Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vulvodynia, defined as vulval pain, soreness or burning as opposed to itching or pruritus, is a common and important problem. Although not a sexually transmitted disease, it often presents to physicians working in that field. The main groups of vulvodynia are those where the symptoms are the consequence of an active dermatosis or infection, and those where it is not attributable to such conditions. In the latter group, the patients fall into two main categories: those of dysesthetic vulvidynia, with constant unprovoked pain, and vulval vestibulitis, with pain provoked by attempted vaginal entry. The recent realization that dysesthetic vulvodynia and vulval vestibulitis may be regarded as pain syndromes is proving a fruitful concept as regards both theory and management of these troublesome conditions.
 ...
PMID:Vulvodynia. Theory and management. 989 79

41 sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients aged 16-65 years of mean age 29.8 years in urban Ado-Ekiti were interviewed about their knowledge of STDs, their health-care seeking behavior, and the type and quality of health care services received from their health care providers. 54% were aged 20-30 years, 73% were male, 44% were currently married, and all had some formal education. 20 were recruited from private hospitals and clinics, 13% from pharmaceutical shops, 2 from chemist or patent medicine stores, 1 from a traditional treatment home, and 5 from mission hospitals. No success was had in recruiting patients from the only government health facility in the area. Gonorrhea was reported by 59% of respondents and syphilis by 19%, the major STDs reported overall and subsequently treated. Candida, dysuria, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, trichomoniasis, and STD-related problems were also reported. Respondents reported experiencing pain, burning sensation, discharges, itching, and open sores. Most sought treatment within 7 days of noticing the symptoms, typically from other health institutions before coming to the institutions in which they were interviewed. Respondents sought treatment at a second institution because of their dissatisfaction with perceived poor quality service at the first facility. While attended by modern doctors while looking for a cure, the patients in most cases received only physical examinations since laboratory facilities were non-existent or inadequate. Treatment was mainly chemotherapy, involving antibiotics and analgesics. The health providers also counseled the patients and most reported being satisfied with the quality of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Health-seeking behaviour of STD patients in an urban area of southwest Nigeria: an exploratory study. 1016 52

With the use of more intensive antiretroviral therapies (highly-active antiretroviral therapy, HAART) particularly in first world countries, reductions in the mortality and morbidity of HIV infection are being seen. However, though the prevalence of symptoms may change, symptom control does continue to be a problem for many people with HIV, particularly as their disease progresses. This is the second of 2 CME articles about palliative care and HIV infection. The first gave a background to palliative care, and covered symptom control of pain. This article gives suggestions for the treatment of common gastrointestinal symptoms in HIV infection; nausea and vomiting, cachexia and anorexia and chronic diarrhoea.
Int J STD AIDS 1999 Aug
PMID:Palliative care and AIDS: 2--Gastrointestinal symptoms. 1047 Oct 98

27 year old Melinda presents to you with increasingly severe dysmenorrhoea. She has been using condoms for contraception and is no longer able to control the pain with the anti inflammatory tablets you suggested at the last consultation 6 months ago. She also complains of the recent development of deep dyspareunia. She has been in her current relationship for the last 5 years. Examination illicits similar pain and tenderness to that which she feels during intercourse. A Pap smear and STD screen are normal. You refer her to a gynaecologist who undertakes a laparoscopy on Melinda. What is seen? Ovarian adhesions secondary to endometriosis (Figure 1). Classic endometriosis (Figure 2).
 ...
PMID:Endometriosis. 1056 95

Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization was examined in paired cervical and introital specimens from 56 untreated HIV-seropositive women. Specimens were tested for U. urealyticum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peripheral blood was examined for CD4 lymphocyte counts and HIV RNA concentration. U. urealyticum was detected in the cervix of 38 (69.1%) women. Introital U. urealyticum was present in 16 (28.6%) women, all of whom were cervical-positive. Cervical motion pain was present in 40.0% of women with U. urealyticum in the introitus and cervix, 23.8% of those with only cervical U. urealyticum and 5.9% of women negative for this organism (P=0.03). There was no relation between U. urealyticum colonization and CD4 lymphocyte count. However, 64.3% of women with introital U. urealyticum had circulating HIV RNA levels > 10,000 copies per ml as compared with 28.6% of women with only cervical U. urealyticum and 7.1% of women negative for this organism (P < 0.01).
Int J STD AIDS 2000 Mar
PMID:Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization in the vaginal introitus and cervix of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. 1072 42

In Japan, male genital herpes is the third popular male STD, the most popular one being gonococcal infection and the second chlamydial infection. As specific clinical findings, superficial ulcer lesions with pain are formed in the genital area, especially in the prepuce. After HSV infection in genital mucocutaneous sites, viral particles are transported to the neurons. The state of subsequent HSV infection from external genitalia to the neurons is known as latent infection. 76% of our cases of the first episode of genital herpes infection were caused by HSV-2, and most of the recurrent episodes was caused by HSV-2. Oral acyclovir administration for five to ten days has shortened the treatment period, although about 20 days were required without any treatment. The remaining problems are, asymptomatic HSV shedding, severe infections in immunocompromised patients, transmission of HSV to sex partners and vertical infection to neonates.
 ...
PMID:[Alpha-herpes virus infections--male genital herpes]. 1077 9

Background: Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted disease in adolescents. It may be associated with significant morbidity if not diagnosed on time or not properly treated. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of labial adhesion secondary to primary herpes in young women and the possible predisposing factors for this complication.Methods: Analysis of the clinical data regarding primary genital herpes in young women in the adolescent clinic at a university hospital in outpatient clinic setting. Cases of primary genital herpes seen between December 1(st) 1998 and November 30(th) 1999 were included.Results: A total of 34 female adolescents with age range 12-19 years were diagnosed with primary genital herpes during this time period. 7 patients (20.6%) were found to have severe labial adhesion at time of diagnosis. All 7 patients were seen by other providers prior to their visit to the adolescent clinic and 4 were correctly diagnosed. All 7 patients were given antiviral therapy, but none was given local treatment. At time of diagnosis all 7 patients had anuria for more than 24 hours and severe pain and discomfort. 3 patients had Diabetes Mellitus (one of these was also pregnant) and one patient had asthma. The age range for these 7 patients was 13-17. Treatment with local anesthetics helped resolve the adhesion in 5 patients and surgical treatment was needed in the remaining two patients.Conclusion: Labial adhesion is a common, severe complication of primary genital herpes in young women. Very young age, chronic medical conditions, incorrect diagnosis and lack of topical treatment may predispose to the development of this complication. Use of topical therapy should be an integral part of the comprehensive treatment for primary genital herpes in female adolescents to alleviate discomfort and prevent urinary retention and labial adhesion.
 ...
PMID:Labial adhesion as a complication of primary genital herpes in young women 1086 85

To design and apply a multi-method promotional package for enhancing awareness and knowledge on STD and AIDS among ITI trainees, and evaluate its impact, an intervention study, using pre and post assessment of the subjects for comparison was carried out. The study was carried out in the Industrial Training Institute (ITI), in a resettlement colony of Delhi. Urethral/vaginal discharge, genital ulcer and pain on micturition were identified as symptoms of STD by a significantly higher number of respondents in the post package sample. A sizable number of subjects included inguinal swelling and lower abdominal pain also as STD symptoms. The IEC intervention showed a significant improvement in knowledge about all four major routes of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Using condoms and avoiding sex with Commercial Sex Workers were reported as measures to prevent STD/AIDS by a significantly higher number of subjects after the intervention. A sizable number of subjects also included other measures (using safe blood/not sharing needles etc.) as well. There was a significant decline in the subjects preferring self treatment or treatment from a chemist shop in case one suffered with an STD. A significant increase was observed in those preferring treatment from govt. facilities or private allopathic doctors. However, the intervention did not seem to result in preference for alternative systems of medicine. The study demonstrated that exposure to intensive promotional intervention, even for a brief period can significantly raise awareness and knowledge of young people even on sensitive topics like STD and AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Impact of a multi-method promotional package on awareness and knowledge about STD and AIDS among the trainees of an industrial training institute in a resettlement colony of Delhi, India. 1093 96

Chronic vulval pain can have multi-factorial causes. One of its leading causes, vulvar vestibulitis, is reviewed. A study of vulvar vestibulitis-its epidemiology, aetiology, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment is undertaken. More research is needed on this condition as it is important to make an accurate diagnosis and thus raise awareness before providing proper treatment.
Int J STD AIDS 2000 Sep
PMID:Vulvar vestibulitis: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. 1099 95

In the past decade, attention has shifted from family planning (often made available through population programs) to reproductive health--a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters related to the reproductive system and its function and processes. Reproductive health has three components: the ability to procreate, regulate fertility and enjoy sex; the successful outcome of pregnancy through infant and child survival and growth; and the safety of the reproductive process. According to Mitchell et al., the following are key elements in a reproductive health program: (a) Family planning services that offer complete and accurate information about all contraceptive methods and that make contraceptive services, supplies and counseling accessible. (b) Antenatal care, which research suggests lowers rates of maternal mortality. (c) Safe delivery services, so that all women deliver under some type of supervised care and so that referral systems are established to provide emergency treatment of life-threatening complications of delivery. (d) Postnatal care that contributes to a woman's ability to have a speedy and complete recovery from the stress of pregnancy and childbirth, to enjoy sexual relations without pain and to have safe pregnancies and deliveries in the future. (e) Management of the complications of abortion where safe abortions are not available. (f) Infertility services that enable women to achieve their reproductive goals; and effective screening for or control of reproductive tract infections (RTIs), because RTIs are the most common preventable cause of involuntary infertility and ectopic pregnancy, as well as of chronic pelvic pain and recurrent infection. (g) Management and treatment of systemic sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as HIV and hepatitis B. (h) Symptomatic treatment of urinary tract infections. (i) Detection and treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers, such as cervical cancer. (j) Attention to and treatment of dysmenorhea, which in some cases is the first sign of other problems, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, fibroids, endometrial cancer and ectopic pregnancy. (k) Nutritional supplementation to meet the special needs of adolescents, pregnant or lactating women, and women older than 50 years. (1) Services for menopause and other health problems that women encounter as they grow older. (m) Services for adolescents, including family planning and STD prevention and treatment. It shall be clear that many institutions delivering reproductive health services operate significantly below their physical capacity to see clients, and that much of the equipment required for expanding reproductive health services may already be available for use in family planning and other health services. In this context, we would therefore like to discuss the dynamics of IUDs.
 ...
PMID:The intrauterine device and its dynamics. 1099 94


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>