Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experiments on puppies of the first month of postnatal life, subjected to intermittent oxygen deficiency (2 hours of simulated altitude of 8.000 m daily within 12 days), studies have been made on the number of leucocytes in 1 mm3 of the peripheral blood, leucocyte formula, phagocytic and motor activities of mature neutrophils, their glycogen content, vacuolization degree and osmotic fragility. Age changes were found in the reaction of leucocytic system to intermittent hypoxia. In contrast to adult dogs, puppies react already to 3 and 6 exposures to hypoxia by the decrease of absolute content of phagocytes, phagocytic and motor activities of neutrophils. These changes are presumably due to immaturity of functional mechanisms of regulation of the blood system at the given stage of postnatal ontogenesis.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of intermittent hypoxia on leukocyte function in puppies in the first month of life]. 9 41

The authors presented their own material of years 1974-1977. During this period 8788 children were born, in it 737 (8,3%) with low birth weight (below 2500 g). Retrolental fibroplasia was diagnosed in 4 children, it was 0,5% of newborns with low birth weight, and 0,04% of the all live-borns. The retrolental fibroplasia was diagnosed in: 1) the child born in 27 week of pregnancy with 1000 g of body weight, 2) in two children born in 32-33 week of pregnancy with 1450 g and 1350 g of body weight, 3) in a child born in 31 week of pregnancy with 1600 g of body weight. The infants were nursed in incubators with about 30% of oxygen during 36 to 46 days. Contemporary hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia, atelectasia of lungs with respiratory insufficiency were diagnosed. In the discussion the authors underlined the role of immaturity and hypoxia of the premature baby, which play the role in the secondary injury of vessel's walls of retina. The disturbancy of carbohydrate and protein metabolism were certainly secondary pathogenic agent sin retrolental fibroplasia. There exists the necessity of oxygen therapy of premature baby, but to take cre of the infant in the incubator does not mean the necessity of oxygen therapy . Even with controlled oxygen dosage in incubator the retrolental fibroplasia may occur as a result of relative hyperoxydation induced by the constriction of retina vessels. The authors underlined the necessity of repeated ophthalmologic examination of premature babies in about every 2 weeks, what makes very early diagnosis possible.
 ...
PMID:[Risk of damage to the organ of vision in low birth weight infants]. 26 40

Diseases which manifest with the respiratory distress in the newborn include 1) respiratory diseases-IRDS, type II RDS, neonatal asphyxia, and MAS etc. 2) anemia, CHD 3) CNS and 4) metabolic diseases. Among these, IRDS has high mortality rate because of the lack of the pulmonary surfactant and immaturity of respiratory center, and has many difficult problems in terms of its prevention and respiratory management. The points of its respiratory management are as follows: 1) Estimation of the level of arterial oxygen ation-this is the most important point. It has become possible, these days, to monitor continuous oxygenation using a transcutaneous oxygen electrode. 2) Knowledge of the physiology & management of apnea, and monitoring of heart rate and respiration. 3) Correction of acidosis & anemia and the nutritional supply by the intraveonous fluid administration. 4) Airway maintenance. 5) Oxygen administration to main PaO2 or tc PO2 of 60--80 mmHg. 6) Artificial ventilation by CPAP or IMV and 7) The specific drug therapy includes indomethacin for PDA associated with IRDS, Tolazoline for the fetal circulation syndrome, and Xanthine derivatives for primary apnea. 8) However, improvement by exchange transfusion has been contro-versial. On the other hand, in the type II RDS which has a relatively good prognosis, the intact survival can be expected by means of the proper management of general condition and respiration. In MAS, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and severe asphyxia, the proper resuscitation, oxygen administration should be given according to several conditions, especially the degree of hypoxia. The peritoneal dialysis can be lifesaving in case of severe renal impairment with RD. As the respiratory distress in the newborn is very frequent in its occurrence and death rate, its proper management is expected to result in the decrease in the newborn death rate in Hokkaido (8.1--6.6 per 1,000 live births) and the increase in the survival rate without any handicap, particularly if hospitals in each Hokkaido district give the newborn medical care more intensively than at present.
 ...
PMID:[Respiratory distress in the newborn (author's transl)]. 39 87

We report 22 cases of hepatic necrosis following catheterization of the umbilical vein. The morphology of the necrotic lesions, which were confined to the left lobe in 21 patients, was that of an anemic infarct. Their causes are multiple and include intimal damage during the insertion of the catheter with consecutive thrombosis of portal vein branches, the postpartum immaturity of the arterial hepatic oxygen supply, postpartum hypoxia due to respiratory failure of cerebral or pulmonary origin, obstruction of portal venous flow through the catheter as such, the postpartum involution of the left hepatic lobe, and prolonged periods of catheterization. Toxic damage of the hepatic parenchyma due to an infusion of Tris buffer through the catheter into the portal venous system is a potential additional factor.
 ...
PMID:Anemic necrosis of the liver after umbilical vein catheterization. 42 93

A retrospective study of 299 successive infants who were ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) showed that 62 (21%) developed radiographic stage VI bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The largest, most mature, and least ill infants tended to survive without developing BPD; the smallest, least mature, and most ill infants tended to die without developing BPD. The patients who developed BPD tended to be intermediate in terms of weight, maturity, and severity of disease; they required longer exposures to elevated oxygen and assisted ventilation than patients who did not develop BPD. The data suggest that in addition to varying individual susceptibility (primarily degree of immaturity and initial severity of disease), elevated oxygen is more important than mechanical ventilation in the pathogenesis of BPD.
 ...
PMID:Twelve years' experience with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 86 36

The transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) response to blood interruption (BIS test) was measured in 6 healthy adults and 28 infants, including premature infants. The response was similar in both infants and adults with a time lag at the beginning of blood interruption, a subsequent linear decrease, a time lag at the end of blood interruption, and an exponential recovery to the final steady state. The linear decrease of tcPO2 in the BIS test had a correlation coefficient of more than 0.98 in all subjects and indicated the cutaneous oxygen consumption rate independent of the oxygen pressure. There was a significant difference in oxygen consumption according to birth weight in the infants (< 2 kg, 2-3 kg, and > 3 kg). The recovery time constant for infants was 13 seconds which was about 1.4 times faster than that for adults, and it increased significantly along with a higher birth weight. The time lag at blood interruption was longer than that at blood recovery. The time lag for infants was significantly shorter than that for adults, and in infants there was a significant difference between the group with a birth weight < 2 kg and the others (p < 0.005). All of the parameters of the BIS test suggested the physiological immaturity of premature infants.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of the tcPO2 response to blood interruption in infants and adults. 147 20

Apgar scores are used routinely to assess early neonatal status, but are less accurate in the preterm neonate because of developmental immaturity. Attention has been directed to umbilical cord gases as a method of neonatal evaluation. Using a retrospective chart review of all viable preterm births (24-36 weeks' gestation) between January 1986 and December 1989, we tabulated the umbilical cord gas indices of these infants. Fetuses with lethal congenital anomalies and those with abnormal heart rate tracings on admission were excluded from the data base, leaving 1872 infants. Cord arterial blood gas values were available for analysis in 74.4% of cases and cord venous gas values in 81.8%. The mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) arterial and venous umbilical cord blood gas values for the preterm infants, were, respectively: pH, 7.26 +/- 0.08 and 7.33 +/- 0.07; oxygen pressure, 19.0 +/- 7.9 and 29.2 +/- 9.7 mmHg; carbon dioxide pressure, 53.0 +/- 10.0 and 43.4 +/- 8.3 mmHg; bicarbonate, 24.0 +/- 2.3 and 22.8 +/- 2.1 mEq/L; and base excess, -3.2 +/- 2.9 and -2.6 +/- 2.5 mEq/L. Acidemia was defined statistically as 2 SDs or more below the population mean. The incidence of 5-minute Apgar scores below 7 in the preterm infants was 8.5% and within this group, 17.8% were acidemic (arterial pH 7.10 or lower). More than 82% of neonates with 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7 had normal umbilical cord blood gases. There was no significant difference in umbilical arterial blood gas values between preterm infants and 1924 term deliveries at our institution between 1986-1988.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The effect of preterm birth on umbilical cord blood gases. 155 80

The pathogenesis of NC in VLBW infants appears to be multifactorial. The vulnerability of extreme immaturity and the underdevelopment of renal function may be the most important variables. In some ways, we view this problem as similar to that of retinopathy of prematurity. (Clearly the exposure of the retina to high partial pressures of oxygen contributes to the development of retinopathy of prematurity but other variables--some known, such as an immature retina, and others not yet defined--must be present.) Hypercalciuria is common in the VLBW infant, yet not all develop NC. Decreased glomerular filtration rate, low citrate excretion, and frequently an alkaline urine are in part due to the immaturity of renal function of these infants. The need for prolonged hyperalimentation resulting in increased oxalate excretion and the development of BPD frequently requiring diuretics that may cause phosphaturia and magnesium depletion and that may increase calcium excretion are more common in the smallest and sickest of premature infants. Even transient insults to the kidneys, such as hypoxia or hypotension or the use of nephrotoxic drugs that provoke tubular injury and cell death with the probability of crystal formation and growth by way of heterogeneous nucleation, are likely to occur more frequently in this vulnerable population.
 ...
PMID:Nephrocalcinosis. 157 67

Early investigators suggested that endurance training had little influence upon the aerobic function of the prepubescent child. It is shown that the twin explanations of this supposed phenomenon (a high intrinsic level of physical activity and an immaturity of biochemical systems) have little foundation. Moreover, critical examination of the original experiments shows a number of problems of experimental design, often including an inadequate sample size, a lack of control group, an inappropriate pattern of training relative to the initial fitness of the child, and too short a period of observation. Recent, well-designed studies all show a response in prepubescent children. Comparison with adults is hampered by difficulties in matching training intensity, but there is no immediate evidence that the training response of the prepubescent child is less than in an older person. The main basis for the increase of oxygen transport seems an increase of cardiac stroke volume. Plainly, the development of athletic performance and the attack upon cardiac risk factors can be begun before puberty, although in the average prepubescent it may be more important for the school programmes to develop positive, lifelong attitudes, than to maximise aerobic function.
 ...
PMID:Effectiveness of training programmes for prepubescent children. 157 77

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administered as a mixture of oxygen and compressed air via nasal prongs has dramatically improved survival rates and lessened the frequency of barotrauma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome. Associated with the increased use of nasal CPAP has been the development of marked bowel distension (CPAP belly syndrome), which occurs as the infant's respiratory status improves and the baby becomes more vigorous. To identify contributing factors, we prospectively compared 25 premature infants treated with nasal CPAP with 29 premature infants not treated with nasal CPAP. Infants were followed up for development of distension, defined clinically as bulging flanks, increased abdominal girth, and visibly dilated intestinal loops. We evaluated birth weight, weight at time of distension, method of feeding (oral, orogastric tube), and treatment with nasal CPAP and correlated these factors with radiologic findings. Of the infants who received nasal CPAP therapy, gaseous bowel distension developed in 83% (10/12) of infants weighing less than 1000 g, but in only 14% (2/14) of those weighing at least 1000 g. Only 10% (3/29) of infants not treated with nasal CPAP had distension, and all three weighed less than 1000 g. Presence of sepsis and method of feeding did not correlate with occurrence of distension. Neither necrotizing enterocolitis nor bowel obstruction developed in any of the patients with a diagnosis of CPAP belly syndrome. Our study shows that nasal CPAP, aerophagia, and immaturity of bowel motility in very small infants were the major contributors to the development of benign gaseous bowel distension.
 ...
PMID:Benign gaseous distension of the bowel in premature infants treated with nasal continuous airway pressure: a study of contributing factors. 172 37


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>