Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disturbances caused by lesions of the oral cavity play an important part in the alteration of the quality of life of cancer patients. The main complications affecting the oral cavity are infections (fungal, viral, bacterial), neutropenic ulcers, drug-induced stomatitis, dry mouth, and taste alteration. Most of the information available about these entities has been acquired in the cancer patient without advanced disease. The little knowledge about the epidemiology and physiopathology of such lesions in the advanced phase of cancer is presented, and approaches to management are suggested.
J Pain Symptom Manage 1989 Mar
PMID:Issues in symptom control. Part 4. Oral complications in patients with advanced cancer. 264 19

The burrowing asp, Atractaspis bibronii, causes a significant proportion of cases of snakebite near Empangeni, Natal. Data from 8 cases are presented. All were in rural Zulus, and the bites were usually inflicted on the foot during summer nights, in or near the patient's home. There was no sexual bias, but over 50% of the victims were under 14 years of age. Envenomation was mild, characterised by moderate to intense pain and localised swelling, regional lymphadenopathy with occasional discoloration, blistering or necrosis at the bite site. Neurological signs were absent, but symptoms of headache, painful eye movements, dry mouth and hoarseness were recorded. Minor haematological abnormalities were detected in a few patients. Treatment involved analgesics and limb elevation, with antibiotic cover and intravenous fluids when necessary. Antivenom is not effective and was not used. There were no deaths.
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PMID:Observations on the bite of the southern burrowing asp (Atractaspis bibronii) in Natal. 292 81

This study assessed and analyzed the early oral changes following chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. The most notable changes involved mucosal color (white and red), atrophy, vascularity, ulceration, increased salivary viscosity and xerostomia, and the patients' subjective complaints of dryness and oral pain. The ventral tongue, buccal and labial mucosa, and marginal gingiva manifested the most notable changes, while the palate was least affected. The overall trend was for the oral changes to begin slightly before transplantation, to worsen over the first 2 weeks after transplantation, and then to resolve progressively over the remainder of the study period. These oral changes appear to result from a number of insults, including the conditioning chemoradiotherapy, posttransplant immunosuppressive chemotherapy, xerostomia, local trauma, oral infections (especially those caused by HSV), and possibly acute GVHD. Oral HSV infection and/or acute GVHD should especially be considered if the oral status markedly worsens 21 days or more after transplant.
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PMID:Early oral changes following bone marrow transplantation. 304 5

Seventy patients with idiopathic syndromes were treated with maprotiline, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, or clomipramine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor in a 6-week, double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. Fifty-two patients completed the double-blind phase. Overall, 50% of the patients improved. Significant decreases were seen not only in the levels of pain but also in bodily discomfort, sadness an inner tension (determined by visual analogue scales, VAS). A decrease was also found in the frequency of sleep disturbances, intellectual and emotional inhibition, irritability, guilt feelings, retardation, sadness and suicidal ideas (observed ratings). Sixty-three percent of the subjects showed an overall improvement during treatment with clomipramine as compared to 36% during treatment with maprotiline (p less than 0.05). During clomipramine treatment significant decreases were seen on all the six VAS: sadness, bodily discomfort, inner tension, concentration difficulties, memory disturbances and pain. Bodily discomfort and pain were significantly reduced during maprotiline treatment. The effects produced by clomipramine were also significantly greater than the effects caused by maprotiline as concerns psychic anxiety and inhibition (VAS). The overall reduction in VAS was significantly greater with clomipramine when compared to maprotiline. The most important side effects were dry mouth (both drugs) and sweating (clomipramine). However, in the clomipramine group, 8 patients were excluded due to side effects as compared to 1 patient in the maprotiline group. Thus, the results indicate that antidepressants reduce not only pain but are also of clinical value in the treatment of patients with idiopathic pain syndromes. Drugs with pronounced effects on the serotonin reuptake are to be preferred.
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PMID:A double-blind randomized study of clomipramine versus maprotiline in patients with idiopathic pain syndromes. 305 23

Most drugs are ineffective for the long-term treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The beneficial effects of medical treatment of IBS are poor and last for only a relative short time. Over a period of 6 months, we investigated the effectiveness of cimetropium bromide, a new antimuscarinic compound, in patients with IBS. Forty-eight patients were treated at random and in double-blind fashion with cimetropium bromide (50 mg, tid) or placebo for 6 months. Personal diary cards and monthly check-ups guaranteed the monitoring of symptoms (mainly pain). In addition, personality patterns (MHQ-CBA tests) were obtained for the patients before and after therapy, both to detect possible psychoneurotic traits and to observe the changes in these traits in relation to the changes in pain symptoms. Three patients on placebo and one on cimetropium dropped out. At the end of therapy, pain scores had decreased an average of 16% in the placebo group and 87% in the cimetropium group (p less than 0.01). Twenty patients (87%) on cimetropium versus five patients (24%) on placebo considered themselves to be globally improved (p less than 0.01). The MHQ test showed significant improvement in the anxiety score in the cimetropium group only. The CBA test confirmed a significant decrease in anxiety state (STAI-X-1) after cimetropium treatment. Eleven patients (48%) on cimetropium reported side effects (mainly dry mouth and sleepiness), but none withdrew from the study. The results of this trial indicate that long-term treatment of IBS with cimetropium bromide significantly improves symptoms and associated psychological disorders.
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PMID:Oral cimetropium bromide, a new antimuscarinic drug, for long-term treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. 305 43

This study investigated an "old elderly" population and the relationships between the use of hyposalivatory drugs and denture function, including saliva flow rates and denture-supporting structures and health. There was a high prevalence of drug use and medical problems. Hyposalivatory drugs were prescribed for more than half of the subjects. There was a significant relationship between increased hyposalivatory drug use and reduced saliva flow rates. Reduced values for denture-supporting structures were found to be related to increased medical problems and hyposalivatory drug use. Reduced values for denture-supporting tissue health were found to be related to masticatory performance and retention and stability. Bite force showed a strong positive relationship with masticatory performance. Some of the subjective evaluations by the subjects showed statistically significant relationship with their respective objective measures: perceptions of dry mouth were related to saliva flow rates, perceptions of denture rocking or looseness were related to retention and stability ratings, and reports of pain on chewing were related to masticatory performance. It may be concluded that the use of drugs with hyposalivatory side effects may have a deleterious influence on the denture-bearing tissue. Direct influence on denture function, however, was not found. These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of drug usage in old age and their impact on oral health and denture function. Diagnostic and treatment capabilities are thus enhanced in that physicians, pharmacists, and other health-related professionals can be alerted to the problems accompanying hyposalivatory drug use. This may permit alternatives in medication when possible, and dentists may more effectively plan and conduct prosthodontic care for these individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The relationship of drug use to denture function and saliva flow rate in a geriatric population. 329 31

The purpose of this study was to determine if pirenzepine and cimetidine given together was superior to cimetidine alone in inducing healing of refractory duodenal ulcers which remained unhealed after treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine for at least eight weeks. One hundred and thirty one patients from six centres were randomised to receive either cimetidine (C) 800 mg daily or cimetidine 800 mg plus pirenzepine (C + P) 100 mg daily under double blind conditions for six weeks. The healing rate was similar in both groups, irrespective of the method of calculation. On an intent-to-treat analysis, healing was: C 66%, C + P 57%, and amongst the patients who completed treatment, healing was 70% in both groups. Patients on C and on C + P experienced a similar decrease in daytime and in night time pain. Side effects of treatment, notably dry mouth and blurred vision, were reported more often by patients on combination therapy. Combined treatment with cimetidine plus pirenzepine in patients with refractory duodenal ulcer is unlikely to be beneficial.
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PMID:Combined anti-muscarinic and H2 receptor blockade in the healing of refractory duodenal ulcer. A double blind study. 332 55

One hundred consecutive patients, 74 women and 26 men, aged between 18 and 83 years (mean = 54.8 years), referred with complaints related to oral galvanism were investigated and treated and the treatment results were evaluated after 2-3 years. Forty of the patients reported facial pain, pain from the teeth, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and masticatory muscles and TMJ clicking and locking and 26 reported headache. Smarting in the oral mucosa, smarting of the tongue and xerostomia were reported by 26, 21 and 24 patients, respectively, and 30 patients reported an unpleasant taste, a metallic taste or a battery taste. The same patient often reported several symptoms. The patients also reported various general symptoms, above all joint symptoms, pain in the back, neck and shoulders and general muscular pain but also tiredness, weakness, difficulty in concentrating, depression and insomnia. After clinical and radiological examination, salivary tests, determination of the maximum galvanic current at metallic contacts and screening for contact allergy to dental materials, various oral diagnoses could be established. Most of the patients exhibited functional disturbances of the masticatory system, periodontitis, smarting of the oral mucosa, xerostomia, pulpitis and pulpal necrosis and mucosal lesions. The medical illnesses the patients reported themselves to be suffering from or had been treated for included cardiovascular disorders, high and low blood pressure, asthma, rheumatic disorders, diabetes, pernicious anaemia, gastritis and peptic ulcer. Seventy-six patients took drugs regularly. In most cases there were several oral, dental and medical explanations for the symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Results obtained from patients referred for the investigation of complaints related to oral galvanism. 345 16

A study was carried out to compare the clinical features of 102 subjects suffering from burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and 43 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In comparison with those in the control group, the BMS subjects reported a significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth, thirst, taste and sleep disturbances, headaches, nonspecific health problems, pain complaints, and severe menopausal symptoms, but no significant differences in other oral or dental features or in the prevalence of candidiasis infection. In addition, there was no hematologic evidence of a nutritional disturbance in more than 90% of the BMS subjects tested, but immunologic abnormalities and an elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were found in more than 58% and 63% of the BMS subjects, respectively. These findings demonstrate those features which distinguish BMS subjects from age- and sex-matched control subjects but provide no confirmatory evidence for many of the etiologic factors frequently suggested for BMS.
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PMID:Clinical features of burning mouth syndrome. 346 64

Thirty patients who received bone marrow transplantation treatment from HLA identical sibling donors for immunologic and malignant diseases were studied. In essentially all of the patients oral changes developed during the first 30 days following transplant. Oral symptoms frequently constituted the major complaints of the patients during the follow-up period. The oral changes included mucositis, xerostomia, pain, and bleeding. Mucositis was more severe and of longer duration when associated with herpes simplex infections and when optimal oral hygiene was not maintained. Xerostomia which accompanies engraftment was an early sign of acute graft-versus-host disease. A nonbrushing method of oral hygiene was effective in reducing the severity and duration of mucositis. This technique offers a short-term alternative to brushing in pancytopenic patients who are susceptible to bleeding or trauma.
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PMID:Oral mucositis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. 390 98


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