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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report 11 cases of bacterial endocarditis with muscular and articular manifestations seen over the past ten years. There was arthralgia in 7 cases, vertebral pain in 7 cases and myalgia in 3 cases. Arthritis consisted of a monoarthritis of the ankle in 2 cases and oligoarthritis in 2 cases. There were also 2 cases of lumbar spondylodiscitis and 1 of finger clubbing in the series. The underlying heart disease was a valvular lesion of the left side of the heart in 10 cases out of 11 and the organism isolated by blood culture was a streptococcus in 9 cases and a staphylococcus in 11. We emphasis the need for early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy, in the absence of which the course may be fatal in the short term, as it was the case in one of our own patients.
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PMID:[Articular and muscular manifestations of bacterial endocarditis. 11 cases (author's transl)]. 74 39

Neuropeptides in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pain and neurogenic inflammation in experimental and clinical arthritis. Recently we demonstrated increased levels of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) confined to innervating DRG in adjuvant-mediated monoarthritis. We have now investigated whether changes in peptide content are reflected in altered neuropeptide gene expression and the time course involved. Using in situ hybridization we found marked increases in expression of beta-preprotachykinin (PPT; 81 +/- 24% rise) and alpha-CGRP (44 +/- 6% rise) mRNAs in innervating (ipsilateral L5) DRG neurones only. These increases occurred at the onset of acute inflammation (8 h) and persisted until chronic arthritis developed after 14 days. There were no changes in the proportion of DRG neurones expressing PPT or CGRP mRNAs. Messenger RNA encoding vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was not induced. These data suggest that increased synthesis of PPT and CGRP peptides in DRG may play a role in the pathogenesis both of adjuvant-mediated acute inflammation and chronic arthritis.
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PMID:Increased expression of preprotachykinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, but not vasoactive intestinal peptide messenger RNA in dorsal root ganglia during the development of adjuvant monoarthritis in the rat. 128 Dec 53

Freund's adjuvant induced polyarthritis in rats has been used extensively to study pain processes of long duration. There are limitations of this model for chronic studies of pain/arthritis since the severe systemic changes provoke ethical concerns and also affect behaviour, physiology and biochemistry. Attempts to limit adjuvant-induced arthritis by plantar injection of the inoculum have been made. In this model, however, the process evolved to produce widespread polyarthritis if followed for the 6-plus-weeks necessary for chronic studies. Therefore, although it offers the researcher a reliable limited model of inflammation and nociception at the outset, for longer studies it may have all the disadvantages of the polyarthritic rat. The purpose of the present study was to produce a limited arthritic process in rats, stable over 6 weeks and suitable for behavioural and neurochemical studies of various chronic pain treatment methods. Injection (0.05 ml) of complete adjuvant containing 300 micrograms Mycobacterium butyricum in the tibio-tarsal joint produces a predictable monoarthritis, stable clinically and behaviourly from weeks 2 through 6 post injection. As revealed by clinical observations and X-ray examinations, the arthritis produced was limited anatomically, pronounced, prolonged and stable. A marked increase in sensitivity to paw pressure was seen in the affected limb. Animals gained weight and remained active, indicating little systemic disturbance as opposed to polyarthritic rats. We propose this limited model of arthritis as a suitable alternative to the polyarthritic rat for prolonged studies.
Pain 1992 Jan
PMID:A limited arthritic model for chronic pain studies in the rat. 173 77

We have recently developed, in the rat, a model with a limited arthritic process for chronic pain studies. Intra-articular injection (0.05 ml) of complete adjuvant containing 300 micrograms Mycobacterium butyricum in the tibio-tarsal joint produces a predictable monoarthritis stable clinically and behaviourly from weeks 2 through 6 post-injection. This model appears to be a suitable alternative for the polyarthritic rat for chronic studies based on both its ethical and scientific advantages. In the present work we report results of experiments on the effects of exercise on the pain behaviour and development of arthritis in this model. A group of rats prepared with the above protocol was submitted at 2 weeks post-inoculation to mild exercise (swimming [water 37 degrees C] three times per week) increasing from 5 to 15 min during 4 weeks. As revealed by analyses of the arthritis score, the stiffness score and the mobility score, no aggravation of arthritis occurred in these rats. However the threshold for struggle in response to paw pressure was further decreased (as compared to control arthritic rats) in these animals. These results are discussed in view of observations made in human studies.
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PMID:Increase in "pain sensitivity" induced by exercise applied during the onset of arthritis in a model of monoarthritis in the rat. 181 43

Plant thorn synovitis (PTS) is an uncommon cause of monoarthritis. Seven cases of PTS were identified at our institution from January 1979 to July 1990, six of whom were men. Mean age was 27 years (range, 7 to 56 years). Symptoms included pain, swelling, and stiffness. Synovitis was present on examination along with decreased range of motion of affected joints in all patients. Roentgenograms were unremarkable in five patients, but disclosed demineralization in two others. Initial conservative treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, or splinting was usually unsuccessful; surgery was necessary in six patients. Findings included marked inflammatory synovial reactions with evidence of retained thorn in all patients. One patient had a positive operative wound culture (Enterobacter agglomerans) without evidence of osteomyelitis. All patients improved after surgery without sequelae. Despite a history suggesting thorn injury in many cases, diagnosis was often delayed; mean time to diagnosis was 10 weeks (range, 2 weeks to 9 months). PTS must be included in the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis. Histologically, PTS can mimic sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, or fungal infection. Optimal treatment of PTS is arthrotomy, foreign body removal, and extensive synovectomy.
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PMID:Plant thorn synovitis: an uncommon cause of monoarthritis. 194

The effect of acute and repeated exposure to ethanol on endogenous opioid peptides level in rats was studied. Acute ethanol administration decreased beta-endorphin level in hypothalamus and anterior lobe of pituitary as well as alpha-neoendorphin in the spinal cord. In contrast, repeated ethanol treatment increased hypothalamic beta-endorphin content and did not affect the peptide level in the pituitary. No changes in alpha-neoendorphin and dynorphin level after repeated ethanol administration were observed. Exposure of rats to long-term noxious stimuli by means of induction of monoarthritis prevented the increase in hypothalamic beta-endorphin level by repeated ethanol treatment. As measured by tail-flick test only the first two administrations of ethanol resulted in analgesia. Further administration of increasing doses of ethanol did not affect the pain threshold. Altered response of endogenous opioid systems to repeated ethanol treatment as compared with effects of its acute administration may suggest involvement of these systems in development of tolerance to ethanol.
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PMID:The effects of ethanol treatment on endogenous opioid peptides level and analgesia in monoarthritic rats. 209 95

Involvement of the musculoskeletal system in 50 Lyme borreliosis patients seen in Czechoslovakia is described. Thirty-three patients reported tick bites or that they had removed a tick, four patients had been bitten by some other insect. Skin reaction following tick bite were found in 29 patients. Neurologic involvements have been described in 40 subjects. In one patient complete heart block developed after ECM, so that a permanent pacemaker was necessary for two weeks. Mainly three types of involvement of the musculoskeletal system were observed, mostly as intermittent episodes of arthralgia or migratory musculoskeletal pain. In 37 patients brief attacks of monoarthritis or asymmetrical oligoarthritis were seen, chiefly of intermittent subacute course. Chronic arthritis was diagnosed in seven cases, sacroiliitis in four patients. The authors discuss differential diagnosis, especially in patients with chronic joint involvement.
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PMID:Joint manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in Czechoslovakian patients. 223 60

The epidemic of chronic upper limb pain is the most important and controversial issue in industrial rheumatology in Australia today. Two hundred and twenty-nine consecutive patients referred with chronic upper limb pain which had been labelled "repetitive strain injury" or "overuse syndrome" were assessed according to a protocol designed to give insight into the questions: Is the pain genuine or falsely reported, i.e., malingering? If genuine is it due to a physical injury, a pain syndrome, or a mixture of both? Twenty-nine patients fulfilled criteria for specific rheumatological diagnoses (fibrositis 15, rotator cuff syndrome 3, rheumatoid arthritis 3, cervical referred pain 3, lateral epicondylitis 2, de Quervain's tenosynovitis 1, carpal tunnel syndrome 1, and psoriatic monoarthritis 1). In the remaining 200 (mean age 37 years, range 19-58, 91.5% female) many different pain patterns and nonspecific associated symptoms were recorded. Eighty-nine percent had greater than or equal to 2 Smythe tender points, 1.5% had 1 tender point, and 9.5% had no tender point. Diffuse pain and greater than 7 tender points is sufficient to diagnose fibrositis, and localized pain and a smaller number of tender points strongly suggests a genuine chronic rheumatic pain syndrome. Stress, personal susceptibility and poor motivation appeared important in some cases. The liberal workers' compensation system, early labeling as repetitive strain injury, and social acceptability appeared important in the development of the epidemic.
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PMID:Chronic upper limb pain syndrome (repetitive strain injury) in the Australian workforce: a systematic cross sectional rheumatological study of 229 patients. 297 31

1. Monoarthritis was induced in Lewis rats by interdermal injection in the left hind paw of a suspension of Mycobacterium tubercolusis in mineral oil (500 micrograms 100 microliters-1). Controls were injected with 100 microliters mineral oil. 2. Withdrawal latencies to thermal stimuli of the inflamed paw, the contralateral and both paws of control rats were measured at daily intervals after injection by the plantar test. 3. After detection of the pain threshold, rat spinal cords were removed and horizontal dorsal slices were mounted in a 3-compartment bath to measure electrically-evoked release of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI). 4. The inflamed paw of monoarthritic rats exhibited a lower pain threshold to thermal stimuli than the contralateral paw of the same animals and both paws of control rats. Inflamed paw hyperalgesia was maximal two days after injection, and declined gradually between 7 to 21 days with no evidence of excitability of withdrawal reflexes after 28 days. 5. During the 28 days study, monoarthritic rats gained less weight than control rats. 6. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal roots attached to rat isolated spinal cord slices induced a significant increase (174 +/- 18% of basal outflow which was 30.3 fmol 8 ml-1, n = 5) in SP-LI release. 7. One-week after induction of inflammation no differences in the amount of SP-LI released from the spinal cord of incomplete Freund's adjuvant-treated rats (IFA) and Freund's adjuvant-treated rats (CFA) were detected. Two weeks after, CFA spinal cord tended to release more SP-LI than IFA cords and, 21 days after injection, the spinal cord of CFA rats released significantly more peptide than IFA rats (17.8 +/- 2.8 fmol ml-1, n = 12 and 6.9 +/- 3.2 fmol ml-1, n = 9, respectively).8. Twenty-one days after treatment, the evoked release from monoarthritic rat spinal cords was increased by 263 + 42% (n = 3) in the presence of the GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP 36742 (100 micro M)which also significantly potentiated monoarthritis-induced hyperalgesia up to 45 min after injection(100 mgkg-1, i.p.).9. These findings may provide a basis for a novel approach to chronic pain therapy but also an explanation for the lack of analgesia produced by the GABAB agonist, baclofen, in chronic as compared to acute pain.
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PMID:Spinal cord SP release and hyperalgesia in monoarthritic rats: involvement of the GABAB receptor system. 753 91

The question whether opioids relieve neuropathic pain remains a controversial issue. Experimental as well as clinical studies report contradictory results. This study investigated the consumption of fentanyl, a short-acting opioid, in rats with neuropathic pain, induced by partial sciatic nerve injury. The experiment consisted of a drug choice procedure in which the animals could choose between a solution containing 0.008 mg/ml of fentanyl and a highly palatable sweet solution. It was reasoned that if opioids have an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain, this will reinforce the intake of fentanyl more so in rats with neuropathic pain than in pain-free controls. This protocol was previously already used by Colpaert et al. (1982) in a rat model of chronic pain of nociceptive origin, namely polyarthritis. No significant differences were found in the relative oral intake of the fentanyl solution in mononeuropathic and pain-free control rats. In contrast, rats with nociceptive pain, adjuvant monoarthritis, drank significantly more of the fentanyl solution than did control rats. These data give experimental support for the clinical findings that opioids have a poor analgesic effect in neuropathic pain.
Pain 1995 Feb
PMID:The consumption of fentanyl is increased in rats with nociceptive but not with neuropathic pain. 874 Jun 22


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