Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Raine (1989) reviewed the literature on event-related potentials (ERPs) in psychopathic adults and antisocial adolescents and concluded that findings support an extended sensation-seeking model of psychopathy. Specifically, he suggested that P3 findings were indicative of unusually enhanced attentional processing in psychopaths. It will be argued in this paper that evidence from recent ERP studies is insufficient to challenge notions of information processing deficit in psychopathy, and that an extended 'cortical immaturity' hypothesis can better account for psychopathic behaviour than the model proposed by Raine.
Int J Psychophysiol 1989 Sep
PMID:Psychopathy and P3 amplitude: a commentary on Raine. 268 32

Raine (1989) reviewed all evoked potential studies carried out to date and developed an information-processing model of psychopathy from the findings of these studies. Jutai (1989) and Howard (1989) have outlined conceptual and empirical criticism of this model and a reply is made to these comments. Some are found to be invalid, while acceptance of others was not found to necessitate a rejection of the model. However, caveats made in the original paper are reiterated here. The cortical immaturity model outlined by Jutai (1989) as a counter-explanation to that proposed by Raine (1989) is evaluated, and criticisms of this alternative are outlined. It is argued that further progress to a more complete understanding of of psychopathy will be achieved by empirically testing these and other models.
Int J Psychophysiol 1989 Sep
PMID:Evoked potential models of psychopathy: a critical evaluation. 268 35

From April-September 1986, researchers asked all 14-19 year old females attending the University of California at San Francisco's Teen Colposcopy Clinic to take part in an epidemiologic study of risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The 4 comparison groups consisted of a CIN group, a high risk group (external warts or abnormal Pap smear, no CIN, similar behavioral risk factors as CIN group), as asymptomatic group, and a symptomatic group (negative Pap smears and lower genital tract infection complaints). The CIN group was more likely to smoke or have smoked than the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (p.01) and to use oral contraceptives than the asymptomatic group (p.02). In addition, patients with CIN had more lifetime sexual partners than did the asymptomatic group (p.001). The teens in the CIN group reached menarche on average 1 year later than did those in any of the comparison groups (p.05). This also had a greater area of ectopy than the other 3 groups (p.02). External genital warts occurred more often in the CIN group than in either the asymptomatic or symptomatic groups (p.001). Further, the CIN and high risk groups were more likely to have had any sexually transmitted disease than the asymptomatic (p.001) or symptomatic (p.01) groups. In addition, chlamydiosis occurred more often in the CIN group than in the asymptomatic (p.001) or symptomatic groups (p.03). The results indicate that cervical biologic immaturity may play an important role in development of CIN in adolescents. They also showed that CIN patients had more ectopy than the others thereby demonstrating that cervical biologic immaturity may rend the epithelium vulnerable to human papilloma virus invasion and neoplastic change.
J Pediatr 1989 Sep
PMID:Differences in biologic maturation, sexual behavior, and sexually transmitted disease between adolescents with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 276 12

Serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (ChE) activity in infantile and juvenile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) was determined. The total AChE activity was either normal or decreased in the childhood SMA (Type 1), the other SMA groups and disease controls (ALS, X-linked SMA). In the majority of SMA Type 1 cases (6/7 tested) an absence of the asymmetric A12 form was found. This was accompanied by changes in the other asymmetric and globular forms. The latter was, however, not specific for SMA Type 1 cases. The ChE activity was increased in the majority of SMA cases as well as disease controls. The asymmetric A12 ChE form was increased in all SMA Type 3 cases, the values of this form in SMA Type 1 was variable. A change in the ChE globular forms in SMA Type 1 and SMA Type 2 was a frequent finding. It is suggested that the absence of the asymmetric A12 AChE form in SMA Type 1 arises because of muscle cell immaturity and undeveloped muscle-nerve interactions. The reason of ChE changes is obscure.
Acta Neurol Scand 1989 Sep
PMID:Serum cholinesterase activity in infantile and juvenile spinal muscular atrophy. 280 Oct 18

A 15-year-old boy with 18 q-syndrome manifesting a status epilepticus is reported. He has been already diagnosed as epilepsy because of grand mal seizures at six months earlier, and abnormal EEG findings. Unilateral status epilepticus developed at 15 years of age, which were characterized by alternative repetition of horizontal nystagmus to the right and clonic convulsion of the right (mainly upper) extremities every several minutes. Ictal EEG showed continuous 2 Hz high voltage slow waves superimposed by spikes and polyspikes which transformed to localized, irregular spike discharges in the left occipital region at the end of the status. The chromosomal study revealed a partial deletion of the long arm of No. 18. He had severe mental retardation, and a typical karyotype for 18 q-syndrome with reduced prominence of the midface region, short stature and whorls on all finger tips. The immaturity of the brain probably relates to this kind of unilateral status epilepticus.
No To Hattatsu 1989 Sep
PMID:[A case of 18 q-syndrome associated with status epilepticus]. 280

Lymphocytes from patients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are in most cases predominantly of the Leu-2+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) phenotypes and are almost unresponsive to mitogens. In contrast, normal Leu-3+-depleted, Leu-2+-enriched lymphocyte suspensions retain approximately 50% of the mitogenic response compared with that of unseparated cells. To investigate whether this discrepancy was due to active suppression, we selected nine BMT patients from whom sufficient numbers of cells were available and whose lymphocyte phenotypes were predominantly Leu-2+ after BMT. These post-BMT lymphocytes were tested for functional suppressor activities against donor and recipient pre-BMT lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test. None of these post-BMT cells suppressed the response of donor or pre-BMT cells to phytohaemagglutinin A or concanavalin A. In contrast, the response of donor cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures to HLA-DR-different third-party cells was suppressed by highly X-irradiated post-BMT cells by approximately 40%. Addition of T-cell growth factor (= interleukin 2 (IL-2)) or X-irradiated donor cells to post-BMT lymphocytes partially restored the mitogenic response. These findings indicate that the early post-BMT cells lack production of IL-2 but are capable of responding to IL-2 and that the almost extinct mitogen response of these cells is due to immaturity rather than active suppression. The suppression of the allogeneic but not the mitogenic response might be explained by differences in the modes of activation; for example, the allogeneic response must involve the T-cell receptor, while the mitogenic response may not.
Scand J Immunol 1985 Sep
PMID:The immunodeficiency of bone marrow-transplanted patients. The effect of patient lymphocytes on the response of donor lymphocytes to mitogens and allogeneic cells. 293 97

Rats and mice were given amiodarone by mouth at doses of 50 mg/kg/day. The drug induced accumulations of lipids within lysosomes, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic bodies. These were found in many tissues, both nervous and nonnervous, but were excluded from regions with blood-brain or blood-nerve barriers. Of nervous system regions lying outside a vascular barrier, autonomic ganglia were the most affected, with large accumulations of lysosomal bodies in nerve cells and processes, and evidence of degenerative changes. the myenteric plexus was also involved. No significant changes were seen in peripheral nerves. A limited period of increased permeability caused by nerve crush, or due to immaturity of the blood-nerve barrier resulted in the short-lived appearance of drug-induced inclusions. The rate of regeneration of axons following nerve crush was not affected, although there were small defects in myelination.
Brain 1985 Sep
PMID:The pathology of amiodarone neurotoxicity. I. Experimental studies with reference to changes in other tissues. 299 8

Anterior pituitary glands were removed from male rats at 5, 10, 15, 18, 21, 28, 30, 40, 50 and 90 days of age, and the multiple forms of FSH present within them were separated by polyacrylamide gel-isoelectric focusing (PAGE-IEF; pH range 3.0-8.0). Gel eluents were analysed for FSH content by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a specific radioreceptor assay (RRA). All pituitaries studied exhibited one or more peaks of immunoactive FSH within a pH range of 7.0-3.0; the major peak exhibited an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.9-4.0. Between 25 and 56% of anterior pituitary FSH obtained from rats 5-30 days old focused within a pH range of 4.9-4.5, whilst in older animals (greater than or equal to 40 days) this pH range contained 17-27% of the total FSH recovered. In contrast, in animals 40-90 days old, the greatest proportion of immunoactive FSH (42-62% of the total immunoactivity recovered) focused within a pH range of 4.4-4.0; further, only these groups of animals exhibited a significant proportion of anterior pituitary FSH with a pI less than or equal to 3.9. Between 14 and 21% of total FSH from 5- to 30-day-old rats focused within a pH range of 5.4-5.0, whereas in older animals this pH range contained 6-9% of the total FSH recovered. These shifts in FSH pI occurred at the time of appearance of spermiogenesis, at 45 days of age. Although the ratio of the concentration of FSH measured by RRA to that measured by RIA declined as the pI of the anterior pituitary FSH decreased throughout a pH range of 7.0-4.0, the most acidic FSH molecules (pI less than 4.0) showed an abrupt increase in that ratio. These results demonstrate that the transition from sexual immaturity to adulthood is accompanied by qualitative changes of intracellular pituitary FSH. They contrast with previous findings in female rats in which a shift to less acidic anterior pituitary FSH forms was detected at the time of vaginal opening, thus indicating the existence of a sexual dichotomy in terms of the action of gonadal steroids on the type of FSH molecule synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland.
J Endocrinol 1986 Sep
PMID:Microheterogeneity of anterior pituitary FSH in the male rat: isoelectric focusing pattern throughout sexual maturation. 309 23

The differentiation status of T and B cells was evaluated in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), selective IgA deficiency (IgA), X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with the use of conventional lymphocyte markers and four new monoclonal antibodies that identify lymphocyte subpopulations. These antibodies are HB 4, which identifies a subpopulation of resting B cells; HB 5, which identifies the C3d/EBV receptor on mature B cells; HB 7, which identifies immature B lymphocytes; and HB 10, which reacts with virgin but not activated or memory T cells. T and B cells from the IgA patients typically had normal phenotypic profiles, whereas diverse patterns of lymphocyte maturation were observed in CVI. In 11 of 16 CVI patients, B cells had normal antigenic phenotypes. Although B cells from four other CVI patients had normal frequencies of HB 5 and HB 7 antigen expression, few expressed the HB 4 antigen, suggesting that they were activated. In contrast, a large percentage of B cells from one CVI patient were of an immature phenotype. The expression of the HB 10 antigen by T cells in CVI patients was also variable, being normal in 10 of 16 patients, yet significantly decreased in six others. The vast majority of the limited numbers of IgM B cells from five XLA patients (greater than 100-fold reduction) has an immature phenotype (HB 4-5-7+). Interestingly, the circulating T cells in XLA patients were phenotypically similar to those in normal newborns, suggesting that T cell immaturity or defective T cell activation may occur in these B cell-deficient individuals. Circulating B cells from AIDS patients were mostly HB 7-, with variable expression of the HB 4 antigen and significantly decreased expression of the HB 5 antigen. Most of the T cells from AIDS patients were HB 10-, and thus appeared to be activated.
J Immunol 1985 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of lymphocyte differentiation in primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases. 316 Jul 79

The contribution of middle ear immaturities to the development of cochlear microphonic potential (CM) responses was studied throughout the ontogeny of auditory function in the Mongolian gerbil. CM produced by direct mechanical stimulation of the stapes was compared with CM generated by acoustic stimulation of the intact ear at various postnatal ages. The results indicated that during development acoustically generated CM reflects middle ear as well as inner ear maturational factors. With direct stapes driving, CM was first elicited at 10 days after birth (DAB), two days earlier than with acoustic stimulation. Controlling for the contributions of middle ear immaturity, maturation of the inner ear accounted for approximately a 75 dB improvement in CM thresholds between 10 and 18 DAB. Comparisons between the results obtained with the acoustic and stapes driving stimulation protocols suggested that the major maturational changes in the middle ear conduction apparatus occurred between 14 and 16 DAB. This period was associated with the final stages of resorption of middle ear mesenchyme and ossicular ossification. Before 16 DAB, acoustically evoked CM thresholds reflect approximately a 25 dB loss in sensitivity due to middle ear immaturity.
Hear Res 1988 Sep 15
PMID:Contributions of the middle ear to the development of function in the cochlea. 319 6


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