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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease that may affect skin, joints, mucous membranes, heart, lungs, kidneys, nervous system and all the blood cell lines. Although its cause is unknown, abnormal immune function results in the formation of antibodies directed against various components of the human body (autoantibodies). Treatment depends of the severity of the illness and may include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents for arthritis; antimalarial therapy for skin disease and other mild lupus manifestations; and corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents including azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate for more severe lupus manifestations. Persons affected by lupus and their families need help in understanding the condition and require support as they deal with fear, depression, and possible disability. Implications for nursing are varied and include patient/family education about medication, joint protection principles, energy conservation, pain and stress management, and coping techniques.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus: medical and nursing treatments. 149 76

A 47-year old man presented with general malaise, pain in several joints and muscles, lymphadenopathy, livedo reticularis, an elevated sedimentation rate and mild pancytopenia. A positive ANF, anticardiolipin antibodies and circulating immune complexes raised suspicion of an autoimmune disease. A perivascular infiltrate in muscle and fascia was found, but a specific diagnosis could not be made. The patient appeared to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I, with the cellular immunity already decreased. During treatment with zidovudine the symptoms and signs diminished, suggesting a causal relation between the HIV infection and this clinical presentation. The rheumatic manifestations and autoimmune phenomena with which HIV infection can be associated are discussed.
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PMID:[Rheumatic disease as initial symptom of HIV infection]. 155 70

One hundred eight children with musculoskeletal pain considered not to be due to an autoimmune or inflammatory disease had an antinuclear antibody (ANA) test performed. Twenty-four of these children were ANA positive on HEp-2 cell substrate at a screening serum dilution of 1:20. A positive ANA test persisted in 21 of 24 of the patients over a mean time period of 38 months (range 1 to 103 months). No sera from any patient at initial evaluation had anti-DNA antibodies by radioimmunoassay or by indirect immunofluorescence on Crithidia luciliae. One patient recently developed elevated anti-DNA (radioimmunoassay) antibodies but still has a negative assay on C luciliae. Four patients had antibodies to core histones by immunoblotting. None had antibodies to Sm, RNP, Ro (SS-A), or La (SS-B) by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. No patient developed an overt inflammatory or autoimmune disease during a mean follow-up period of 61 months (range 13 to 138 months). A child with musculoskeletal pain and a positive test for ANA, but with no clinical evidence at presentation of inflammatory or autoimmune disease, is at low risk of imminently developing such a disease.
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PMID:Persistent antinuclear antibodies in children without identifiable inflammatory rheumatic or autoimmune disease. 174 Dec 19

Nonspecific aortoarteritis is a systemic autoimmune disease eventuating in gradual stenosis of the aorta and the main vessels with ischemia of the respective organs. Ophthalmologic symptoms have been examined in 54 patients with nonspecific aortoarteritis. Subjective disorders of vision (short-term binocular blindness, metamorphopsia, pain behind the eye, amaurosis fugax) have been detected in 52% of the examinees. Organic lesions of the eye have been diagnosed in 60% of the patients: hypertensive angiopathy (22%), venous stasis retinopathy (17%), occlusion of the central retinal artery (1%), etc. Three possible mechanisms of the development of ocular symptoms have been established: (1) a result of symptomatic hypertension, (2) chronic ocular ischemia, (3) acute hemodynamic ocular circulation insufficiency.
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PMID:[Ophthamologic pathology in non-specific aortoarteritis]. 256 80

Cytokines such as Interleukin-1 (IL-1) are important modulators of the cell-mediated immune response and play a paramount role in inflammatory autoimmune disease. We report on preliminary clinical experiences with a new, tricyclic substance [( 10-Methoxy-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclo-hepta-[1,2-b]thiophene-4- ylidene]acetic acid, MW 284), which inhibits the release of interleukin-1 alpha and -beta from cultured murine macrophages or human mononuclear cells. The study included 12 patients (rheumatoid arthritis, n = 9; hemochromatotic arthropathy, n = 1; psoriatic arthropathy, n = 1; seronegative spondylarthropathy, n = 1). Eight patients were treated for a total of 8 weeks, receiving a median dose of 800 mg/d of the substance. Due to significant clinical benefits, two patients continued for a total of six months. Administration of the drug was discontinued in two patients because of severe urticaria and lack of compliance, respectively. Four out of 10 patients showed clinical improvement according to Ritchie-Index, pain score, ESR and CRP. Side effects were diffuse gastrointestinal symptoms (4/12), temporary impairment of liver function (4/12) and allergic skin reactions (3/12).
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PMID:[Initial clinical experiences in the treatment of chronic polyarthritis with a new monokine release inhibitor]. 267 92

Raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mild proteinuria, erythrocyturia and slightly impaired renal function were revealed in a 45-year-old patient complaining of general physical fatigue, fever and pain in the right flank. Interstitial nephritis was confirmed by biopsy. Therefore, an autoimmune disease with renal involvement was diagnosed. Three years later a myxoma of the left atrium was found. After surgical removal of the myxoma the signs of the systemic disease receded and disappeared unexpectedly. At follow-up after 10 years the patient was completely free of symptoms. It is concluded that the signs of the autoimmune disease had been caused by the myxoma.
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PMID:[Atrial myxoma and signs of autoimmune disease]. 291 59

In this review, the major types of immune mediated thyroiditis are described and the etiology explained in the light of current theories of autoimmunity. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a common autoimmune disease. The onset is gradual with patients presenting with symptoms of hypothyroidism, nonspecific symptoms of the autoimmune process itself, or symptoms relating to a goitre. The disease is usually relentless and, except in young patients, permanent replacement with thyroxine is eventually required. Silent thyroiditis is another autoimmune disease of more acute onset. The initial, thyrotoxic, phase lasting several weeks is due to release of thyroid hormone from damaged follicles, and radionuclidic scans show absent uptake. There often follows a hypothyroid phase with final recovery in most patients. Post partum thyroiditis is due to silent thyroiditis, or, less commonly, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, occurring three to six months after delivery. Subacute thyroiditis often follows a viral infection and is not thought to be an autoimmune disease. It presents with severe thyroid pain and tenderness with marked non-specific symptoms such as myalgia and fatigue. The initial, thyrotoxic, phase is also due to release of thyroid hormone, and radionuclidic scans show absent uptake. A hypothyroid phase often follows and recovery is complete. Hashimoto's thyroiditis appears to be due to a congenitally present, antigen specific, T suppressor lymphocyte defect. It is proposed that in silent thyroiditis there is a less severe Ts defect and a correspondingly greater decompensating factor. In post partum thyroiditis, this factor appears to be a general decline in T suppressor lymphocyte function after delivery. Subacute thyroiditis is not an autoimmune disease. The thyroid appears to be an "innocent bystander" in an immune mediated antiviral attack.
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PMID:Thyroiditis. 293 21

The relationship between antibodies to nuclear antigens and to the phospholipid cardiolipin was investigated in 82 patients with repeated abortions as an isolated complaint. The study also investigated: antibody binding to other phospholipids in anticardiolipin antibody-containing sera from patients in this study as well as from patients with repeated abortions initially ascertained through the presence of the lupus anticoagulant effect or a diagnosed autoimmune disease; and the possibility that the measurement of anticardiolipin antibody might overlook antibodies binding other important phospholipids. The 82 patients had been referred to the Pregnancy Loss Center of Medical Genetics for evaluation after at least 2 pregnancy losses. Laboratory evaluation for each patient with 2 losses included parental chromosome karyotypes, autoantibody studies, and luteal phase evaluation. An obstetric history was obtained from each patient, and patients were asked about a family history of autoimmune disease, alopecia, migraine headache, Reynaud's syndrome, arthralgias, pleuritic pain, easy bruising, or a photosensitive rash. 8 patients with known autoimmune disease and repeated abortions were excluded from the 1st part of this study. 61 patients were considered to have unexplained repeated abortions (group 2) and 21 to have explained repeated abortions (group 1). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG and IgM antibodies binding to the phospholipid cardiolipin was used, with the modification that a standard curve was obtained with the use of appropriate dilutions of sera with known IgG or IgM class anticardiolipin antibody. Those patients with a positive antibody test (positive or negative deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies) appeared to be a separate subgroup of those with unexplained repeated abortion from those with antibodies to cardiolipin. 13.1% of the 61 patients with unexplained repeated abortions had elevated levels of IgM and/or IgG anticardiolipin antibody; none were found in patients with explained abortions. This difference was statistically significant. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies binding to other phospholipids suggested that sera from patients with repeated abortions who had the lupus anticoagulant contained antibodies that were most often of the IgG class with affinity for negatively charged phospholipids. The binding of IgG but not IgM antibodies to cardiolipin correlated closely with that to other negatively charged phospholipids.
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PMID:Antibodies to phospholipids and nuclear antigens in patients with repeated abortions. 349 Jul 87

An eleven-year-old boy with congenital paresis of the left superior rectus eye muscle developed symptoms of acute left orbital expansion: pain, ptosis, redness, extraocular muscle dysfunction. Computer assisted tomography of the orbit showed typical signs of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor and immunological screening cryoglobulinemia. Short-term treatment with prednisone (2 mg/kg bodyweight/day) rapidly improved symptoms. However several relapses occurred following discontinuation of therapy. Therefore a long-term treatment with corticosteroids was instituted. The simultaneous development of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor and cryoglobulinemia support the hypothesis that orbital pseudotumor is an autoimmune disease. The meaning of the congenital superior rectus muscle paresis in this case for the development of the inflammatory process remains uncertain.
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PMID:[Unilateral pseudotumor of the orbit--an autoimmune disease?]. 351 78

A neurological disease which selectively affects the primary sensory pathways was observed in 4 dogs. Clinical signs were dominated by ataxia due to impaired position sense. Deficient or abnormal pain sensation was also observed. Difficulty in eating probably arose from oral and lingual sensory deficit. The lesions were characterized by degeneration and loss of central and peripheral primary sensory axons, with a predilection for large myelinated fibres. The concept of a sensory neuronopathy was supported by the finding of neuronal degeneration and loss in dorsal root ganglia seen in 2 dogs. The cause of the disease is not known. The presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in acute lesions suggests an infectious or autoimmune disease. Toxic and genetic factors are also to be considered.
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PMID:Sensory neuronopathy in dogs: a study of four cases. 630 21


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