Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pathognomonic changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) have gradually been described during the last decade. They support spreading cortical depression as the mechanism underlying the migraine aura but are not the direct cause of pain since they are absent in migraine without aura and are present in migraine aura without pain. Dilatation of intra- and extracranial arteries, on the other hand, takes place in both forms of migraine and seem closely associated to the pain. Dilatation and perivascular nociceptor sensitization may, very likely, be caused by neuropeptides and monoamines released from perivascular nerves and/or mast cells.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral blood flow in migraine with aura. 149 15

For several years, cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies have been fueling the controversy surrounding the pathophysiology of migraine headache. The earliest studies focused mainly on migraine with aura (MA+) and provided evidence in support of the classical hemodynamic theory: a decrease in blood flow during the aura is followed by reactive vasodilation during the headache phase. Studies in migraine without aura (MA-), although less numerous, consistently demonstrated an increase in CBF during the attack. Olesen et al., gave rise to a heated debate by suggesting that hemodynamic manifestations are different in MA+ and MA-; in their view, CBF remains unchanged in MA-, whereas MA+ is associated with a wave of posterior blood flow deficiency which slowly spreads forwards in a manner reminiscent of experimental spreading depression; they interpret this hemodynamic pattern as evidence that the attack is mainly caused by a neural mechanism rather than a vascular spasm. This concept of MA- with no hemodynamic changes suggests that the pathophysiology of MA- may be completely different from that of MA+. However, most studies using stationary detectors or single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with Xenon 133 or HMPAO as the tracer have demonstrated increased CBF during migraine attacks. The increase was not correlated with the side of the pain suggesting that vasodilatation is not the only cause of the pain. Current data do not seem to support the view that MA- and MA+ are different pathophysiologic entities; whether the mechanism of the attack is neural or vascular cannot be determined on the basis of CBF data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Cerebral blood flow in migraine without aura]. 149 16

The past decade has seen important progress in understanding the localization, pharmacology, and function of serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes. At least seven subclasses have been shown to exist, and evidence is emerging to suggest further subclassification. Serotonin is involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g. feeding, sleep, pain, sexual behavior, temperature regulation) and pathophysiological ones. Serotonin reuptake blockers have been found effective in the alleviation of depression and attacks of panic, and are at varying stages of clinical evaluation in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, chronic pain, and bulimia nervosa. Selective potent serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists show promise in the treatment of migraine, nausea and vomiting, schizophrenia, anxiety, hypertension, and Raynaud's disease.
 ...
PMID:[New therapeutic possibilities with drugs affecting serotonin receptors]. 150 27

New developments defining the relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin)1B and 5-HT1D receptors are reviewed and a novel pain control system involving spinal 5-HT3 receptors is described. The emerging roles of 5-HT receptor mechanisms in migraine and in the craving for alcohol are discussed.
 ...
PMID:5-HT in nervous system disease and migraine. 151 90

In a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of a general population, headache disorders were diagnosed according to a structured interview and a neurological examination using the criteria of the International Headache Society. The prevalences and sex distribution of the primary headache disorders were assessed, and characteristics of and interrelationships between different types of headache were analyzed. Severity and frequency of migraine attacks were not correlated, indicating that the migraine attack is an all-or-none phenomenon triggered with an individually variable threshold. Tension-type headache, in contrast, showed increasing severity with increasing frequency, indicating that it is a graded phenomenon. In the previous year, 6% had migraine without aura (previously called "common migraine") and 4% had migraine with aura (previously called "classic migraine"); 63% had episodic tension-type headache and 3% chronic tension-type headache. In women, migraine without aura was twice as prevalent as migraine with aura; in men, an opposite trend emerged. In migraine without aura, pain was more severe than in migraine with aura. Tension-type headache in migraineurs was not significantly more prevalent than in nonmigraineurs and, except for greater frequency and severity, it did not deviate nosographically from pure tension-type headache. Our results support the contention that migraine and tension-type headache are distinct entities, contradict the so-called continuum-severity model, and indicate that the terms combination headache, mixed headache, and interval headache should be avoided.
 ...
PMID:Interrelations between migraine and tension-type headache in the general population. 835 61

In a cross-sectional study of headache disorders in a representative general population of 1,000 persons the epidemiology of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) was analysed in relation to sex and age distribution, symptomatology and precipitants. The headache disorders were classified on the basis of a clinical interview as well as a physical and a neurological examination using the operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). Lifetime prevalence of MA was 5%, male:female ratio 1:2. Lifetime prevalence of MO was 8%, M:F ratio 1:7. Women, but not men, were significantly more likely to have MO than MA. Neither MA nor MO showed correlation to age in the studied age interval (25-64 years). Premonitory symptoms occurred in 16% of subjects with MA and in 12% with MO. One or more precipitating factor was present in 61% with MA and in 90% with MO. In both MA and MO the most conspicuous precipitating factor was stress and mental tension. Visual disturbances were the most common aura phenomenon occurring in 90% of subjects with MA. Aura symptoms of sensory, motor or speech disturbances rarely occurred without coexisting visual disturbances. The pain phase of MA fulfilled the criteria for MO of the IHS. Headache was, however, less severe and shorter lasting in MA than in MO. Onset at menarche, menstrual precipitation, menstrual problems, influence of pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives all showed some relationship with the presence of MO and less with MA. The present findings suggest that MA and MO share the pain phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Migraine with aura and migraine without aura: an epidemiological study. 152 97

Patients with chronic daily headaches are commonly encountered in headache specialty centers but their clinical characteristics have rarely been documented. We studied 100 consecutive patients with chronic daily headache to determine their presenting characteristics and other associated features. Half of the patients described their headache as a steady ache but throbbing pain was reported in about one third. About half estimated the degree of pain as moderate but one third claimed the typical pain was severe. A consistently unilateral site was noted in only 2 percent. Associated features characteristic of migraine were often noted: Including photophobia (37 percent), photophobia (42 percent), and nausea (24 percent). Many also reported aggravating and ameliorating factors commonly associated with migraine. We conclude that the manifestations of chronic daily headache are extremely diverse, probably reflecting the heterogeneous mechanisms which underlie this condition.
 ...
PMID:Clinical features of chronic daily headache. 152 62

This study investigated the relationship between minor life events (i.e. daily hassles) and personality patterns from selected scales of MMPI in the persistence of primary headache in 83 patients. Comparisons between headache subgroups indicated that tension-type headache patients are much more likely than those with migraine to have experienced high level of microstress (hassles density), with mixed headache in between. Tension-type headache patients reported higher MMPI scores on scales 1, Hypochondriasis (somatic concern), scale 3, Hysteria (denial) and scale 7, Psychasthenia (anxiety), but not on scale 2 (Depression), than migrainous patients. In addition, individuals with high level of microstress appeared to be more depressed and anxious than low-stress headache patients, scoring significantly higher on MMPI scales 2 (Depression) and 7 (Psychasthenia). As no significant differences due to sex, age, headache history and status, except for the headache density (i.e. severity x frequency) appeared, it is likely that high-stress levels are due, at least in part, to greater density of pain, rather than to discrete headache syndromes. Our findings support the notion that depressed mood and anxiety may account for a third intervening variable in the relationship between chronic headache and life stress.
 ...
PMID:Minor stressful life events (daily hassles) in chronic primary headache: relationship with MMPI personality patterns. 152 63

The central theory of headache was investigated by examining pain sensitivity in headache sufferers and headache-free controls. Headache subjects had lower pain threshold and tolerance levels than controls for electrical stimulation of the finger. Headache subjects also had a lesser tolerance for pain induced by the application of ice to the temporal region, but there was no significant difference between groups on temporal ice pain threshold. Sensitivity to finger pain was not affected by the presence or absence of headache at the time of testing. No significant differences between tension and migraine subjects were observed; neither were headache subjects, reporting unilateral headaches, significantly more sensitive to temporal ice pain on the side affected by headache. It was concluded that headache sufferers may be more sensitive to pain than headache-free persons but, that this heightened sensitivity is not specific to the head, and in itself, seems unable to account for the locus of headache.
 ...
PMID:Pain sensitivity and headache: an examination of the central theory. 153 47

A survey was carried out among 940 employees in a mail administration building in Hamburg, Germany to determine the prevalence rates of headache and of migraine, based on several definitions. Headache symptoms were assessed by means of questionnaires, which were returned by 92% of the addressed persons and properly evaluable in 87.8%. When 3 out of the following 4 criteria a) occurrence of headaches in attacks b) unilaterality of pain c) preceding visual disturbances d) pulsating character were required to diagnose migraine, prevalence rate was low (5.3%). It rose dramatically when only 2 of these requirements had to be met (18.0%); based on the definition that 2 of a), b) or c) had to be fulfilled, the prevalence rates were 13.1% for females, 5.6% for males. There was no difference in frequency of migraine between the two large income classes of mail employees. In accordance with other studies we found that only 57.5% of migraine patients had ever consulted a doctor for their headache; only 13.7% had done so within the last half year.
 ...
PMID:Frequency of migraine among an unselected group of employees and variation of prevalence according to different diagnostic criteria. 155 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>