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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective study over a period of 3 yr, involving all patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease seen at our hospital, we found the diagnostic signs of Jaccoud's arthropathy in 17 of 400 cases (4.2%). All 17 patients had a past history of acute arthritis involving the joints and showed deformities at the time of diagnosis. The valvular lesions were mitral and aortic in 11 cases, mitral in 5 cases and aortic in 1 case. The most frequent joint deformities were: ulnar deviation at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints (12 cases), lateral deviation at the metatarso-phalangeal joints (12 cases), and hammer toe deformity (6 cases). The deformities were reducible in all of them. None of the patients had pain or signs of acute inflammation and functional capacity was normal. Other causes of joint deformity were ruled out by means of radiographic and serologic studies. Jaccoud's arthropathy is not a rare entity and its recognition is important for a differential diagnosis with chronic arthritis of other etiologies, also associated with valvular heart lesions.
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PMID:Jaccoud's arthropathy in patients with chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease. 63 Nov 81

Although an uncommon occurrence in childhood, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy secondary to tumors- most commonly to osteogenic sarcoma with pulmonary metastasis-may cause severe join pain and swelling. The syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute arthritis in childhood
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PMID:Secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. An unusual cause of arthritis in childhood. 106 92

We investigated the effects of collagen II-induced arthritis on two cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enzymes converting dynorphin A and substance P (SP), namely dynorphin-converting enzyme (DCE) and substance P endopeptidase (SPE). The products generated by these enzymes are the bioactive fragments Leu-enkephalin-Arg6 and substance P, respectively. The strain used (DA rats) is very sensitive towards induction of arthritis. The collagen arthritis is a chronic autoimmune arthritis induced by native rat collagen type II (CII). Following intradermal injection of CII into the tailbase. CSF was sampled on day 21 (acute arthritis) and day 38 (chronic arthritis). Control rats were untreated because the strain used developed an acute and self-limited arthritis (adjuvant arthritis) when administered vehicle (i.e. incomplete Freund's adjuvant). The DCE activity was significantly lowered in the acute phase of arthritis (P less than 0.05) when analysed with two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). The enzyme converting SP (SPE) also showed a significant decrease in the acute phase of arthritis (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that both DCE and SPE are affected in the acute phase of arthritis. A functional role of these enzymes in processing pain-related neuropeptides is therefore implicated.
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PMID:Decreased neuropeptide-converting enzyme activities in cerebrospinal fluid during acute but not chronic phases of collagen induced arthritis in rats. 138

In-111 labeled leukocyte scintigraphy was performed on a 90-year-old woman who had a fever and left lower extremity pain for 3 days. Leukocyte images demonstrated abnormal activity in the left knee and ankle. Aspiration of the left knee joint yielded cloudy yellow fluid with a leukocyte count of 30,000 per mm3 (75% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 1% lymphocytes, and 24% monocytes). Cultures of the aspirate were reported as no growth. Microscopic examination of the aspirate revealed the presence of rod-shaped crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, confirming the diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, also known as pseudogout. The acute arthritis of pseudogout stimulates an intense leukocyte response; therefore, labeled leukocyte images performed on patients suspected of having this condition must be interpreted cautiously because scintigraphically it may not be possible to distinguish pseudogout from septic arthritis.
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PMID:In-111 labeled leukocyte imaging in a case of pseudogout. 158 41

Somatosensory neurons of the spinal cord, including projection neurons, become hyperexcitable to mechanical stimuli during the development of experimental arthritis in rats and cats and hence are suggested to participate in the generation of arthritic hyperalgesia in humans. The experiments described here show a potentiation of the responses of spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in monkeys during the development of an acute arthritis. The results demonstrate that the responses of STT neurons to mechanical stimuli and to iontophoretically applied excitatory amino acids (EAAs), particularly those acting at non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptors, become enhanced during the development of inflammation produced by intra-articular injection of kaolin and carrageenan. Since the enhancement of both responses follows a similar time course, the results of this work suggest a role for EAAs in the hyperalgesia associated with arthritis and hence may provide a possible pharmacologic target for alleviation and/or prevention of arthritic pain.
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PMID:Neural changes in acute arthritis in monkeys. I. Parallel enhancement of responses of spinothalamic tract neurons to mechanical stimulation and excitatory amino acids. 163 73

Based on the analgesic effect of laser therapy in clinic, the effect of laser irradiation at acupoints on the experimental arthritis in rats was further observed. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats, which were divided into three groups: The normal group (n = 6): without any treatment. The laser group (n = 8): 24 hours after an injection of Freund's adjuvant, the typical symptoms of acute arthritis (red, swelling, pain and hyperalgesia) occurred. Then transcutaneous irradiation with a low power Helium-neon laser (3 mw, 6328 A) at ipsilateral Kun-Lun point was applied ten minutes every day for five days. The control group (n = 8): with the same treatment as the laser group except laser irradiation. All the indexes, such as foot volume, pain score and pain threshold (Heat-leg-withdrawal latency, HWL and electric-shock vocalization, VOC) were measured every day. Comparing with the symptoms in the control group, the intensity of pain as measured on pain score and the swelling of the ankles (foot volume) were significantly reduced by laser irradiation (P less than 0.01), but the pain threshold (HWL and VOC) did not show any improvement in laser group. However, immediately after laser irradiation, the average pain threshold (VOC) was significantly raised (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that low power laser irradiation at local points can produce the relief from arthralgia and reduction in the swelling of ankles, and it can also produce instant analgesic effect in test of pain threshold (VOC).
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PMID:[The effect of laser irradiation on arthritis in rats]. 211 11

We have previously demonstrated that during acute arthritis in the rats induced by local intraplanter adjuvant, there are dramatic alterations in the behavioral responses to noxious stimulation. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in responses of parafascicular nuclei (Pf) neurons during acute arthritis and effect of acupuncture (EA) in the rats. It was shown that: (1). for the whole populations of somatosensory neurons there was no statistical significant between arthritic rat and normal rat (P greater than 0.05). However, nociceptive neurons activated exclusively by noxious stimulation were less in the arthritic rat (21/60) than in the normal rat (35/46) (P less than 0.01); nociceptive-non-nociceptive neurons activated by both noxious and non-noxious stimulation were more in the arthritic rat (30/60) than in the normal rat (9/46) (P less than 0.01), and there was no statistical significant different for population of non-nociceptive neurons between two groups. (2). Nociceptive responses of Pf neurons (n = 16) could be markedly inhibited by EA at Xuanzhong (G39) and Kunlun (B60) in acute arthritic rat. In particular, the inhibitory effect was of great significance (P less than 0.01) during 0-10 and 20-35 minutes following cessation of EA. These results suggest that rats were hyperalgesic during adjuvant-induced acute arthritis and EA produces a fine analgesic effect in acute arthritic rats. The results also support the view that adjuvant-induced acute arthritic rat can be considered as a model for research of pain and analgesia.
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PMID:[Changes in responses of parafascicular nuclei during adjuvant-induced acute arthritis and effect of acupuncture in the rat]. 211 12

This study on the effects of capsaicin on primary afferents from normal knee joints of the cat was performed to further elucidate the mechanisms of articular pain evoked by an acute arthritis and by chemical irritants. It showed that close i.a. bolus injection of capsaicin (10(-7)-10(-4) M) excites most fine articular afferents (conduction velocity less than or equal to 11.3 m/s) whereas fast units are not excited. Fine afferents with low to medium thresholds to knee joint movement are less readily excited by capsaicin than high threshold ones. The response to capsaicin is usually a rapid burst of impulses of a very short latency. This response pattern differs considerably from that seen after application of endogenous substances produced in inflammation. Thus capsaicin seems to differ in its mode of action from that of endogenous algesic substances.
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PMID:Effects of capsaicin on articular afferents of the cat's knee joint. 321 96

We evaluated musculoskeletal complaints related to arthropathy in 28 patients with end stage renal failure receiving maintenance dialysis. Twenty-three of 28 patients had arthritic complaints and 14 had an arthropathy. Six of 14 patients with arthropathy had a pattern resembling calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease, 4 patients had moderately severe osteoarthritis, 3 had calcific periarthritis, and 1 patient had acute arthritis with intermittent pain and swelling. Factors which predispose to metabolic arthropathies were observed as follows: 29% elevated ferritin; 39% history of hyperparathyroidism; 68% elevated parathormone; 54% hyperphosphatemia; 36% hypercalcemia, 29% HLA haplotypes A3, B7, or B14; and 60% hyperaluminemia. The arthropathy group had more abnormalities per patient (mean 3.6) than the group without arthropathy (mean 2.7) (p less than 0.05). Our data suggest that (1) arthritic complaints occur frequently in patients receiving dialysis; (2) arthropathy accounted for 61% of the complaints; (3) 43% of patients with arthropathy had CPPD-type; (4) renal osteodystrophy caused 17% of arthritic complaints; and (5) in patients receiving dialysis, there is a high incidence of metabolic abnormalities that are known to be associated with arthropathy.
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PMID:Musculoskeletal symptoms related to arthropathy in patients receiving dialysis. 323 May 70

In the last two decades, considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of pain. Studies correlating subjective magnitude estimations of pain in man with activity in single nerve fibers in experimental animals, and microneurographic recordings in awake humans, have provided convincing evidence for the role of specific nociceptors and labelled lines for signalling pain sensation in the normal skin. The response properties of the different types of nociceptive afferents, both myelinated and unmyelinated, from skin, muscle, and joints make them ideal candidates for signalling pain sensations. Cutaneous inflammation from any cause results in hyperalgesia. Cutaneous hyperalgesia at the site of an injury, i.e., primary hyperalgesia, can be explained by sensitization of nociceptors. This sensitization is likely due to local release of chemical mediators in the inflamed area. The metabolites of arachidonic acid (eicasonoids) and bradykinin appear to play an important role in the sensitization of nociceptors. Similar inflammation-induced changes in response properties of fine articular afferents might explain the pain of acute arthritis. The neuropeptide substance P released from primary afferents may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. The mechanism of hyperalgesia in the region surrounding the injury, i.e., secondary hyperalgesia, is less well understood, and probably results from changes both in the peripheral and central nervous systems. While considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of acute pain, the pathophysiology of most chronic pain states is still unclear. We hope that future studies in experimental animals, and careful psychophysical testing and microneurographic recordings in chronic pain patients, will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of pain.
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PMID:Peripheral mechanisms of somatic pain. 328 12


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