Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four appendicectomies were performed during intra-uterine pregnancy at the Department of Surgery of the University Central Hospital, Turku, in the period 1963--77. Six out of 14 cases of appendicitis occurred in the third trimester. The incidence of appendicitis during pregnancy was 1 : 1 445. In 9 cases the appendices removed were normal. The diagnostic difficulties were greatest during the final phase of pregnancy. The location of palpation tenderness in these cases differed from that in the cases with a normal appendix. Fever was generally slight and was sometimes completely absent. The appendix had perforated in 2 cases in both of which premature delivery occurred on the third postoperative day. The infant died in one of these two cases because of immaturity. The pregnancy of the other patients continued uneventfully to term. Appendicitis and appendecectomy performed in good time generally do not involve risk for the continued progress of pregnancy. Progesterone or isoxuprine may have beneficial effect on the course of the pregnancy.
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PMID:Appendicectomy during pregnancy. 53 41

Cycling adult female hamsters can be induced to mate and ovulate 24 h early by the injection of 20 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 1500 h on Day 3 (day before proestrus), but pregnancy is not established. Although there is evidence of decreased sperm transport in precociously ovulated females, this does not appear to be the primary cause of infertility. Reduced size and vascularity of corpora lutea (CL) in treated females suggests incomplete or failed CL activation. Control and hCG-treated females were killed by exsanguination under ether anesthesia at intervals for the first 5 days after mating. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Luteinizing hormone in treated animals was very high at 2200 h on Day 1 after mating (31 h after the hCG injection), due to endogenous release, and dropped below control levels thereafter. Follicle-stimulating hormone, by contrast, was significantly lower than controls at 2200 h on Day 1 and remained low until 2200 h on Day 3 after mating. Prolactin in treated animals was not different from that in controls, except for 1000 h on Day 4, when it showed a significant dip. Estradiol in treated animals was significantly higher than in controls at 2200 h on Day 1 (when LH was also high and FSH was low), and remained high at 1000 h and 2200 h on Day 2, dropping thereafter to control levels. Progesterone was initially at control levels but had dropped significantly by 1000 h on Day 2 and remained low for the next 24 h. These results suggest that pregnancy failure is due to inadequate activation of corpora lutea. This may be due to: 1) immaturity of follicles at the time of ovulation; 2) inappropriate timing of preovulatory events; 3) the luteolytic effects of high levels of LH or estradiol or both; 4) the low level of FSH in the early stages of corpus luteum development; or 5) a combination of the above. Abnormalities of prolactin secretion were not investigated in detail but cannot be ruled out at this time.
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PMID:Multiple causes of pregnancy failure in hamsters precociously ovulated by human chorionic gonadotropin. 393 83

Although oral contraception is the fertility control method most frequently selected by US adolescents, factors such as inconsistent usage, payment inability, and cognitive-emotional immaturity lead half of these young women to discontinue pill use in the first year. Norplant and Depo-Provera--long-acting hormonal methods that do not require daily compliance--offer the potential to reduce the number of unintended pregnancies among adolescents; however, no data exist on the use of either method in this population. Before Norplant and Depo-Provera can be unconditionally recommended for use by adolescents, numerous research questions must be addressed. For example, it must be determined whether the pregnancy rates and side effects (especially on bone deposition) are the same in adolescents as in adult women. The possibility that adolescents who use long-acting contraception will abandon condom use due to the low risk of pregnancy--and thus place themselves at increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases--must be assessed. For Norplant, the medical-legal issues and responsibilities regarding insertion and removal must be clarified. More research is needed on the impact of partner perceptions on method continuation. It must be determined whether the role of health care providers in ongoing reproductive health promotion will be diminished by the need for fewer clinic visits. Also in need of attention are the demographic factors associated with use of these methods and the impact of their initial high expense on accessibility. If the continuation rates among adolescents of Norplant and Depo-Provera do not exceed that for the pill, the invasiveness and high cost of these methods may outweigh their benefits.
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PMID:The use of Norplant and Depo Provera in adolescents. 766 81

Features of behaviour of mothers of singleton perinatal deaths collected over the 12-month period from 1 September 1986 to 31 August 1987 were compared with 9919 mothers of singleton infants born in September and October 1986 and surviving the first week of life, as part of the Jamaican Perinatal Mortality Survey. For perinatal deaths as a whole, and in the presence of maternal age and social and environmental features, logistic regression analyses showed that the following were independently related with higher risk of mortality: (1) deliberately trying to get pregnant; (2) ever having used Depo Provera; (3) not drinking alcohol in pregnancy; and (4) smoking cigarettes in pregnancy. There were no associations with coital frequency, ever using the contraceptive pill or smoking ganja (cannabis). Deaths were classified using the Wigglesworth scheme, and separate analyses carried out for the three major groups--antepartum fetal deaths, deaths from immaturity and deaths from intrapartum asphyxia. Antepartum fetal deaths were at increased risk if (1) mothers were deliberately trying to get pregnant or (2) they had ever used Depo Provera. Deaths from immaturity were not associated with any health behaviour variables. Deaths from intrapartum asphyxia were more likely if (1) the mother was deliberately trying to get pregnant or (2) she had never used an intrauterine contraceptive device.
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PMID:Does maternal behaviour influence the risk of perinatal death in Jamaica? 807 1

Distinct receptors mediate the vascular (V1) and renal (V2) effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Although ovine fetal AVP-induced antidiuresis can be demonstrated in early gestation (< 120 days; term 150 days), the early-gestation fetal renal responses to AVP are variable, including increases in urine flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). AVP V1 receptor predominance and/or V2 receptor system immaturity may contribute to variable early-gestation renal responses to AVP. To differentiate these possibilities, we assessed early-gestation fetal V2 receptor function in the presence and absence of V1 receptor-mediated effects by comparing the responses to AVP (a combined V1-V2 receptor agonist; n = 10; 112 +/- 2 days) with the selective V2-receptor agonist 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) (n = 5; 111 +/- 2 days). AVP infusion increased fetal mean arterial pressure (MAP; 36 +/- 1 to 44 +/- 2 mmHg) and decreased heart rate (197 +/- 2 to 171 +/- 3 beats/min); DDAVP infusion had no effect on MAP or heart rate. Free water clearance decreased in response to AVP (0.13 +/- 0.02 to 0.02 +/- 0.01 ml.min-1.kg-1) and DDAVP (0.21 +/- 0.04 to 0.04 +/- 0.02 ml.min-1.kg-1), and urine osmolality increased in response to both analogues (AVP: 145 +/- 4 to 283 +/- 15 mosmol/kgH2O; DDAVP: 146 +/- 5 to 244 +/- 32 mosmol/kgH2O).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vascular effects alter early-gestation fetal renal responses to vasopressin. 816 Aug 65

It has been found that the latency of epileptic seizures caused by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor 3-mercaptopropionate (3-MPA) is markedly longer in immature rats than in the adults. Time course of rat brain GAD inhibition was studied in 12-day-old and adult (90-day-old) animals following 3-MPA (70 mg/kg i.p.). GAD activity was determined by quantification of 14CO2 liberated from [1-(14)C]glutamate by supernatant 20,000 x g of brain homogenate prepared from rats killed at different intervals after 3-MPA administration. In adult rats, the enzyme activity decreased significantly by 14.1% even 1 min after 3-MPA administration and was decreasing gradually till the onset of seizures. In immature rats, GAD activity decrease after 1 min was by 41.4% and further decrease was smaller. Comparison of the time profiles of GAD changes in both groups confirmed our findings that in spite of delayed seizure onset, GAD inhibition in immature rats is more pronounced, probably due to immaturity of the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase activity by 3-mercaptopropionic acid has different time course in the immature and adult rat brains. 915 44

By comparison of dopplerometry results of right uterine artery and umbilical cords of a fetus with the histologic and morpho-stereometric data studies of the placenta, and also placental bed and myometrium in an operational material at Cesarian sections, a morphological basis of disturbances of communications in a functional system "mother-placenta-fetus" in hypotonic and hypertonic dysfunction of the uterus is revealed. The morphological picture of chronic placental insufficiency of the fetoplacentary form in the presence of pathological chorion immaturity is revealed in the development of weakness of activity. The uteroplacentary form of chronic placentaly insufficiency, incomplete gestation reorganization MPA and reduction morphometric parameters of a vascular channel miometrium documented formed discoordination of uterine muscles at child birth.
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PMID:[Morphofunctional characteristics of the placenta, placental bed and myometrium in abnormal labor activity]. 1557 82