Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Benign bone tumors are frequently undiagnosed since they rarely cause pain. Based on the records of the Basle Bone Tumor Registry, which contains 2194 primary benign bone tumors, the aspects of benign bone tumors in childhood and adolescence are described. Benign bone-forming lesions like osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma occur fairly frequently in this age group; osteofibrous dysplasia is almost exclusively seen in younger patients. Benign cartilage-forming tumors are much more cellular at this age and therefore sometimes misdiagnosed as chondrosarcomas. Chondromyxoid fibroma and especially chondroblastoma frequently occur in patients younger than 20 years. Because of their pleomorphic appearance (chondromyxoid fibroma) and their cellular composition and matrix deposition (chondroblastoma) they can be confused with chondrosarcomas, giant cell tumors or osteosarcomas. Benign fibrous histiocytoma is a very rare intraosseous fibrohistiocytic tumor that also can be found during adolescence. Since no one has much experience with this lesion, patients should be carefully monitored after complete excision. Giant cell tumors of bone reach their typical epimetaphyseal location after growth plate closure. If the physis is still open, giant cell tumors are almost exclusively found in a metaphyseal location abutting on epiphyseal cartilage. With increasing closure of the growth plate, the lesion is found most frequently in an epimetaphyseal position. The transition of a primary benign bone tumor to a sarcoma is very rare and often occurs in connection with irradiation treatment. The risk of a sarcomatous change independent of therapy is very infrequent.
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PMID:[Pathologic-anatomic characteristics of benign bone tumors]. 789 3

Giant cell tumour of the metacarpal bone is rare. We have encountered three cases during the last 30 years. Surgical treatment is difficult in such a critical site and is always associated with functional deformities and poor cosmesis. We have successfully treated two males and one female with lesions of the 1st, 2nd and 4th metacarpal bones using a Theratron-60 telecobalt machine. The radiation dose delivered was 50-55 Gy over 4.5-5 weeks. The three patients all tolerated radiotherapy treatment well, though moderate radiation dermatitis (Grade II-III) was seen. The regression of tumour mass started after about 2 months of radiation therapy and complete regression occurred after several months. The pain subsided immediately. Long follow up of 7-11 years revealed no signs of local recurrence, distant metastasis or radiation induced malignancy. The results of radiation therapy are excellent in terms of functional integrity and cosmesis.
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PMID:Case report: giant cell tumour of metacarpals: report of three cases. 817 87

Giant cell tumors of bone are uncommon in the vertebrae above the sacrum. We report the case of a giant cell tumor of the third lumbar vertebra, revealed by lumbar and radicular pain. X ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed osteolysis of the body and vertebral arch of L3. Histologic evaluation gave a conclusion of a giant cell tumor, grade 2. Spondylectomy of L3 was performed using a combined approach (anterior and posterior) in two stages. The patient had a good functional result without recurrence at three years and six months. A review of the literature indicates that the radiological appearance is nonspecific but shows the extent of the tumor. Diagnosis can be based only on histological features. Radiotherapy could induce malignant transformation. Radical resection limits the risk of recurrence. Total spondylectomy is recommended for giant cell tumors when both the body and arch are involved.
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PMID:[Giant cell tumors of the spine. Report of a case, literature review]. 921 2

Giant cell tumors of the jaw are extremely rare. The malignant variants of these tumors are distinguished by their rapid growth, pain, or tumor paraesthesia. The lesions generally manifest as multilocular radiolucencies of bone with well differentiated margins. If not diagnosed and treated, the lesions may resorb the alveolar ridge and displace the roots of the teeth. The learning objective of this article is to present the diagnosis of the lesion, mandibular resection, bone graft augmentation of the surgical site, implant placement, and restoration of oral function by implant-supported prosthesis. Multidisciplinary approach and cooperation are credited for the successful final result.
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PMID:Giant cell tumor in the mandible: surgical treatment and implant-supported reconstruction--a clinical report. 924 23

Giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma) of talar bone is a rare entity and is seen more commonly in the third decade of life. We report this disease entity in a 17-years-old girl. The patient presented with painful swelling of the left ankle with an osteolytic lesion in the talus on conventional radiographs. Intralesional curettage and autologous bone grafting was performed following which patient's pain and swelling disappeared. Complete range of movement at the ankle joint was regained with minimal restriction at the subtalar joint. There is no evidence of relapse at six months follow up.
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PMID:Giant cell tumour of talar body. 1101 80

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a locally highly aggressive tumor of bone comprising 5 to 10% of all benign bone tumors. The sacrum is the third most common site of involvement. Patients with sacral GCTs present with localized pain in the lower back that may radiate to one or both lower limbs. Vague abdominal complaints and bowel and bladder symptoms may also be present. Neuroimaging workup should include advanced modalities, preferably magnetic resonance imaging, prior to obtaining a biopsy specimen. Giant cell tumor has a 1 to 5% rate of metastasizing to the lung and may convert to a fulminate malignant variant, which has a very poor prognosis. The standard treatment for GCT is curettage combined with adjuvant bone grafting or cement-augmented stabilization. In appropriately selected cases, sacral resection is a valuable procedure to effect local tumor control and overall survival. Embolization may also prove palliative and/or curative in cases in which the tumor is unresectable or refractory to treatment.
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PMID:Giant cell tumor of the sacrum. 1535 44

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone typically present in adults between the ages of 20 and 50 with the symptoms of progressive pain and local swelling. Females are slightly more often affected than males. GCTs tend to arise in epiphyses of long tubular bones. The typical radiographic appearances are of geographical radiolucency and cortical thinning, without internal mineralization. GCTs represent 5% of all primary bone tumours. Although benign, GCTs are locally aggressive entities producing expansive and lytic lesions. We present the case of a young man with a GCT of his pelvis who could not be treated by previously described methods because of the size of the lesion, its location, and the effects it had on surrounding bony structures.
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PMID:Large pelvic giant cell tumor: a case report and a review of current treatment modalities. 1558 43

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a challenging clinicopathologic entity. Despite its benign designation, it has the capacity to recur locally and develop rare pulmonary metastasis. We report a case of histologically proven recurrent GCT of the spine (T7-8) involving spinal cord compression, direct extension to 1 lung, and bilateral pulmonary metastases. A 30-year-old woman presented with back pain, and underwent anterior reconstruction for GCT of the T7 at another hospital. As her symptoms deteriorated, she underwent laminectomy at the same hospital 2 months after the first surgery. One year after the first surgery, she was referred to our hospital on account of a progressive neurological deficit and intractable back pain, and underwent an anterior tumor resection at T7-8 and reconstruction, due to tumor recurrence. Postoperatively, the patient did not show neurologic improvement, but her pain decreased. The patient displayed no respiratory difficulties and no apparent change in follow-up chest radiographs for more than 2 years since surgery. This is the first reported case of bilateral pulmonary metastases from GCT of the thoracic spine.
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PMID:Recurrent giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine with bilateral pulmonary metastases. 1562 49

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCT) is a relatively uncommon tumor. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. GCT is a primary benign tumor but may evolve into a malignant tumor, usually after irradiation. We report a rare case of osteosarcoma arising ten years after the primary surgery for GCT without radiation. A 45-year-old woman presented with severe right knee pain after suffering contusion. Roentgenogram revealed a bone tumor in the lateral femoral condyle of the right knee. Histopathological examination demonstrated the features of GCT, and treatment consisted of curettage and bone grafting. Four months after the operation, multiple lung metastases of GCT occurred, which were treated by partial lobectomy. Ten years after the primary treatment, severe knee pain recurred. Roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a destructive lesion in the lateral condyle of the right knee. Histopathological examination demonstrated a lacy pattern of osteoids and abnormal mitoses in the aggregated atypical mononuclear cells, indicating osteosarcoma. Despite above-knee amputation and chemotherapy, scapular and lung metastases developed and the patient died five months after above knee amputation. One may question whether the primary GCT contained some malignant cells. However, given the aggressiveness of the malignant tumor, this is unlikely. The recurrence of pain and aggravation of bone destruction many years after the primary treatment suggest malignant transformation of GCT.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma arising from giant cell tumor of bone ten years after primary surgery: a case report and review of the literature. 1643 39

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare complication of Paget disease of bone. It usually occurs in the skull or pelvic bones of patients with long-standing polyostotic disease. This report describes a 62-year-old patient who presented with monostotic Paget disease of the distal femur complicated by GCT. He had a 2-year history of discomfort and pain in his left knee. Conventional plain films and MRI demonstrated the characteristic bone changes of Paget disease and an associated lytic lesion involving the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of the distal femur. A diagnostic curettage showed the characteristic histopathologic features of Paget disease and GCT. There was no evidence of malignancy. The clinicopathologic features of this rare lesion are described and correlated with a review of the literature.
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PMID:Giant cell tumor complicating Paget disease of long bone. 1743


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