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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The SF-36 Health Survey is a patient self-administered general health status evaluation designed to measure the impact of disease on an individual's perception of his or her health. Five hundred forty-four patients with five common shoulder conditions (anterior glenohumeral instability (149 patients), complete reparable rotator cuff tear (111 patients), adhesive capsulitis (100 patients), glenohumeral osteoarthritis (67 patients), and impingement (117 patients)) completed the SF-36 Health Survey before undergoing treatment. When compared with U.S. general population norms, the patients with each of these shoulder conditions had statistically significant decreases in their health for Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, Social Functioning, Role-Emotional, and the Physical Component Summary as measured by the SF-36 Health Survey. Comparison with published data demonstrated that these shoulder conditions rank in severity (in terms of affecting a patient's perception of his or her general health) with five major medical conditions (hypertension, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and clinical depression). The data presented in this study should serve as a baseline to document the impact of shoulder musculoskeletal conditions and possibly to allow comparison among various methods of operative and nonoperative treatment.
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PMID:Self-assessment of general health status in patients with five common shoulder conditions. 965 47

The frequency of clinical recurrence and pulmonary embolism in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis is reduced to the same extent by hospital treatment (with unfractionated heparin) as by treatment at home (with low-molecular-weight heparin). Very few data on subjective parameters of effectiveness have been published. We performed a prospective randomized trial comparing outpatient with in-hospital treatment in 28 patients. Six clinical and quality-of-life related parameters of effectiveness were assessed quantitatively: clinical course (with a score system), pain of venous congestion of the calf muscles (with Lowenberg's test), subjective perception of pain and general well-being (with visual analogue scales), satisfaction with the care provided, and absence from work. Subjective effectiveness was compared with the costs of each form of treatment. Outpatient treatment was significantly more effective than in-hospital treatment with regard to the objective parameters. It was, however, associated with less well-being and more pain than in-hospital treatment. The discrepancy is explained by eventually insufficient adjuvant treatment measures (which consisted of external leg compression by stockings and forced walking) and by anxiety brought on by the information that potentially lethal pulmonary embolism could occur despite anticoagulant therapy. Outpatient treatment was less costly. On the average and per patient it was CHF 3944 less expensive than treatment in hospital. An estimation reveals that the Swiss health care system would save about CHF 25 million per year if the 85% of patients with deep-vein thrombosis suitable for home care were given this form of treatment. We conclude that outpatient management is subjectively cost-effective but should be optimised to eliminate certain drawbacks associated with it.
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PMID:[Comparison of ambulatory and inpatient treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis of the leg: subjective and economic aspects]. 978 75

Individuals who have severe back pain have trouble bending, may not be able to put on their shoes, have difficulty in ambulation, and may not be able to clean their own houses. What distinguishes these individuals with low back pain from those afflicted with other conditions (i.e., congestive heart failure, metastatic cancer, symptomatic acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is prognosis. Back pain essentially never shortens life. Acute back pain has a very benign prognosis, with more than 90% of the individuals returning to functional status equivalent to their baseline status within 3 months of the onset of pain. Patients who have chronic back pain have a significantly worse prognosis, but most cohort studies show that substantial numbers of chronic back pain patients improve over time with supportive therapy.
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PMID:Disability: how successful are we in determining disability? 985 77

Sally Hart Wilson is one of several lawyers who, on behalf of the Center for Medicare Advocacy, have filed a class-action suit seeking better protections for Medicare beneficiaries in HMOs. The experience of the lead plaintiff (one of 15) in Grijalva v. Shalala illustrates the down side of Medicare HMOs, says Ms. Wilson. Grigoria Grijalva, 71, an enrollee with diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, anemia, and a uremic bladder, complained to her physician about pain in her foot. But the physician's treatment was inadequate, the complaint alleges, and as a result her right leg was amputated. In subsequent years, the lawsuit says, the HMO denied necessary skilled nursing home days and skilled home health services and never sent a notice of denial or a description of her appeal rights, as Medicare requires.
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PMID:Another view of Medicare HMOs: not always what the doctor ordered. Interview by Meg Matheny. 1014 90

Pleurodesis may be indicated for pleural effusions (with careful patient evaluation) or recurrent pneumothoraces. It is contraindicated if tube thoracostomy fails to reexpand the lung and, possibly, if patients are candidates for lung transplantation or have congestive heart failure. We perform pleurodesis through an indwelling chest tube (alternative methods are thoracoscopy and thoracotomy). Common sclerosants include talc, doxycycline, minocycline, and bleomycin. Intrapleural administration of lidocaine may control pain, but injections of morphine or meperidine almost always are needed.
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PMID:The technique of pleurodesis. 1015 Jul

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is common in the surgical population, with up to 50% of postoperative deaths due to cardiac events. Most of these events are ischemic, with some being exacerbations of underlying congestive heart failure (CHF). Recent data indicate that acute perioperative beta-adrenergic blockade can reduce ischemia and ischemic events. Postoperative monitoring should focus on myocardial ischemia, with preparation for rapid treatment using IV therapy. A few studies suggest that elderly patients with known CAD undergoing major procedures might benefit from perioperative treatment guided by information from a pulmonary artery catheter. Postoperative CHF, which is likely to present early after surgery, may need aggressive management with diuretics, vasodilators, and inotropic drugs. Mechanical ventilation should be considered. When the patient develops severe or refractory dysrhythmias, serum magnesium levels should be supplemented and consideration given to IV use of amiodarone. Postoperative hypertension is common and can precipitate ischemia, CHF, and arrhythmias as well as cause bleeding. Newer IV drugs are arterial specific and can lower BP in a smooth and predictable manner. All acute cardiac disorders can be precipitated or exacerbated by inadequate pain control, hypoxemia, and fluid or electrolyte disorders.
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PMID:Cardiac management in the ICU. 1033 47

The sample included 91 inpatients with different clinical forms of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and modes of subjective perception of illness (subjective meaning of illness). Prichard's Reaction to Illness Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale, Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale and Illness Locus of Control Scale (Bevz I.A.,1998) were used on day 14 after admission for qualification of the patient's subjective perception of illness. The following clinical predictors of hypernosognia (inadequately high subjective significance of illness) were revealed: 1) the onset of IHD in midlife (<65 years) with its subsequent fast progression including high incidence of recurrent coronary events and/or congestive heart failure, 2) "typical" and protracted angina pectoris, 3) cardiac arrhythmias accompanying persistent high heart rate (sinus tachycardia, chronic atrial fibrillation, frequent extrasystoles) and defying any self-care, and 4) severe heart failure. On the other hand clinical predictors of hyponosognosia (inadequately low subjective significance of illness) included 1) the onset of IHD in elderly individuals (>65 years) and its subsequent slow progression without recurrent coronary events and/or congestive heart failure, 2) the socalled "anginal syndrome" (lack of angina's coupling with psychical exertion, atypical pain location, inconstant efficiency of nitroglycerin) and silent myocardial ischemia, 3) the paroxysmal cardiac arrhythmias (infrequent extrasystoles, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias) with normal or slow heart rate between the paroxysms and high efficiency of self-care, and 4) mild to moderate heart failure. The findings are discussed in terms of prediction of specific modes of subjective perception of illness and its practical implications for correction of patient's attitude to his/her disease, correction of non-compliance, optimization of therapeutical alliance and use of heart care resources.
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PMID:[Clinical features of ischemic heart disease and modes of subjective perception of illness]. 1066 82

The characteristics of chest pain due to suspected acute myocardial infarction and morphine use during the first 3 hospital days are described in a population of 2988 consecutive patients admitted to hospital. The duration of pain was usually less than 24 h (mean 20.9+/-0.55 h), and only 24.8% of patients experienced chest pain of longer duration. The majority of patients had only one attack of pain, but 34.4% experienced four or more attacks during hospitalization. A mean morphine dose of 6.7+/-0.2 mg was administered over the 3 hospitalization days, but surprisingly 52.4% of all patients required no morphine analgesia at all. Independent predictors of an increased morphine consumption were initial degree of suspicion of acute myocardial infarction, ST changes on admission ECG, male sex, a history of angina pectoris and a history of congestive heart failure. In a separate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in 10 patients, plasma concentrations of morphine and its major metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), were measured after intravenous administration of morphine. In this patient group, terminal half-life of unchanged morphine ranged from 0.77 to 3.22 h. M3G and M6G plasma concentrations increased gradually up to 60-90 min after the intravenous morphine injection. Initial pain intensity by numerical rating scale was 6.6+/-0.6 (arbitrary units), and after morphine administration, there was a rapid and significant decrease in pain intensity. After 20 min, pain relief was 69+/-11% and remained at this level during the following 8 h observation period. It is concluded that the need for morphine administration in patients with suspected or definite acute myocardial infarction, differs among subgroups of patients and, in particular, higher doses are needed in those with a strong suspicion of myocardial infarction at arrival. When intravenous morphine is given, it attains full effect 20 min after injection. Furthermore, the active morphine metabolites M3G and M6G appear rapidly in the circulation, which could influence the analgesic response to morphine treatment. Copyright 1998 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.
Eur J Pain 1998
PMID:Morphine use and pharmacokinetics in patients with chest pain due to suspected or definite acute myocardial infarction. 1070 Mar 7

Nimesulide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is administered orally or rectally twice daily for a variety of inflammation and pain states. This is a unique NSAID, not only because of its chemical structure but also because of its specific affinity to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thus exerting milder effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa. Current data on selective COX-2 inhibitors suggest that they may have an efficacy similar to that of standard NSAIDs. Initial general clinical experience with selective COX-2 inhibitors appears to show that they are particularly promising in individuals at risk because of renal diseases, hypertension or congestive heart failure. Various experimental models and clinical studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of nimesulide. Nimesulide is superior, or at least comparable in efficacy, to other NSAIDs, but is better tolerated and has less potential for adverse reactions. Thus, selective COX-2 inhibitors should have anti-inflammatory effects devoid of side effects on the kidney and stomach. They may also demonstrate new important therapeutic benefits as anticancer agents as well as help prevention of premature labour and even retard the progression of Alzheimer's disease. No clinically significant drug interactions have been reported for nimesulide. Not much has been reported about the pharmaceutical aspects of nimesulide. Its poor aqueous solubility poses bioavailability problems in-vivo. This could be overcome by the formation of inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin, as has been reported by various researchers. However, absence of any in-vivo data regarding the relative absorption of nimesulide from beta-cyclodextrin complex compared with that from conventional formulations of the drug makes the use of such fast-releasing complexes rather questionable. Only a limited number of assay procedures (HPLC, spectrophotometric, spectrofluorimetric) for the determination of nimesulide and its metabolite in plasma/urine samples or in dosage forms have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise overview of the pharmacological and pharmaceutical profile of nimesulide. Various investigations carried out recently are reported, although older references to research performed on nimesulide have also been included, where appropriate.
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PMID:Nimesulide: some pharmaceutical and pharmacological aspects--an update. 1086 34

Older people with congestive heart failure associated with acute myocardial infarction should be treated with loop diuretic therapy. Class I indications for the use of early intravenous beta blockade in patients with acute myocardial infarction are patients without a contraindication to beta blockers who can be treated within 12 hours of onset of myocardial infarction; patients with continuing or recurrent ischemic pain; and patients with tachyarrythmias, such as atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate. Class I indications for the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors during acute myocardial infarction are (1) patients within the first 24 hours of onset of a suspected acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation in two or more anterior precordial leads or with clinical heart failure in the absence of significant hypotension or contraindications to the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, (2) patients with myocardial infarction and a left ventricular ejection fraction of less then 40%, (3) and patients with clinical heart failure on the basis of systolic pump dysfunction during and after convalescence from acute myocardial infarction. No class I indications exist for using calcium channel blockers or magnesium during acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. 1091 46


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