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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses at four points of time in a random sample of 109 accidentally injured adults via audio taped semistructured interviews and self-assessment rating scales. Neither the subjects appraisal of death or disability, nor the emotional responses corresponded strongly to the severity of the physical injury sustained or the "objective" threat to life but, instead, reflected, to a large extent, the personal meaning of the injury or the accident. Dissociative responses reported by 17 persons were of short duration and associated with young age and immaturity, and did not predict or a poor longterm post-traumatic psychiatric course. Ratings of intrusion, avoidance and anxiety were more strongly associated with psychopathology than "objective" danger or injury severity. This study indicates that following civilian trauma, the cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses are strongly related to preaccident and accident-independent life circumstances. The findings question the validity of the DSM-IIIR criterion of stressors of PTSD in civilian accidents, and suggest that post-traumatic mental disorders should be evaluated in much the same way as psychiatric disorders after physical illness.
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PMID:Psychological appraisal and emotional response to physical injury: a clinical, phenomenological study of 109 adults. 141 May 39

To evaluate the relationship between soft neurological signs and various proposed dimensions of impulsivity (behavioral and cognitive), 31 boys (6-13 years, mean +/- SD 10.1 +/- 1.8) with disruptive behavior disorders, and 45 age-matched boys without DSM-III-R pathology, were independently assessed on clinical ratings of impulsivity, a battery of cognitive tests intended to score impulsive responding, and a neurological examination for soft signs. After being corrected for age, neurological soft signs correlated positively with impulsive responding on the Matching Familiar Figures Test (inpatients and normals) and the Continuous Performance Test (in normals), but not with IQ or clinical impulsivity rating scores. These findings suggest a relationship between neurological dysfunction/immaturity and performance on specific tasks requiring response inhibition, thus adding value to the cognitive assessment of impulsivity.
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PMID:Soft neurological signs and impulsivity in children. 236 31

The case report discussed here presents the evolution of a conversion disorder (urinary retention) in response to a decision to terminate a pregnancy. According to the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM 3), the following are the current criteria for a diagnosis of conversion (psychogenic pain): the predominant disturbance is a loss of or alteration in physical functioning suggesting a physical disorder; psychological factors are judged to be etiologically involved as evidenced by 1 of the following--a temporal relationship exists between an environmental stimulus that apparently related to a psychological conflict or need and the initiation or exacerbation of the symptom, the symptom enables the individual to get support from the environment that otherwise might not be forthcoming, and the symptom enables the individual to avoid some noxious activity; it has been determined that the symptom is not under voluntary control; and the symptom cannot be explained by a known physical disorder or pathophysiologic mechanism. A 25-year old single white woman (para 0, gravida 1) was hospitalized for termination of pregnancy at 22 weeks of gestation. The patient told her physician that she did not know she was pregnant. The operative procedure was uncomplicated, and the patient was discharged. 5 days later she presented to the emergency room with the complaint that she was unable to void. Following catheterization, which recovered 800 mL of urine, the patient returned home. Within 24 hours she again complained of an inability to void. Admission to the gynecological service resulted in a 16-day stay involving a continued inability to void requiring repeated catheterizations. Psychiatric consultation revealed marked immaturity, an inappropriately labile affect, and indifference to her symptoms. A history of occasional substance abuse was elicited. Upon transfer to the psychiatric inpatient service, the patient began to void spontaneously. The reported incidence of psychiatric sequelae after therapeutic or legal abortion is low, but the degree of preabortion emotional difficulty appears in direct proportion to the incidence of postabortion behavioral complications. The selection of a target organ for conversion is often based upon its ability to achieve symbolic representation. In the case presented the anatomic proximity of the bladder and uterus is cogent with the Freudian concent of somatic compliance whereby a previous somatic injury or disease may dictate the conversion focus by reactivation of the original event.
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PMID:Conversion disorder following termination of pregnancy. 684 39

Enuresis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common childhood disorders that often co-occur. Although each has been linked to neurodevelopmental immaturity and increased risk for psychopathology, the clinical correlates of enuresis remain unclear. Subjects were 140 6-17-year-old boys with DSM-III-R ADHD and 120 non-ADHD controls. Information on enuresis and psychiatric diagnoses was obtained in a standardized manner blind to the child's clinical status. Our results show that (1) enuresis did not increase the risk for psychopathology in children with or without ADHD; (2) enuresis was not associated with psychosocial adversity or developmental immaturity; (3) enuresis was associated with increased risk for learning disability, impaired intellectual functioning, and impaired school achievement in normal control children but not in children with ADHD; and (4) the same pattern of findings was obtained after stratifying children with enuresis by primary versus secondary and by nocturnal versus diurnal subtypes. These results suggest that the clinical implications of enuresis may differ for ADHD and non-ADHD children.
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PMID:Clinical correlates of enuresis in ADHD and non-ADHD children. 755 50

Infantile colic is a benign process in which an infant has paroxysms of inconsolable crying for more than three hours per day, more than three days per week, for longer than three weeks. It affects approximately 10% to 40% of infants worldwide and peaks at around six weeks of age, with symptoms resolving by three to six months of age. The incidence is equal between sexes, and there is no correlation with type of feeding (breast vs. bottle), gestational age, or socioeconomic status. The cause of infantile colic is not known; proposed causes include alterations in fecal microflora, intolerance to cow's milk protein or lactose, gastrointestinal immaturity or inflammation, increased serotonin secretion, poor feeding technique, and maternal smoking or nicotine replacement therapy. Colic is a diagnosis of exclusion after a detailed history and physical examination have ruled out concerning causes. Parental support and reassurance are key components of the management of colic. Simethicone and proton pump inhibitors are ineffective for the treatment of colic, and dicyclomine is contraindicated. Treatment options for breastfed infants include the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) and reducing maternal dietary allergen intake. Switching to a hydrolyzed formula is an option for formula-fed infants. Evidence does not support chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, infant massage, swaddling, acupuncture, or herbal supplements.
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PMID:Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment. 2644 41

Lignocellulose biorefinery encompasses process engineering and biotechnology tools for the processing of lignocellulosic biomass for the manufacturing of bio-based products (such as biofuels, bio-chemicals, biomaterials). While, lignocellulose biorefinery offers clear value proposition, success at industrial level has not been vibrant for the commercial production of renewable chemicals and fuels. This is because of high capital and operating expenditures, irregularities in biomass supply chain, technical process immaturity, and scale up challenges. As a result, commercial production of biochemicals and biofuels with right economics is still lagging behind. To hit the market place, efforts are underway by bulk and specialty chemicals producing companies like DSM (Succinic acid, Cellulosic ethanol), Dow-DuPont (1,3-Propanediol, 1,4-Butanediol), Clariant-Global bioenergies-INEOS (bio-isobutene), Braskem (Ethylene, polypropylene), Raizen, Gran-bio and POET-DSM (Cellulosic ethanol), Amyris (Farnesene), and several other potential players. This paper entails the concept of lignocellulose biorefinery, technical challenges for industrialization of renewable fuels and bulk chemicals and future directions.
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PMID:The path forward for lignocellulose biorefineries: Bottlenecks, solutions, and perspective on commercialization. 2996 Aug 25