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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on a 33-year-old patient from Sri Lanka who had been suffering from recurrent episodes of abdominal cramps since he was ten years old. He additionally suffered from postprandial flatulence and an increased frequency of bowel movements. By the age of 24, his condition had worsened with polyuria and polydipsia and he was diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus. Recently, the patient's compliance deteriorated steadily and his diabetes mellitus was uncontrolled. His flatulence continued and he had six to seven bowel movements daily. He presented to us with renewed bouts of severe stomach cramps, similar to the painful episodes that the patient experienced in his youth. After exclusion of other etiologies and judging by the clinical picture, the patient's origin and the sonographically and radiologically verified pancreatic calcification, we rendered the diagnosis of a tropic calcifying pancreatitis with secondary diabetes mellitus. According to the literature, malignant neoplasia may develop on the basis of this disease. However, we were able to rule out a carcinoma as the cause of the current pain episodes in this patient based on clinical findings and course. We attributed the stomach cramps to compression of the common bile duct by the fibrotic head of pancreas. Pain and cholestasis regressed, thus obviating the need for surgical intervention (pancreaticojejunostomy). On therapy with enzyme substitution and insulin, the patient's exo- and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency was asymptomatic.
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PMID:[Chronic abdominal pain in a young diabetic patient]. 1111 10

Palliative treatment is often the only remaining option in the management of pancreatic carcinoma, but its efficacy is poor due to low tumor sensitivity and inadequate treatment protocols. There are several options of palliative treatment with antitumor or supportive intention. Classical end points of palliative treatment are survival, tumor response, and quality of life. A decade ago, palliative chemotherapy consisted mainly of 5-fluorouracil as the standard agent in combination with either other agents and/or radiotherapy. Only the new antineoplastic drug gemcitabine, which was introduced simultaneously with the definition of novel end points of chemotherapy such as clinical benefit, allowed to achieve some progress. However, while gemcitabine monotherapy appeared to be superior to 5-fluorouracil and improved important parameters of quality of life, it could not provide a significant improvement of survival. A novel concept, therefore, is to improve this beneficial cytostatic response in pancreatic carcinoma using a gemcitabine-based protocol by combining it with antineoplastic drugs such as taxanes or platin analogs. This strategy may have the potential to improve the outcome in palliative chemotherapy of pancreatic carcinoma patients with advanced tumor growth or metastases. Best supportive care in pancreatic cancer consists of the treatment of symptoms, such as pain, jaundice, duodenal obstruction, weight loss, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and tumor-associated depression.
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PMID:Current options for palliative treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer. 1138 53

Pancreatic diseases occur in patients of every age. Older individuals suffer more often from gallstone related acute pancreatitis, ischaemic and idiopathic acute pancreatitis, whereas alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis occurs only in a minority of cases. Similarly, alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis in elderly people is rare and late-onset idiopathic chronic pancreatitis is the most common form of the disease. This form of chronic pancreatitis is characterized by faster progression to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and less severe pain compared to the clinical picture found in younger patients. Ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which are responsible for more than 90% of exocrine pancreatic tumours, are typically a disease of the elderly patient. Today pancreatic resection still offers the only hope for cure and also can be performed safely in elderly patients. Age, by itself, is not a reason for withholding surgical intervention from an individual patient. Today, denial of pancreatic resection is much more likely to be based on severe co-morbidity.
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PMID:Pancreatic disease in the elderly. 1197 35

Although the three leading symptoms of chronic pancreatitis, pain, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, are well known, only a few long-term studies have correlated these symptoms with the natural course of the disease. Besides these symptoms, numerous pancreatic complications and/or pancreatitis-associated diseases may affect the course and determine the prognosis of chronic pancreatitis. Their influence, however, has not been studied in detail. This review has two major aims: The first one is to give an up-to-date survey of present knowledge on the natural course of the disease with a view to the leading symptoms under special consideration of how the duration of the disease, continual alcohol abuse as well as endoscopic procedures and surgical treatment affect pain. Included is also what is known about chronic pancreatitis as a precondition of pancreatic and extrapancreatic carcinoma. The effect of chronic pancreatitis on the socio-economic status of patients is discussed and the mortality rate of the disease. The second aim of this review is to stimulate pancreatologists from different centers to consolidate resources in order to perform larger controlled studies than any one single center can undertake and work out common criteria for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and follow-up of its course.
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PMID:Natural course of chronic pancreatitis. 1212 Feb 64

Chronic pancreatitis is a relentlessly progressive fibro inflammatory process which may eventually lead to pancreatic insufficiency. This study is done to review the various treatments for chronic pancreatitis and to analyze the clinical features, different etiological factors, comparing different clinical trials in India as well as western countries. One hundred and eight patients with the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis were included in this study from January 1996 to June 1999. In this present series, most of the patients presented in the 3rd and 4th decades of life. The most common presentation was recurrent episodes of pain in the epigastrium radiating to the back. Most patients are non-alcoholic and the etiological factor in this group may be attributed to the nutritional, idiopathic, hereditary etc, though the single most common etiological factor seemed to be alcohol. The most specific investigation to detect the presence of pancreatic calculi, pseudo cysts, and duct dilatation was ultrasonography. Among the drugs, antioxidant therapy found to have effective role in the conservative management. Puestow's lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is most commonly performed surgery which has good results.
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PMID:The clinical study of chronic pancreatitis. 1544 50

Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by recurrent or persisting pain. As the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency occurs early in the progression of the disease, the endocrine function may persist intact. Imaging procedures and pancreatic function tests are used to make a diagnosis. Therapy consists of pain reduction, which might require endoscopic or surgical intervention. Treatment of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency is based on diet and substitution of pancreatic enzymes, minerals and vitamins, as well as insulin.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis]. 1563 47

Chronic pancreatitis is one of conditions with a significant impact on quality of life of patients and is an important risk factor for carcinoma emergence. Currently we have a lot of fundamental evidence concerning etiopathogenic mechanisms of chronic pancreatitis genesis. Among conclusive etiology factors belong genetic influence, heredity or autoimmune influence. However, in majority of cases the disease is not diagnosed until diagnosis of manifesting stages is made both clinically and morphologically. In spite of it new very sensitive diagnostic methods appear to give precision to diagnostics, such as new generations of NMR appliances making possible not burdening diagnostic NMR cholangio-pancreatographies or the use of intraductar endosonographic probes. Therapy still consist of treatment of symptoms. A causal therapy, with exception of an obstructive form and autoimmune form, is unknown. Above all we treat pancreatic pain and regulate symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency through an application of a capsule with micropellets enabling controlled release of enzymes in the upper part of duodenum. Undoubtedly, in future a genetic treatment will be introduced and new drugs containing pancreatic enzymes developed, primarily from the viewpoint of use and stability of digestive pancreatic enzymes.
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PMID:[Chronic pancreatitis--a disease we can treat but cannot cure]. 1565 Nov 51

Chronic pancreatitis is a disease with a potentially severe evolution due to the pain altering life quality and to the possibility of causing exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Ultrasound represents the main imaging technique to be used in this disease since the identification of pancreatic calcifications has diagnostic significance. Endoscopic ultrasound may sometimes identify parenchymal changes facilitating diagnosis in the early stages of chronic pancreatitis when transabdominal ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography show normal situations or non-characteristic changes.
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PMID:Contribution of ultrasound to the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and to evaluating its main complications. 1599 Sep 41

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive disease without curative treatment. Abdominal pain is the most predominant symptom of chronic pancreatitis that initially brings most of the patients to the physician's attention. Some studies have correlated the course of pain in chronic pancreatitis in comparison with the duration of the disease, progressing exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and morphological changes such as pancreatic calcification and duct abnormalities. Furthermore, the course of pain has been studied after alcohol abstinence or surgery in some groups. However, there are only few well-performed and valid studies, and some of them even have produced diversing results, in part. Further controlled studies harboring a large number of patients in a multicenter setting should be considered. Therapeutic efforts on chronic pancreatitis have focused on palliative treatment of pain which is present in about 80% of cases. Endoscopic treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis is useful and feasible in many patients. Selecting candidate for endotherapy is mandatory. Main indication of pancreatic stent insertion in chronic pancreatitis is the presence of an obvious ductal stricture. Complications of chronic pancreatitis are also indications of endoscopic intervention. Exocrine and endocrine insufficiencies should be meticulously managed to prevent complications and to maintain good quality of life.
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PMID:[Natural course and medical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. 1630 47

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. An estimated 32,300 patients will die of pancreatic cancer in year 2006. It is the tenth most common malignancy in the United States. Despite recent advances in pathology, molecular basis and treatment, the overall survival rate remains 4% for all stages and races. Palliative care represents an important aspect of care in patient with pancreatic malignancy. Identifying and treating disease related symptomology are priorities. As a physician taking care of these patients it is essential to know these symptoms and treatment modalities. This review discusses symptom management and supportive care strategies. Common problems include pain, intestinal obstruction, biliary obstruction, pancreatic insufficiency, anorexia-cachexia and depression. Success is needed in managing these symptoms to palliate patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is a model illness to learn the palliative and supportive management in cancer patient. It is important for oncologists to recognize the importance of control measures and supportive measures that can minimize the symptoms of advanced disease and side effects of cancer treatment.
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PMID:Supportive and palliative care of pancreatic cancer. 1735 51


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