Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between one and six cultured human fetal pancreata were allografted into five insulin-dependent diabetic recipients and their progress monitored for a year on each occasion. To prevent rejection the tissue was cultured for 1-3 weeks before transplantation, the HLA-DR antigens of the donor tissue were matched with those of the recipient when a single pancreas was used, and four of the recipients were immunosuppressed, three because of coexisting renal grafts. Graft function was observed transiently in one of the recipients. In three others human fetal pancreas was recovered 9-14 months after transplantation, although it was being slowly rejected during this time. Beta cells were present in the graft but did not function adequately to enable immunoreactive C-peptide to be measured in peripheral blood. The issues of rejection and immaturity of the human fetal pancreas will need to be surmounted if the potential of the human fetal pancreas to normalize blood glucose levels in diabetic man is ever to be realized.
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PMID:Recovery of human fetal pancreas after one year of implantation in the diabetic patient. 290 87

To study the mechanism of imparied insulin secretion from rat fetal islets, the insulin responsiveness of islets from fetuses (day 21.5 of gestation) to a variety of secretagogues was compared with that of adult rat islets. Forskolin (30 microM)-induced insulin release from fetal and adult islets was 2.7-and 2.5-fold higher, respectively, than that from islets treated with 5.6 mM glucose alone. The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (200 nM) were also similar in fetal and adult islets. Thus, the responsiveness to forskolin and TPA showed no significant difference in adult and fetal islets. A synergistic effect of combinations of various insulin secretagogues was observed in adult islets; however, a weak synergistic effect was present with gliclazide plus TPA only in fetal islets. After islets were cultured in RPMI 1640 (containing 11.1 mM glucose), gliclazide-, forskolin-, and TPA-induced insulin release reached the levels obtained in adult islets. However, the synergistic effect of gliclazide and TPA disappeared after culture of the islets. These results suggest that the poor insulin secretion from fetal islets is not due to a defect in the activating system of either cAMP or C-kinase, but to the immaturity of the interaction of those messenger systems.
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PMID:Rat fetal islets as a useful model for the study of insulin release failure. 332 83

Stimulation of the surfactant production in fetal cells by ambroxol (metabolite VIII of bromhexine) has been investigated in human and animal experiments. There are no contraindications for the prenatal use of ambroxol, which is also well tolerated in high dose. Therefore the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vienna took part in a multicentric clinical trial, where the allocation between cortisone and ambroxol was randomised in a double blind fashion. The 1st Department included 34 women between 30 and 36 weeks of pregnancy with premature labour or indicated premature induction. Amniotic fluid samples were taken by amniocentesis before therapy to prove lung immaturity by measurement of the L/S ratio and the dynamic surface tension. Following doses were used for this clinical trial group A: 1,000 mg ambroxol in 500 ml 5% glucose infusion i.v. daily from day 1 to day 5 and 2 ml placebo-injection i.m. on day 1 and day 2, group B: 8 mg Betamethasone i.m. on day 1 and day 2 and 500 ml 5% glucose infusion with a placebo daily from day 1 to day 5. The patients were treated at least 3 days; in all cases amniotic fluid samples were taken after therapy, to examine the L/S ratio and the dynamic surface tension. 29 women of the 34 fulfilled the above criteria, 15 in group A and 14 in group B (1 twin pregnancy). With the pretreatment parameters of lung maturity being similar in both groups ambroxol was found to lead to a marked but not significant improvement of the L/S ratio and the surface tension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Ambroxol in comparison with betamethasone for the stimulation of antepartal lung maturity. A clinical double-blind study]. 351 90

Twenty-one placentae from type I (insulin-dependent) pregnant diabetic patients, treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), were studied morphologically. Despite a near-optimal blood glucose control the placental changes were identical to those previously reported in diabetic pregnancy. The most frequently observed lesion was that of relative placental immaturity; this, when extensive, was related to antenatal fetal asphyxia. These data indicate that near normoglycaemia, achieved with CSII, does not modify the morphological expression of the disease in the placenta. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of placental development in the context of diabetic pregnancy.
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PMID:Morphological findings in placentae of insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). 361 74

We examined the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on initial lumbar puncture in a prospective study including 126 patients (30 neonates, 96 infants and children) suspected of having meningitis. Twenty patients were considered to have bacterial and 25 were considered to have viral meningitis. In infants and children, a retrospectively chosen cut-off CRP titre of 4 (i.e. approximately equal to 0.4 mg/l CRP) had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% for differentiating bacterial meningitis from both viral meningitis and normal. It was a more sensitive and selective test for differentiating bacterial from viral meningitis on initial CSF examination than was the CSF leucocyte count, glucose concentration or protein concentration. In neonates, no such cut-off CRP titre could be found, presumably due to the immaturity of the blood-CSF-barrier (B1-CSF-B) during the first weeks of life. In a parallel study including a non-selected group of 13 infants and children (4 without, 9 with bacterial meningitis), the serum/CSF CRP concentration ratios were determined and inserted in the individual B1-CSF-B diagrams according to Felgenhauer. The results were fully consistent with the hypothesis that the CRP concentration in CSF reflects the normal permeability characteristics of the B1-CSF-B, or the degree of its impairment. Based on our results, we recommend the CSF CRP estimation in the routine evaluation of infants and children suspected of having meningitis.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in meningitis: diagnostic value and pathophysiology. 376 91

Growing neomucosa on patched intestinal defects has been investigated as a method of expanding the intestinal absorptive area. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of luminal factors on the rate of growth and function of neomucosa in rabbit ileum. A 2 X 5-cm distal ileal defect was patched with adjacent colon serosa in 10 New Zealand white male rabbits. A similar defect was patched in a bypassed ileal segment in an additional 10 rabbits. Five animals in each group were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks for determination of the gross and microscopic growth of neomucosa, glucose uptake, and disaccharidase activity. In addition, tritiated thymidine uptake was measured in neomucosa and incontinuity ileum at the 4-week sacrifice. Grossly, the patched defects were covered in nearly all animals by 4 weeks and coverage was complete at 8 weeks. Microscopically, the mucosa was less well developed in the bypassed group with a mean villous height significantly less than the incontinuity group (139.9 +/- 13.9 microns vs 212.33 +/- 30.3 microns, P less than 0.0005). In vitro uptake of [3H]thymidine was significantly higher in neomucosa in bypassed segments when compared with neomucosa in incontinuity segments (692.5 +/- 347.8 vs 278.0 +/- 134.8, P less than .05, expressed as percentage of normal incontinuity ileum). Glucose uptake was similar in both groups but disaccharidase activity was significantly less in the bypassed group. The increased uptake of [3H]thymidine in neomucosa in the bypassed segment may reflect the histologic immaturity of this tissue with a greater proportion of DNA synthesizing cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The importance of luminal factors in neomucosal growth. 394 70

In order to interrupt the late stages of pregnancy transcervical amniocentesis was applied. The amniotic fluid was replaced by solutions of sodium chloride or glucose. This operation took 10-15 minutes and was performed on 250 women aged from 13 to 40 years. Reasons for interruption of pregnancy were cardiovascular diseases (55 cases), liver problems (36 cases), immaturity of women (8 cases) and others. Before the replacement of the amniotic fluid folliculin injections were given. A comparison was made between 2 groups of women. In the first (28 women) the amniotic fluid was replaced by 400-500 ml of hypertensive solution of glucose (40%) and in the second (222 women) it was replaced by the same quantity of a sodium chloride solution (10% concentration). The expulsion of the fetus began after 34 hours in the 1st group and after 32 hours in the second. It took 6-8 and 4-6 hours respectively to complete the abortion. The loss of blood was 100-400 ml for the first and 100-500 ml for the 2nd group. When glucose was used an elevation by 20-30% of blood sugar occurred but this index returned to normal after 24 hours. Using the salt solution did not change the chloride concentration in the blood. On the basis of this study it was concluded that transcervical amniocentesis and the replacement of amniotic liquid by solutions of sodium chloride or glucose is an effective, accessible, and safe method for the interruption of the late stages of pregnancy.
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PMID:[Interruption of the late stages of pregnancy by means of transcervical amniocentesis and the replacement of the amniotic fluid]. 447 51

Six lamb fetuses at 63-101 days gestation had thyroidectomy (Thx) and were investigated at term for weights, radiologic study, serum thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations (TSH), electron-microscopic lung examination, acid base, blood flow, EEG, and brain metabolism. Compared to age-matched controls, body weight was significantly reduced (P less than .025). Brain and lung weights were reduced but not significantly. Brain weight as a percent of body weight was significantly increased in Thx fetuses (Thx = 1.85% +/- 0.18; control = 1.41% +/- 0.08; P less than .025). Hemoglobin was reduced (P less than .025), as was O2 content (P less than .005) and cerebral blood flow (P less than .05). Fetal T4 was low (Thx = 4.1 +/- 1.7 microgram %, control = 9.4 +/- 1.3 microgram %); (P less than .05). Fetal Thx cortisol, calcium, phosphate, glucose, lactate, pH, pO2, pCO2, O2 saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure remained unchanged. Thx-fetal brain O2 consumption and glucose consumption, as well as lactate production, were unchanged. EEG showed no consistent pattern of change regarding maturity, but did show immaturity with the two lowest T4 levels. Bone microradiographs showed growth and maturity retardation, specifically delayed epiphyseal closure, endochrondral ossification, and lack of secondary ossification centers in Thx fetuses. Electron-microscopic examination of lung showed Thx fetuses had fewer lamellar bodies in type II cells, fewer type II cells, and more glycogen granules. Thx causes fetal reduction of T4 and anemia, delays lung maturation and bone growth and maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Midtrimester thyroidectomy in the ovine fetus. 664 76

Catecholamines (DA, NE, E), methoxyamines (MT, NMN, MN), DOPA and DOPAC were studied in urine of term small for gestational age infants (SGA) and preterm with appropriate birthweights for gestational age (PT) during the first ten days of life. Results were compared to values obtained for full term infants (FT). As a whole no deficit in urine catecholamines was observed in either group of SGA and PT neonates suggesting that capacities to synthesize catecholamines are already developed at birth. Furthermore, in SGA infants, adrenergic function seems to be enhanced during the first four days of life; however, SGA infants with low blood glucose levels excreted amounts of epinephrine similar to those of FT neonates, but much lower than those obtained in normoglycemic SGA neonates. These data suggest that enhanced release of catecholamines is required in SGA infants to maintain the glycemic homeostasis. In premature infants, the adrenergic pattern was highly altered only in younger preterm neonates (31 weeks of gestational age) who excreted more catecholamines than older preterm babies (33 to 36 weeks) or full term neonates; this catecholamine increase in urine of young preterm infants might be related to immaturity of storage vesicles and/or to thermoregulatory or respiratory events. On the other hand, a striking deficit in excretion of DOPAC was observed in small for gestational age infants and in young preterm neonates during the first ten days of life. DOPAC excretion was even lower in SGA than in young preterm neonates. These findings suggest that the maturation of dopaminergic neurons occurs late in gestational age and is greatly dependent on nutritional factors.
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PMID:Neonatal pattern of adrenergic metabolites in urine of small for gestational age and preterm infants. 677 54

A hematological picture simulating that seen in cases of leukemia often occurs in a variety of conditions. We recently treated a patient who had a leukemoid reaction in the peripheral blood while he was on parenteral nutrition. Throughout the period of treatment with parenteral nutrition, an abnormal shift towards immaturity in the neutrophilic granulocytes was seen, and the degree of this shift appeared to depend on the caloric intake. Moreover, the hematological picture resembling that seen in cases of leukemia disappeared shortly after discontinuation of the parenteral nutrition, and immature cells were no longer apparent. We assumed that the excess glucose-related calories included in parenteral nutrition produced the leukemoid reaction in this patient who was being surgically treated for carcinoma of the colon with hepatic metastasis.
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PMID:Leukemoid reaction associated with parenteral nutrition. 679 18


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