Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Compounds with a combination of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibition have been approved in the US and Europe for a number of indications, including major depressive disorder and pain disorders such as diabetic neuropathy and fibromyalgia. Efforts to design selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors based on SAR from the aryloxypropanamine series of monoamine reuptake inhibitors have led to the identification of a potent new class of dual acting norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors, namely the 3-(1H-indol-1-yl)-3-arylpropan-1-amines.
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PMID:Synthesis and activity of a new class of dual acting norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors: 3-(1H-indol-1-yl)-3-arylpropan-1-amines. 1697 67

This paper details the SAR of 1,5-biaryl pyrrole derivatives with substituents in the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions of the benzoic acid group as EP1 receptor antagonists. Substitution at the 2-position was poorly tolerated, whereas only fluorine was tolerated at the 4-position. In contrast, a range of substituents at the 5-position were discovered which enhanced the in vitro affinity and led to compounds with promising oral exposure. Three derivatives showed efficacy in a preclinical model of inflammatory pain when dosed orally to rats.
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PMID:1,5-Biaryl pyrrole derivatives as EP1 receptor antagonists: Structure-activity relationships of 4- and 5-substituted benzoic acid derivatives. 1709 27

A series of new N-type (Ca(v)2.2) calcium channel blockers derived from the 'hit' structures 2-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)thiazolidin-4-one 9 and its 2-[4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]-3-isobutyl analogue 10 is described. Extensive SAR studies using a range of synthetic approaches resulted in novel, patented compounds with IC50 values of up to 0.2 microM in an in vitro IMR32 assay, and selectivities for N/L of up to 30-fold. The new compounds described have potential in treatment of neuropathic pain.
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PMID:Synthesis and SAR of novel 2-arylthiazolidinones as selective analgesic N-type calcium channel blockers. 1713 96

Herein we describe the SAR of 1,5-biaryl pyrrole derivatives, with substituents in the 6-position of the benzoic acid moiety, as EP(1) receptor antagonists. Substitution at this position was well tolerated and led to the identification of several analogues with high affinity for the EP(1) receptor that displayed good efficacy in the established FCA model of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, several analogues were prepared which combined substitution at the 5- and 6-positions as well as derivatives with an aromatic ring fused to the 5- and 6-positions.
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PMID:1,5-Biaryl pyrrole derivatives as EP1 receptor antagonists. Structure-activity relationships of 6-substituted and 5,6-disubstituted benzoic acid derivatives. 1717 60

A series of 4-arylimidazole carbamates was synthesized and their binding affinities to the site-2 sodium (Na+) channel were determined. SAR studies led to the identification of compound 10, a potent Na+ channel blocker which was efficacious in pain models in vivo.
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PMID:Butyl 2-(4-[1.1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethylcarbamate, a potent sodium channel blocker for the treatment of neuropathic pain. 1723 9

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) is a primary hormone in the fight or flight response targeting a membrane bound G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Many people worldwide stand to benefit by the development of CRH agonists and antagonists for the treatment of anxiety and depression, with additional therapeutic targets including Alzheimer's, pain and the prevention of premature birth: so why the delay in development? In this review, we will discuss not only CRH, related proteins, receptors and ligands, but some of the obstacles that have arisen, as well as strategies being pursued to overcome these problems in the pursuit of this GPCR targeted therapeutic. Several key proteins influence the complex and intrinsic regulation of CRH, including its receptors (CRHR), of which 3 types have been categorised, CRHR(1), CRHR(2), CRHR(3), each containing active and inactive splice variants. Additionally, the CRH binding protein (CRHBP) is believed to moderate the effects of CRH at the receptor, whether it is as a molecular mop, or a delivery vessel, or both, is still being investigated. Homology based receptor modelling is a technique that has only recently become available with the crystallisation of bovine rhodopsin (a GPCR), [1] and the application of this technique to the CRH receptors is still in the early stages of development. Therefore, the medicinal chemist has previously had to rely on ligand-based strategies, specifically, the development of pharmacophores. Thus, an extensive number of both CRH peptide analogues and small ligands that show nanomolar antagonism have been developed with SAR libraries being integral to the iterative drug design process.
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PMID:Corticotropin releasing hormone--a GPCR drug target. 1726 35

The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of indole inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha, type IVA phospholipase) are described. Inhibitors of cPLA2alpha are predicted to be efficacious in treating asthma as well as the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pain. The introduction of a benzyl sulfonamide substituent at C2 was found to impart improved potency of these inhibitors, and the SAR of these sulfonamide analogues is disclosed. Compound 123 (Ecopladib) is a sub-micromolar inhibitor of cPLA2alpha in the GLU micelle and rat whole blood assays. Compound 123 displayed oral efficacy in the rat carrageenan air pouch and rat carrageenan-induced paw edema models.
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PMID:Discovery of Ecopladib, an indole inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha. 1730 24

SAR studies for N-aryl-N'-benzyl urea class of TRPV1 antagonists have been extended to cover alpha-benzyl alkylation. Alkylated compounds showed weaker in vitro potencies in blocking capsaicin activation of TRPV1 receptor, but possessed improved pharmacokinetic properties. Further structural manipulations that included replacement of isoquinoline core with indazole and isolation of single enantiomer led to TRPV1 antagonists like (R)-16a with superior pharmacokinetic properties and greater potency in animal model of inflammatory pain.
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PMID:Alpha-methylation at benzylic fragment of N-aryl-N'-benzyl ureas provides TRPV1 antagonists with better pharmacokinetic properties and higher efficacy in inflammatory pain model. 1750 18

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the senses of vision, smell, taste, and pain. They are also involved in cell recognition and communication processes, making them a prominent superfamily for drug targets. Unfortunately, the atomic-level structure is available from experiment only for bovine rhodopsin. We report here improvements in methods (MembStruk and HierDock) for predicting the structures of GPCRs, including bound ligands, with applications to prostanoid and Urotensin GPCRs. We find that the predicted binding sites are consistent with available mutation and SAR data, suggesting that the predicted structures are sufficiently accurate for drug design applications.
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PMID:Prediction of structure of G-protein coupled receptors and of bound ligands, with applications for drug design. 1822 98

We describe the medicinal chemistry approach that generated a novel indole series of EP(1) receptor antagonists. The SAR of this new template was evaluated and culminated in the identification of compound 12g which demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a preclinical model of inflammatory pain.
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PMID:Discovery of a novel indole series of EP1 receptor antagonists by scaffold hopping. 1837 47


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