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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The effects of apomorphine and sodium Di-n-propylacetate (DPA, sodium valproate) on pain-induced aggressive behavior were investigated in three inbred strains of mice: BALB/c, C57B1/6 and DBA/2, which exhibited spontaneously low levels of aggression. 2. Apomorphine elicited aggressive behavior in the three strains, the range of effective doses being different for each strain of mice. 3. Di-n-propylacetate was effective in inhibiting apomorphine elicited aggression but the three strains exhibited a different sensitivity to this drug. 4. The effects of Di-n-propylacetate were not related to pain sensitivity, posture and locomotion. Only C57 strain exhibited a slight postural and locomotor impairment when injected with a higher dose of Di-n-propylacetate. 5. The results are discussed in terms of a genetic inference and of biological differences existing between these three strains.
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PMID:Effects of apomorphine and sodium Di-n-propylacetate on the aggressive behaviour of three strains of mice. 12 90

The link between endogenous opioid peptides and the genetic predisposition to preferentially consume ethanol was examined in alcohol preferring C57BL/6J mice compared with the alcohol nonpreferring DBA/2 mice. Concentrations of Met-enkephalin pentapeptide or precursor in various brain regions of potential relevance were not different between the two strains. C57BL/6J mice had a significantly lower pain threshold that could be increased by a selective mu-receptor opioid agonist [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(O)5-ol]-enkephalin. Treatment with this drug also decreased ethanol consumption in C57BL/6J mice. Increasing the synaptic half-life of endogenous enkephalins by the enkephalinase inhibitor kelatorphan also decreased ethanol consumption. Assay of endogenous enkephalin degrading activity showed increased enkephalinase activity in striatal issue of C57BL/6J compared with DBA/2 tissue. These results suggest that a relative lack of enkephalin peptides trans-synaptically, possibly resulting from enhanced enkephalin degradation may contribute to increase alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J mice.
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PMID:Endogenous opioids are involved in the genetically determined high preference for ethanol consumption. 165 11

Brief exposure to an elevated plus-maze has been shown to induce antinociception in male mice, a reaction that is not attenuated by manipulations of opiate receptors but which is fully blocked by diazepam. The present study examined the effects of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil (5-20 mg/kg), on behavioural and antinociceptive responses to the elevated plus-maze in male DBA/2 mice. The results showed that, in the absence of an effect on total arm entries or rearing, flumazenil increased the time spent on the closed arms of the maze (an anxiogenic profile) and significantly enhanced antinociception induced by the elevated plus-maze. Data are discussed in relation to an "endogenous ligand theory" and it is concluded that the present findings are consistent with the proposed involvement of anxiety in at least certain forms of adaptive inhibition of pain.
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PMID:Effects of benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil, on antinociceptive and behavioural responses to the elevated plus-maze in mice. 178 80

The effects of a number of 5-HT receptor ligands were examined on nonopioid defensive analgesia in male DBA/2 mice. MDL 73005EF (0.05-1.0 mg/kg), a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, potently and dose-dependently inhibited the analgesic consequences of social defeat. CGS 12066B (0.5-10.0 mg/kg) and MK-212 (0.3-10.0 mg/kg), selective agonists for 5-HT1B and 5-HT1C sites, respectively, failed to influence this particular form of adaptive pain inhibition. Two 5-HT2/1C receptor antagonists, ritanserin (0.05-10.0 mg/kg) and ICI 169.369 (0.3-10.0 mg/kg), were also devoid of specific effects upon defensive analgesia. Both ritanserin and ICI 169,369 were found to have intrinsic analgetic efficacy and to induce behavioural changes indicative of increased defensiveness. These data, together with previous findings, confirm the specific involvement of 5-HT1A receptor mechanisms in the analgesic consequences of social defeat in male mice. Results are discussed in relation to the role of anxiety in adaptive pain inhibition.
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PMID:Differential effects of novel ligands for 5-HT receptor subtypes on nonopioid defensive analgesia in male mice. 179 10

1. Prominent strain differences of mice were found in analgesic effects of D-amino acids. 2. In C57BL/6CrSlc and C3H/HeSlc mice, pain threshold, which was determined by using a hot-plate method, increased to 140-175% of the control after the systemic treatment of all three D-amino acids employed, such as D-phenylalanine, -leucine and -methionine, whereas in DBA/2CrSlc or BALB/cCrSlc mice, out of three only one D-amino acid, D-phenylalanine or -leucine, produced significant increase of pain threshold. 3. This lack of ability to perceive analgesic effects of specific amino acids observed in the latter two strains suggests that there probably exist different analgesia-inducing mechanisms for each of three D-amino acids in mice and the latter two strains lack two of them.
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PMID:Analgesic effects of D-amino acids in four inbred strains of mice. 198 75

The effects of prenatal exposure on gamma/neutron radiations (0.5 Gy at about the 18th day of fetal life) were studied in a hybrid strain of mice (DBA/Cne males x C57BL/Cne females). During ontogeny, measurements of sensorimotor reflexes revealed in prenatally irradiated mice 1) a delay in sensorial development, 2) deficits in tests involving body motor control, and 3) a reduction of both motility and locomotor activity scores. In adulthood, the behaviour of prenatally irradiated and control mice was examined in the open field test and in reactivity to novelty. Moreover, their learning performance was compared in several situations. The results show that, in the open field test, only rearings were more frequent in irradiated mice. In the presence of a novel object, significant sex x treatment interactions were observed since ambulation and leaning against the novel object increased in irradiated females but decreased in irradiated males. Finally, when submitted to different learning tasks, irradiated mice were impaired in the radial maze, but paradoxically exhibited higher avoidance scores than control mice, possibly because of their low pain thresholds. Taken together, these observations indicate that late prenatal gamma/neutron irradiation induces long lasting alterations at the sensorimotor level which, in turn, can influence learning abilities of adult mice.
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PMID:Prenatal exposure to gamma/neutron irradiation: sensorimotor alterations and paradoxical effects on learning. 200 72

The glucuronidation of morphine and naloxone was demonstrated in the brain and liver in 2 inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) and their F1 hybrid generation. These strains showed a significant difference in latency of withdrawal in the tail-immersion test, the B6 strain being the most sensitive. The rate of naloxone glucuronidation in the brain was 5 times higher in the B6 than in the D2 strain. In the liver the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) activity was slightly higher in the D2 strain. The naloxone- and morphine-3'-glucuronide (N3G, M3G) formation rate ratio was close to 1 in both the brain and liver in all except the B6 strain, where it was 2.6 in the brain. There was a correlation between formation rate of M3G and N3G (r = 0.65 brain and r = 0.73 liver). Our results indicate a common glucuronidation pathway for morphine and naloxone.
Pain 1989 Jul
PMID:The sensitivity to noxious heat in relation to brain and liver opioid glucuronidation in inbred strains of mice. 250 4

Recent studies have suggested that anxiety may be an important factor in the non-opioid analgesic response to defeat in muroid rodents. In the present study, we have examined the influence of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, on basal nociception and defeat analgesia in male DBA/2 mice. Our results show that, while devoid of intrinsic activity on the mouse tail-flick assay, 8-OH-DPAT blocks the analgetic consequences of defeat. A ten-fold potency differential was observed as a function of route of injection, with minimum effective doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg for subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration, respectively. Although further studies are required, these preliminary data support 5-HT1A receptor involvement in the mediation of this form of adaptive pain inhibition.
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PMID:5HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), inhibits non-opioid analgesia in defeated mice: influence of route of administration. 252 55

Recent findings concerning the time-course of opioid-mediated social conflict analgesia have revealed the existence of two distinct nociceptive phases. Analgesia lasting between 30-45 minutes postattack is evident in the early phase whilst hyperalgesia is observed in the late phase at around 70-75 min postattack. This pattern of nociception has similarities with that envisaged in the Perceptual-Defensive-Recuperative (PDR) model of fear and pain and is predictive of defense/fear reactions being seen whilst animals are analgesic with recuperative behaviours becoming evident in the hyperalgesic phase. Detailed ethological analysis was conducted on DBA/2 mice exposed to opioid-activating attack parameters in a resident-intruder paradigm and tested in the presence of a nonaggressive conspecific. During the analgesic phase, at 10 min postagonistic encounter, a profile was observed consisting largely of increased measures of static, self-directed, possibly recuperative, behaviours (immobile crouch and autogrooming). In contrast, during the hyperalgesic phase, at 70 minutes postencounter, there was evidence of increased environmental exploration, attending to and avoiding nonaggressive conspecifics but no increases in autogrooming or any other behaviours that could be viewed as being recuperative. It is concluded that under present test conditions, using DBA/2 mice exposed to opioid activating attack parameters, predictions based on the PDR model of fear and pain are not supported.
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PMID:Hyperalgesia following agonistic encounters in DBA/2 intruder mice is not associated with recuperative behaviours. 275 35

In this study, mechanisms of pain inhibition (tail-flick test) and memory (place avoidance paradigm) were investigated in attacked, DBA/2 and C57BL/6, mice. During training, exposure of test animals to 10 or 30 bites by an aggressive, isolated ICR mouse situated in the dark half of a bright/dark conditioning box induced a significantly higher social conflict analgesia in DBA than in C57 mice. Naltrexone (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) reduced this response in DBA mice that received 30, but not 10, bites and was ineffective in C57 mice. This points to different, opioid versus naltrexone-insensitive nonopioid, analgesic mechanisms. During place choice testing in the same box 24 h later, DBA mice that had received 30, but not 10, bites showed a significant, naltrexone-reversible, avoidance of the attack place. No place avoidance learning was observed in C57 mice. The data provided unequivocal evidence that place avoidance learning was a result of associative conditioning, in that neither pairing nor social conflict per se significantly changed the preference for the dark side seen in experimentally naive DBA mice. Antagonism of place avoidance conditioning was observed regardless of whether testing was carried out in the drugged or undrugged state, excluding possible state-dependent effects as an explanation for the naltrexone-induced impairment. Individual correlational analysis in saline-injected, attacked DBA mice revealed a negative relationship between the analgesic state immediately after training and the avoidance of attack place during testing. In summary, the results suggest strain-dependent analgesic and learning mechanisms and indicate that endogenous opioids released in attacked DBA mice support pain inhibition and modulate the memorization of attack place by their analgesic effects, as well as by mechanisms independent of pain inhibitory systems.
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PMID:Place avoidance learning and stress-induced analgesia in the attacked mouse: role of endogenous opioids. 275 88


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