached end-stage renal disease at the age of 10 years. Hemodialysis was uneventful for 3 years, when, suddenly, unilateral ocular pain and blurred vision occurred while he had febrile pharyngitis. Ophthalmologic examination found vitreous bleeding, elevated ocular pressure, choroidal hemorrhage (ultrasound biomicroscopy) and retinal ischemia (fluorescein angiography). C-reactive protein concentration was increased, while haptoglobin levels remained normal. We suspected that TMA due to factor H deficiency was responsible for the ocular manifestations and immediately initiated daily plasma exchanges (PEs) with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for 10 days followed by three sessions per week. Factor H serum level increased from 6% to 82%, and C3 level normalized. Progressively, ocular pain decreased, and visual acuity and ophthalmologic findings showed improvement. When there is permanent activation of the alternative pathway in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the search for secondary targets might be of interest. In nephrectomized patients, no biological parameter can predict isolated ocular TMA. Early ophthalmologic investigation and substitution of factor H via FFP may avoid irreversible damage.
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PMID:Ocular involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome due to factor H deficiency--are there therapeutic consequences? 1761 7

The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and duration of postoperative pain and hyperalgesia in sheep undergoing mandibular reconstructive surgery. Stimulus-evoked sensitivity at the surgical site and an area remote from injury, the ipsilateral and contralateral forelimbs, was measured as objective indicators of altered pain processing in adult female sheep (n = 7). Responses were recorded before surgery and one, two, three, seven and 14 days afterwards. Concentrations of the acute-phase protein haptoglobin were measured in serum as a marker of inflammation before and at one and seven days after surgery. A significant decrease in forelimb mechanical withdrawal thresholds (secondary hyperalgesia) and response thresholds to punctate stimulation of the area surrounding the surgical incision (allodynia) was detected one day after surgery and persisted for at least three days, despite intra- and postoperative analgesic treatment. Concentrations of haptoglobin were significantly increased one day post-surgery, indicating the presence of a significant acute inflammatory response, and returned to pre-surgical concentrations by seven days. These data provide a deeper insight into understanding the impact of surgery in experimental animals, and may assist in formulating more effective analgesic and antihyperalgesic treatment regimens postoperatively.
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PMID:Pain assessment following experimental maxillofacial surgical procedure in sheep. 1764 Apr 62

Bone gluing is an attractive surgical technique; however, its use in patients is hampered by a variety of side effects. Therefore, it was the aim of this ethically approved study to evaluate a novel biodegradable beta-Tri-Calciumphosphate (beta-TCP, Cerasorb)-enhanced bone adhesive regarding its toxicity and biocompatibility in a rabbit model. Fifty healthy New Zealand White rabbits were assigned in the study (n = 21) and sham-operated control group (n = 29). In the study group, a cylindrical part (4.6 x 10.0 mm) of the proximal tibia and distal femur was removed, reimplanted, and bone adhesive was applied. Blinded physical examination and sampling for hematology, clinical chemistry, and acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP)) was performed before surgery and after 12, 24, 48, 72, 240, and 504 h. Significant findings of the physical examination included a slightly higher grading of warmth (p = 0.0019) and pain (p < 0.0001) of the wound 240 h after surgery in the study group. No significant differences between albumin, haptoglobin, CRP, and urea concentrations in both groups were evident, whereas the study group demonstrated significantly lower leukocyte count, total protein, and globulin concentrations (p < 0.0001). As expected, both groups showed a marked transient increase in muscle enzymes (Creatine Kinase and Aspartate Aminotransferase) following the surgery (p < 0.0001). Twelve to 24 h after surgery, a significant decrease in ionized calcium from 1.38 +/- 0.12 mmol/L to 1.06 +/- 0.13 mmol/L was noted in the study group (p < 0.0001). The results clearly indicated that the novel beta-TCP-enhanced bone adhesive showed good biocompatibility without significant evidence of acute or subacute local or systemic toxicity.
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PMID:Biodegradable beta-Tri-Calciumphosphate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate enhanced three component bone adhesive demonstrates biocompatibility without evidence of systemic toxicity in a rabbit model. 1928 33

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for treatment of arthritis. However, their long-term use has been associated with considerable morbidity, limiting their application. Thus, there remains a need to develop new drugs for the effective and safe relief of chronic inflammatory pain. In this context, the present study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects of the 5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives EPFCA3 and MPFCA4 after acute (1-1000 micromol/kg) and chronic (100 micromol/kg for 15 days) administration in rats submitted to a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. We also analyzed some biochemical indicators of toxicity (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea and creatinine levels) after prolonged administration of these compounds. We found that acute and chronic subcutaneuous administration of EPFCA3 and MPFCA4 produces an antinociceptive, but not antiedematogenic, effect on the arthritis animal model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). No signs of toxicity were observed in the animals chronically treated with EPFCA3 or MPFCA4. Dipyrone (1-1000 micromol/kg) was used as the positive control and its effect was similar to that of the novel pyrazoles. The activity of tissue myeloperoxidase, the tissue TNF-alpha level and the serum haptoglobin level was increased by intraplantar CFA injection. However, chronic administration of EPFCA3, MPFCA4 or dipyrone was not able to alter the relation between these parameters and inflammation. Our results suggest that EPFCA3 and MPFCA4 are good candidates for the development of new drugs for pain treatment.
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PMID:Effect of 5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles on chronic inflammatory pain model in rats. 1954 Feb 23

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe obstruction of the arteries resulting from seriously decreased blood flow to the extremities, progressing to the point of pain and even skin ulcers or sores. CLI is associated with a high percentage of limb loss and mortality; however, no reliable biochemical indices are available to monitor the stages of CLI. We developed a strategy involving comparative proteomic analysis to detect CLI associated plasma biomarkers. 2D-DIGE and subsequent MALDI-TOF MS analyses provided 50 differentially expressed plasma proteins (including alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin), between hemodialytic diabetic patients with and without CLI. Interestingly, more than half of the differentially expressed plasma proteins are associated with inflammatory responses. Our results show that CLI is strongly correlated to inflammation, indicating a strong potential for proteomics analysis in the diagnosis of CLI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report presenting a proteomics approach to monitor differentially expressed plasma proteins associated with CLI.
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PMID:Plasma proteomic analysis of the critical limb ischemia markers in diabetic patients with hemodialysis. 2146 29


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