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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric acid secretion was measured in 20 infants aged 6-438 days. The values for the basal acid output and that after stimulation with 6 mug/kg pentagastrin subcutaneously were found to be related to age, body weight and body surface area. But these correlations were not comparable to those in adults. Standard values for different age groups in childhood must therefore be established. Furthermore, the results indicate parietal-cell immaturity during the first six months of life. Measurement of fasting serum-gastrin concentration by radioimmunoassay in 74 infants, aged 1-438 days, and 154 adults as controls revealed a high serum-gastrin level in infants, with an exponential decrease during the first year of life. Despite comparable pH values in gastric juice at one year of life, the gastrin concentrations were higher than those in adults (at a statistically significant level). On the other hand, normal serum-gastrin concentrations were found in ten pregnant women just before delivery. The results suggest a negative feed-back mechanism between gastric-acid secretion and fasting serum-gastrin levels, but such mechanism probably being limited by extragastric gastrin secretion.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1976 Dec 03
PMID:[Serum-gastrin levels and gastric-acid secretion in infants (author's transl)]. 1 82

The role of the medullary H+-sensitive chemoreceptors on the drive of breathing was studied in 10 unanesthetized newborn animals (8 lambs and 2 kids). The experiment consisted of sequential measurements of ventilation (VE) during a progressive change in the arterial pH (pHa) and in the pH of the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (pHCSF), induced by intravenous infusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) followed after an 8-h steady state of acidosis by rapid bicarbonate [HCO3-] infusion. It is shown that a rapid change in [HCO3-]CSF occurs during the infusion of HCl or NaHCO3. As a consequence both CSF and arterial pH change in the the same direction and large changes in pHCSF (from 7.331 to 7.227) were observed. Such CSF acidosis did not contribute to further increase VE beyond the level by hyperventilation induced by the initial fall of pHa. The ventilatory response to the decrease in pHa was found to fall off with moderate to severe acidosis (pHa less than 7.20). In conclusion, this study demonstrates an instability of the pHCSF during neonatal metabolic acidosis and it suggests an immaturity of both the H+-sensitive medullary and peripheral chemoreceptors in the 8-day-old newborns.
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1979 Dec
PMID:Central chemical regulation of respiration in term newborn. 4 60

The development of the thalamus was examined in normal and X-irradiated embryos from day 13 (E13) to the day before birth (E22). The differentiating, radioresistant neurons of the lateral habenular nucleus, derived from a portion of the superior neuroepithelial lobule (SL1), were settling by day E15 and by this time the habenulopeduncular tract was forming. The neurons of the reticular nucleus, derived from the middle neuroepithelial lobe, began to settle on day E15 but a massive migration was still evident on day E16. Adjacent to the reticular nucleus the internal capsule appeared on day E16; this fiber bundle seemed to be continuous with fibers embedded in the first transitory zone of cells issuing from the dorsal neuroepithelial lobe. Because of the immaturity of the neocortex at this time, it was postulated that thalamocortical fibers of the dorsal thalamus are the earliest components of the internal capsule. By day E17 all the sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus were recognizable and it was assumed that the second transitory zone issuing from the receding dorsal neuroepithelial lobe contained the neurons of the later forming intralaminar nuclei. Suggestive evidence was obtained that the late arising neurons of the medial thalamus (the anterior nuclei, the mediodorsal nucleus, and some or all of the midline nuclei) originate in a portion of the superior neuroepithelial lobule designated as SL2. Our present and previous studies showed that the major divisions of the hypothalamus and thalamus are derived embryonically from distinguishable parts of the third ventricle neuroepithelium. This implies the te third ventricle neuroepithelium has a "mosaic" organization and suggests that the fate of hypothalamic and thalamic neurons may be determined to some extent while their precursors are still proliferating.
J Comp Neurol 1979 Dec 01
PMID:Development of the diencephalon in the rat. VI. Re-evaluation of the embryonic development of the thalamus on the basis of thymidine-radiographic datings. 48 5

All 1998 resident infant deaths in the 1969--1977 King County, Washington birth cohort of 139,132 resident live births comprise the data base for epidemiologic comparisons of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with eight other major infant mortality components: hyaline membrane disease; respiratory distress syndrome; asphyxia of the newborn; immaturity; birth injury; congenital malformation; infection; and "all other." These components were compared with respect to age at death; sex; race; prior fetal loss; prior live-born, now dead; birth plurality; birth weight; maternal age; birth order; marital status; prenatal care; and season of death in an attempt to determine the uniqueness of these purported SIDS risk factors. Only the age at death distribution unequivocally distinguished SIDS from the other components. The combination of low maternal age and multiparity was demonstrated to be putatively synergistic for risk of SIDS, hyaline membrane disease, and respiratory disease syndrome. Only deaths from infection exhibited seasonal variation similar to SIDS. These observations probably reflect secondary associations with as yet unidentified primary risk factors relatable to maternal experience.
Am J Epidemiol 1979 Dec
PMID:Epidemiologic comparisons of the sudden infant death syndrome with other major components of infant mortality. 55 88

Perinatal deaths and perinatal mortality rates in Cape Town for the period 1967--1977 have been analysed, and large differences were found between the various ethnic groups. In non-Whites stillbirths accounted for more than two-thirds of perinatal deaths in 1977, and in at least 75% of these fetal death preceded labour. Perinatal mortality rates must be considered together with the number of perinatal deaths if the true magnitude of the problem with regard to the various obstetric complications and procedures is to be appreciated. The main perinatal problems as they affect the infant were (i) during pregnancy--antepartum haemorrhage (especially abruptio placentae), intra-uterine growth retardaton, multiple pregnancy, proteinuric hypertension and unbooked status; (ii) during labour and delivery--preterm labour, stillbirths (especially before labour) and vaginal breech delivery; (iii) in the early neonatnal period--immaturity and respiratory distress and neonatal infection.
S Afr Med J 1979 Dec 15
PMID:Trends in perinatal mortality in Cape Town, 1967--1977. 57 66

A case of unilateral megalencephaly in a four-week-old child with infantile spasms and hemihypsarrhythmia is presented. The histological and histometrical investigations showed signs of immaturity in the cortex of the megalencephalic hemisphere.
Dev Med Child Neurol 1978 Dec
PMID:Infantile spasms associated with hemihypsarrhythmia and hemimegalencephaly. 72 31

Astrocytes, in normal tissue, may be characterized by their extensive processes which may be cylindrical in part but are sheet-like at their periphery where they serve to cover other structures. It becomes of interest ot determine the morphology of astrocytic processes after neoplastic transformation. We, therefore, examined the fine structure of 14 cases of astrocytomas. In general the fine structure of the cell bodies and the interior of the processes are fundamentally similar to those of normal or developing astrocytes. Differences are apparent at the cell periphery. These include less well developed cell junctions and usually only poorly formed peripheral expansions of the processes. Most sections through the processes appear round or oval rather than laminar in normal astrocytes. They often consist of small microvilli or pseudopodia-like protrusions. Whether these changes are due to the immaturity of the cell or to the lack of appropriate nearby target cells is not known.
No Shinkei Geka 1978 Dec
PMID:[The fine structure of cell processes in astrocytoma (author's transl)]. 73 34

The influence of age on the susceptibility of gnotobiotic dogs to infection with virulent canine distemper virus (R252-CDV) was studied. Of the dogs infected at less than one week of age, 85% died of acute encephalitis two to five weeks after infection. In contrast, only 28.5% of infected weanling and 33.3% of infected adult dogs died after receiving inoculations of R252-CDV. Furthermore, about one-half of the fatally infected weanling dogs developed chronic encephalitis characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in areas where demyelination of the central nervous system had occurred. Age-related susceptibility correlated with in vitro responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytomitogens. The results of this study suggest that physiological immaturity of the immune system of neonatal dogs may account for their increased susceptibility to infection with CDV.
J Infect Dis 1976 Dec
PMID:Age-related susceptibility to infection with canine distemper virus in gnotobiotic dogs. 100 16

The common separation of indications at the First University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vienna concerning the choice of extraction instrument in cases of operative termination of vaginal delivery out of vertex position is being demonstrated. When there is only a slight increase of resistance in the delivery mechanism, when the child is mature, when there is no attitude of deflexion, and where there is no real reason for a speedy termination of delivery, the vacuum extractor comes into use. In cases of child emergency, of considerable increase of delivery mechanism resistance, of immaturity and attitude of deflexion, an extraction by means of obstetrical forceps is performed. Out of 547 deliveries terminated by means of extraction the sub- and postpartal mortality amounted to 2,19%. The number of prematures (7,5%) in this material did not differ from the total delivery material of the clinic. After forceps extraction 5 out of 419 children (2,8%) died. After vacuum extraction one child out of 105 (0,95%) died. In 23 cases where obstetrical forceps had to be used after vacuum extraction 2 children died (8,7%). The morbidity of the children was measured by means of the Apgar Score and of the injury frequency. Here the two extraction methods showed no significant differencies. The combined application of both extraction instruments however, showed an increase of morbidity. Injuries of the mother were almost exclusively found after forceps extraction.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1975 Dec
PMID:[About the choice of extraction instrument for vaginal operative termination in vertex presentation (author's transl)]. 121 60

The development of the structure and function of chemosensory apparatus of the tongue of mature and immature mammals was studied by scanning electron microscopy and in behavioral tests. Heterochronic development of receptors structures of dorsal surface of the tongue was established. At birth the chemoreceptors of body and root of the tongue were relatively mature in morphological aspects (the number of taste buds with pore). Taste pores in buds of anterior part of the tongue were found immediately at birth in mature and at the third week of postnatal period in immature animals. Behavioral tests found functional immaturity of chemosensory structures. Immature pups were able to recognize flavoured solutions only on the 7-10 day of age, and preference-aversion reactions of mature pups appeared to the third day of age. The data obtained are discussed in the respect of different ways of adaptation to food contacts with environment of the pups of mature and immature animals.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1992 Dec
PMID:[The chemosensory support of feeding behavior in precocial and altricial mammals during ontogeny]. 129 71


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