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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Changes in the axonal transport of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were studied in the painful mononeuropathy induced by setting 4 loose ligatures around the right sciatic nerve of the rat. Since changes in the axonal transport of AChE can be used to assess axonal degeneration/regeneration, we used this marker to investigate whether the time course of pain-related behavioral disorders observed following chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve are related to the time course of the regeneration of the injured axons. In addition, a comparison was made between changes in AChE observed in this model of nerve injury and those observed after sciatic nerve crush. The rats were examined for pain-related disorders daily during the first postoperative week then at 7, 14 and 21 days after nerve ligation. The pain-related disorders, only detected from 7 days after ligation, were maximal at 14 days postinjury, and began to lessen at the end of the 3rd postoperative week. Within the first 3 days after loose ligation, the AChE transport dropped to 40% of its normal value, but recovered rapidly during the 3rd week post-surgery, indicating that most of the injured neurons were reconnecting their target cells. Thus, the injury produced by the loose ligatures was registered by the neurons several days before the first nociceptive manifestations of the injury, and the pain-related disorders lasted after most of the re-elongating axons had reconnected their target.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pain 1994 Dec
PMID:Time-course of nociceptive disorders induced by chronic loose ligatures of the rat sciatic nerve and changes of the acetylcholinesterase transport along the ligated nerve. 770 15

We have previously introduced a novel animal model of neuropathic pain in rats following a peripheral mononeuropathy produced by freezing the common sciatic nerve, a technique termed sciatic cryoneurolysis (SCN). In this study, we have further characterized the temporal pattern of behavioral changes following SCN, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. These behaviors were assessed using noxious thermal (radiant heat) and non-noxious tactile (von Frey filament) stimuli, respectively. Following unilateral SCN, animals exhibited significant (P < 0.001) bilateral tactile hypersensitivity (allodynia) that persisted at least 10 weeks. However, this lesion did not result in thermal hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia). In fact, thermal sensitivity in the operated limb remained significantly suppressed throughout the 10 weeks (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed autotomy in 76% of SCN-lesioned animals as well as transient weight loss and pale eye syndrome (PES), a phenomenon previously unreported in other neuropathic pain models. PES is a sustained, visibly distinct pallor of the normally pink eye color of the albino rat. We believe PES is a putative marker of heightened sympathetic efferent activity. The severity of autotomy following SCN correlated significantly with both weight loss (P < 0.001) and the expression of PES (P < 0.001). Autotomy behavior preceded the onset of allodynia; however, there was no correlation between the severity of expression of these behaviors. These behavioral sequelae are comparable to those seen in other animal models of neuropathic pain, but differ in respect to the increased frequency of autotomy and the lack of thermal hyperalgesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pain 1994 Aug
PMID:Differential behavioral outcomes in the sciatic cryoneurolysis model of neuropathic pain in rats. 781 82

A 16-year-old female track athlete experienced sudden onset of right anterolateral thigh pain, initially thought to be cramping. After 2 months of continued postexercise pain she sought medical evaluation. A 3-cm thigh circumference discrepancy was noted on physical exam. She was referred for electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Femoral and screening nerve conduction studies were normal. Needle EMG revealed acute neuropathic changes confined to the right vastus lateralis only. These findings were confirmed by MRI, including short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. All other medical work-up was normal, including lumbar and pelvic MRI, and complete serologic studies. This case represents a unique presentation of an idiopathic femoral mononeuropathy isolated to the vastus lateralis only, which has not been previously reported. The highly unusual anatomical presentation of this case illustrates the emerging complementary usefulness of EMG and MRI in delineating neuromuscular pathology.
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PMID:Isolated femoral mononeuropathy to the vastus lateralis: EMG and MRI findings. 787 Jan 14

Musculoskeletal abnormalities have rarely been reported after major organ transplantation. We recorded five cases of elbow complications after orthotopic liver and bilateral lung transplantation. Three patients (four elbows) developed heterotopic ossification at the elbow, leading to decreased range of motion, pain and difficulty performing self-feeding and perineal hygiene. Two patients (three elbows) had electrodiagnostic evidence of ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow, whereas one patient had bilateral median mononeuropathies caused by compression at the level of the ligament of Struthers. Surgical resection of ectopic bone with postoperative radiation was required in two patients (two elbows), and nerve decompression was used in three patients (four elbows). Common factors noted in all patients with either heterotopic ossification or ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow included prolonged encephalopathy and the use of wrist restraints with the presentation of symptoms occurring weeks after surgery. In the patient with bilateral median nerve entrapment, symptoms occurred immediately after surgery suggesting perioperative limb compression. Elbow complications after organ transplantation should be recognized to minimize long-term disability through preventive measures and appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Elbow complications after organ transplantation. Case reports. 787 17

In order to investigate the possible relationship between chronic pain and the immune system, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and humoral immunity were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to unilateral peripheral mononeuropathy induced by sciatic ligation. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) time was measured twice during the experiment in animals subjected to sciatic nerve ligation or sham surgery. Sciatic nerve-ligated animals showed hyperalgesia in the leg subjected to neural ligation when compared to the contralateral leg. No differences in PWL times existed in sham-operated animals. In order to exclude possible alterations in immune response due to the surgical procedure or to the hyperalgesia testing, a group of control animals, not subjected to surgical procedures or hyperalgesia testing, was also included in the experiment. Three days post-sciatic ligation or sham surgery, both experimental and control animals were sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). A secondary sensitization followed 1 week after the initial immunization. Fourteen days after the initial sensitization, KLH was injected into the hind foot pad and vehicle into the contralateral foot pad in order to assess DTH. One group of rats subjected to sciatic nerve ligation was tested for DTH in the hind foot pad ipsilateral to the ligated nerve, while another group was tested in the contralateral foot pad. Twenty-four hours following foot pad injections, the thickness of both paws was measured and animals were bled to test for anti-KLH immunoglobulins. Animals in which mononeuropathy was induced, but not sham-operated or control animals, exhibited an enhanced DTH response to KLH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pain 1994 Nov
PMID:Chronic pain and immunity: mononeuropathy alters immune responses in rats. 789 19

A 26-year-old woman with mononeuropathy multiplex complained of severe pain of right foot and ipsilateral steppage gait. Careful examination failed detect evidence of systemic lesions. Sural nerve biopsy revealed myelin ovoids and loss of myelinated fibers, which were different in severity among the fascicles. There were mild mononuclear cell infiltrations around arterioles in the epineurium. A diagnosis of nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSN) was made. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA), a specific marker for microscopic polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis, was positive in the patient. Oral administration of prednisolone ameliorated the sensorimotor disturbances, and ANCA turned to be negative. This is the first report of a patient with NSN showing positive ANCA.
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PMID:[A case of nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)]. 792 60

The abnormal pain sensations that accompany peripheral neuropathies are sometimes found in a distribution that does not coincide with the territories of nerves or posterior roots. This 'extra-territorial' pain is one of the lines of evidence that has been advanced to support the proposal that these patients suffer from a psychogenic disorder. In the present experiments, rats were prepared with a unilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve. Beginning on the first postoperative day and continuing for at least 18 days, exaggerated withdrawal reflexes to pinprick stimulation, indicative of mechano-hyperalgesia, were seen on the side of nerve injury in the hindpaw territories of both the injured sciatic nerve and the uninjured saphenous nerve. Beginning on postoperative day 4 and continuing for at least the next 3 weeks, the withdrawal responses to von Frey hair stimulation on the nerve-injured side occurred at a significantly lower threshold, indicating the presence of mechano-allodynia. The severity and time course of the mechano-allodynia were similar in both nerve territories. When tested 18 days after the CCI, mechano-allodynia in the saphenous territory was abolished by an acute saphenous transection, but unaffected by sciatic transection. Conversely, mechano-allodynia evoked from the mid-plantar sciatic territory was abolished by acute sciatic transection, but unaffected by saphenous transection. These results show that rats with an experimental painful peripheral mononeuropathy have extra-territorial pain like that seen in man. Extra-territorial pain may be partly or entirely due to a peripheral nerve injury-evoked dysfunction of pain processing neurons in the central nervous system.
Pain 1994 Jun
PMID:Extra-territorial pain in rats with a peripheral mononeuropathy: mechano-hyperalgesia and mechano-allodynia in the territory of an uninjured nerve. 793 15

In a rat model of mononeuropathy produced by 4 loose ligatures around the common sciatic nerve, the effects of 1 mg/kg morphine and mu-, delta- and kappa-agonists, DAMGO (2 and 3 mg/kg), BUBUC (3 and 6 mg/kg) and U-69,593 (1.5 mg/kg), were evaluated by measuring the struggle latency (SL in sec) to immersion of the paw on the nerve-injured side in a cold (10 degrees C) or hot (42 degrees C, 44 degrees C, and 46 degrees C) water bath. Experiments were performed 2 weeks after surgery. The agonists were used at doses that produced potent antinociceptive effects on the vocalization test in this model. At 46 degrees C (clearly in the noxious range), only morphine and DAMGO had significant effects. The effect of morphine lasted for more than 2 h with a maximum at 40 min (SL = 13.8 +/- 1.6 sec, 252% of control values). For 2 and 3 mg/kg DAMGO, the dose-related effect lasted for 120 min at least, with a maximum at 20-40 min (SL = 6.0 +/- 0.5 and 8.8 +/- 0.7 sec, 148% and 170% of control values, respectively). These effects were more potent and prolonged than in normal rats and were reversed by 0.1 mg/kg naloxone i.v. By contrast, morphine and all selective agonists failed to relieve the abnormal reactions to 10 degrees C, 42 degrees C (in the non-noxious range) and 44 degrees C (at the noxious threshold) stimuli. Our data illustrate a differential effect of opioids on nociceptive tests based on different stimulus modalities and intensities in this model of mononeuropathic pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pain 1994 May
PMID:Differential action of morphine and various opioid agonists on thermal allodynia and hyperalgesia in mononeuropathic rats. 809 May 18

An experimental mononeuropathy was produced in rats by unilateral loose ligation of the sciatic nerve, with a contralateral sham surgery. Repeated bilateral sensory testing was performed over time to investigate any threshold differences between the loose ligature side and the contralateral control side. A prolonged reduction in the mean withdrawal threshold to heat was observed on the loose ligature side over the medial dorsum of the hindpaw (MDH), and over the plantar surface of the hindpaw (PSH). Following loose ligature there was also a significant reduction in the von Frey fiber withdrawal thresholds over the lateral dorsum of the hindpaw (LDH) and the medial dorsum of the hindpaw (MDH). In a second experiment the saphenous nerves were transected bilaterally in rats who had an earlier unilateral loose sciatic ligation. The heat hyperalgesia that had been previously observed over the MDH was abolished, and no withdrawal response could be elicited with the largest von Frey fiber over the MDH, indicating that the MDH hyperalgesia induced by sciatic loose ligature was mediated by the saphenous nerve. This adjacent neuropathic hyperalgesia (ANH) resembles the saphenous mediated ANH observed over the MDH following sciatic transection, follows the same temporal course of onset, and may share a similar pathogenesis. The heat threshold over the PSH and the pressure threshold over the LDH were unaffected by the bilateral saphenous transection, demonstrating that following loose sciatic ligation both of these thresholds are mediated by the sciatic nerve.
Pain 1993 Dec
PMID:A loose ligature-induced mononeuropathy produces hyperalgesias mediated by both the injured sciatic nerve and the adjacent saphenous nerve. 812 90

A syndrome of cold hyperalgesia associated with cold hypoaesthesia is described in 28 patients with peripheral polyneuropathy or mononeuropathy of various aetiologies. A mechanism of sensory disinhibition, where diminished cold-specific A delta input releases cold pain input carried by C nociceptors, is proposed to explain the hyperalgesia. In most patients, the symptomatic skin is abnormally cold. This is a likely consequence of vasospasm, due to sympathetic denervation supersensitivity, caused by dropout of sympathetic efferents as part of the small caliber nerve fibre insult. The term 'triple cold syndrome' is coined to describe this specific pathophysiological condition. Descriptively it is a mirror image of erythralgia, as described by Sir Thomas Lewis (1936) and updated by one of the present authors, a human condition also centred around anomalous primary nociceptor input, in which there is heat hyperalgesia and hot symptomatic skin due to C nociceptor sensitization and vasodilatation from antidromic discharge. Thus, like the latter condition, the triple cold syndrome emerges as an independent clinical entity with definable abnormal mechanisms which should be retrieved out of the all-embracing, descriptive, diagnostic category 'reflex sympathetic dystrophy--causalgia'.
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PMID:The triple cold syndrome. Cold hyperalgesia, cold hypoaesthesia and cold skin in peripheral nerve disease. 814 11


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