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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of axons in the posterior articular nerves in rhesus monkey has been studied in terms of ratio of myelinated to unmyelinated fibers, and size of myelinated fibers. Conduction velocity measurements were also made. The nerves contained 2,000 to 2,200 unmyelinated fibers of 0.2 to 1.2 mum diameter. They contained 399 to 478 myelinated fibers, varying in size from 1.4 to 12.3 mum. Thus 80 to 85% of fibers in these nerves were unmyelinated. The maximum conduction velocity of 70 to 80 meters per second corresponded to an initial small deflection, with most fibers conducting at slower rates. These results are compared to previous reports which severely underestimated the number of unmyelinated fibers because electron microscope counts were not utilized. It is suggested that pain fibers from the knee joint of monkey make up much of this large population of unmyelinated axons. An unknown number of post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers is also included in the unmyelinated fiber group.
Anat Rec 1977 Jan
PMID:Fibers in monkey posterior articular nerves. 40 90

The purpose of the series of articles, of which this is the first, is to introduce from a practical angle those methods of handling data which have a statistical basis and to suggest some of their possible uses in veterinary medicine. This does not entail sophisticated mathematics, nor should it inevitably bring with it the pain and misery which is so often, and so frequently unjustly, associated with matters biometrical. No attempt will be made to cover the subject in any more depth than is required for the condensation and basic assessment of quantitative data, bearing in mind the number of comprehensive textbooks already available. Indeed, so many pitfalls await those who wander out of their statistical depth that for data requiring complex analysis, rather than sorting and simple testing, the inexperienced are well advised to seek expert assistance, such as is available through the Ministry of Agriculture's veterinary investigation centres.
Vet Rec 1978 Feb 11
PMID:Dealing with data: the practical use of numerical information--(1) A place for statistics. 63 54

An analysis has been made of the long term results of excision of the canine femoral head and neck. The most frequent postoperative findings include shortening of the operated limb and restricted movement of the hip pseudarthrosis. Although few dogs show lameness or pain in the operated hip, muscle atrophy is a frequent finding even after eight years. Difficulty in jumping and in climbing stairs are more commonly found postoperatively in the larger breeds of dog. Despite these noted abnormalities almost all owners expressed their satisfaction with the outcome of excision arthroplasty.
Vet Rec 1977 Sep 03
PMID:Long term results of excision arthroplasty of the canine hip. 91 49

The clinical and radiographic findings associated with the presence of hemivertebra ("wedge-shaped"vertebra) in small and brachycephalic breeds of dogs are reported together with the results of post mortem examination in the availabel cases. The condition is characterised clinically by progressive hind-leg weakness, spinal pain, abnormalities of the nervous system and evidence of muscle atrophy or other abnormalities of conformation. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is by radiography. It is suggested that the condition is congenital in origin. Breed incidences are reported. The occurrence of the disorder in certain families of dogs suggests also that it may be hereditary. Other congenital abnormalities are seen in some dogs affected by hemivertebrae.
Vet Rec 1975 Apr 05
PMID:Hemivertebra in the dog: clinical and pathological observations. 112 30

It is common knowledge today that cancer is by no means an incurable disease and therefore it is no longer necessary to propose euthanasia for all inoperable cases of malignant neoplasia. The veterinary surgeon has a duty to inform his client of current methods of treatment, particularly radiotherapy, which may possibly provide a cure or prolong life without pain for several months. This article outlines the availability and usefulness of this important line of treatment.
Vet Rec 1975 Nov 01
PMID:The role of radiotherapy in veterinary practice. 119 80

The techniques of hemilaminectomy (with concomitant disc fenestration) and dorsal laminectomy were compared statistically in two groups of 30 dogs with thoracolumbar disc disease. On presentation all the dogs were unable to walk and were graded 1 to 3 according to their degree of neurological dysfunction. Nineteen had a previous history of thoracolumbar pain or hindlimb paresis. Radiography showed a narrowed disc space or extruded calcified disc material in 52 of the dogs and lumbar myelography revealed an extradural mass in 57; 24 of the dogs had clinical or myelographic lateralisation of signs. Hemilaminectomy significantly improved the ability to retrieve protruded disc material compared with dorsal laminectomy, and the removal of protruded disc material significantly improved the degree of recovery. Fenestration significantly reduced the recurrence of thoracolumbar disc disease.
Vet Rec 1992 Apr 04
PMID:A comparison of hemilaminectomy (with concomitant disc fenestration) and dorsal laminectomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc protrusion in dogs. 159 47

The analgesic and spasmolytic effects of dipyrone (Novalgin) (2500 mg/100 kg bodyweight) hyoscine-N-butylbromide (Buscopan) (20 mg/100 kg bodyweight) and a combination of both drugs were evaluated in a balloon-induced model of colic, using five ponies with caecal fistulae. The drugs were given intravenously and 0.9 per cent sodium chloride solution (5 ml/100 kg bodyweight) was used as a control. The physiological saline solution and dipyrone had no effect on caecal contractions. After the injection of hyoscine-N-butylbromide and the drug combination caecal contractions ceased within 30 seconds and for 20 and 24 minutes, respectively (P less than 0.05). The results on pain relief were not statistically significant for any of the drugs. Dipyrone had a good analgesic effect in only two of the ponies, starting after eight to 10 minutes and lasting for 50 minutes. The drug combination relieved pain within 30 seconds after injection and the relief lasted for 50 minutes in three of the ponies and for 20 minutes in the other two. Hyoscine-N-butylbromide alone produced an analgesic effect within 30 seconds after injection which lasted for 20 minutes.
Vet Rec 1991 Oct 26
PMID:Analgesic and spasmolytic effects of dipyrone, hyoscine-N-butylbromide and a combination of the two in ponies. 174 14

With advancing years a dog may suffer from a variety of conditions of its musculoskeletal system which adversely affect its ability to exercise and may cause it to be retired from activities in work and sport for which it has been trained. Arthritis is common, and in many cases arises from developmental errors suffered in puppyhood, such as hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis and growth plate disorders. Trauma to joints (ligament ruptures, dislocations and fractures) may also be the precursor of degenerative joint changes later in life. It is important, therefore, for all such conditions to be corrected as effectively as possible if joint disease is to be minimised as the dog grows older. Preventive action is also required for some conditions for which correction may not be entirely feasible, so the identification of modes of inheritance is important if those are to be controlled by breeding. Certain spinal disorders also tend to increase in prevalence with age, particularly spondylosis deformans, neoplasms and chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy. As it happens, spondylosis in mild to moderate degree affects pet dogs very little, but a reduction in spinal flexibility can cause problems for dogs required to be agile in work or sport. In common with other body tissues, neoplasm of the locomotor system increases in occurrence in older dogs, and although the overall incidence of tumours of bones, joints, nervous tissue and muscle is relatively low, these are the most serious of all the limb and spinal conditions encountered because of their life threatening propensities. The treatment required covers a wide range from simple changes of management in order to reduce exercise, to the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs and to surgery to remove diseased tissue, stabilise joints or reduce pain with forms of arthroplasty or arthrodesis.
Vet Rec 1990 Apr 21
PMID:Orthopaedic problems in old dogs. 219 52

Propofol was used to induce anaesthesia in 89 dogs and 13 cats of either sex, various breeds and of widely different ages and weights; they varied considerably in physical condition and were anaesthetised for a variety of investigations and surgical procedures. They were premedicated with acepromazine, papaveretum, diazepam, pethidine, atropine and scopolamine in different combinations. After induction with propofol, anaesthesia was maintained with halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane and enflurane and, or, nitrous oxide. The mean (+/- sd) induction doses of propofol in unpremedicated and premedicated animals were 5.2 +/- 2.3 mg/kg and 3.6 +/- 1.4 mg/kg respectively for dogs, and 5.0 +/- 2.8 mg/kg and 5.3 +/- 4.3 mg/kg for cats. There were no differences between the sexes. Premedication did not affect recovery times. The incidence of side effects was very low. One dog showed evidence of pain when propofol was injected. No incompatibility was observed between propofol and the premedicants and other anaesthetic agents used.
Vet Rec 1990 Jun 23
PMID:Induction of anaesthesia in dogs and cats with propofol. 237 46

Chronic proliferative synovitis of 27 metacarpophalangeal joints in 16 horses is described. The diagnosis was based on a history of lameness and, or, poor performance, pain on flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint, the response to intra-articular anaesthesia, and plain and contrast radiography. Radiographic findings included concavity of the distal dorsal metacarpus proximal to the sagittal ridge, and an increase in size of the synovial tissue adjacent to the proximal, dorsal attachment of the joint capsule. Mineralisation of the synovial tissue was present in some joints, and chip fractures from the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx were also occasionally seen. Treatment by arthroscopic resection of the tissue gave excellent results.
Vet Rec 1990 Jul 07
PMID:Chronic proliferative synovitis of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. 238 19


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