Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two groups of retarded children (Down's Syndrome and nonDown's Syndrome retarded children, matched on MA and CA) were compared with a group of young (mean CA = 62 months) nonretarded children (matched on MA with the retarded children) on the ability to focus selectively to one or other ear during a dichotic listening task. All groups of children were able to focus on their nondominant ear to the extent that equal numbers of digits were reported from the left and the right channels. Given the complexity of the task and the immaturity of the children, the lack of a complete reversal in ear advantage under focussed attention is not surprising. However, the equivalent behaviour of the retarded children to that of the nonretarded children clarified the importance of cognitive processing for selective attention, by indicating that simple physiological maturation did not ensure the ability to focus on relevant material or the ability to resist distraction from unattended material.
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PMID:Selective attention to dichotic input of retarded children. 621 11

Neural systems related to cognitive and emotional processing were examined in adolescents using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten healthy adolescents performed an emotional oddball task. Subjects detected infrequent circles (targets) within a continual stream of phase-scrambled images (standards). Sad and neutral images were intermittently presented as task-irrelevant distracters (novels). As previously shown for adults, when the adolescents responded to the task-relevant targets, activation increased in the dorsal attention-executive system including the anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG), dorsal anterior cingulate (ACG), posterior cingulate (PCG), insula, and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Unlike adults, however, the adolescents exhibited strong activation to the emotional distracter images not only in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC), but also in the posterior middle frontal gyrus (pMFG) and in the parietal cortex. Those subjects who had stronger VmPFC activation to emotional distraction also had reduced activation in the aMFG during target detection, suggesting that emotional information may interfere with executive processing in these adolescents. In contrast, pMFG and PCG activation to emotional distracters was positively correlated with aMFG activation to targets, indicating a different role of these regions from the VmPFC. The pattern of activation to task-irrelevant emotional distraction suggests a possible immaturity of brain function in cognitive control over emotional distraction in adolescents.
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PMID:Neural substrates for processing task-irrelevant sad images in adolescents. 1817 63

The present study investigated the development of visuospatial working memory (VSWM) capacity and the efficiency of filtering in VSWM in adolescence. To this end, a group of IQ-matched adults and adolescents performed a VSWM change detection task with manipulations of WM-load and distraction, while performance and electrophysiological contralateral delay activity (CDA) were measured. The CDA is a lateralized ERP marker of the number of targets and distracters that are selectively encoded/maintained in WM from one hemifield of the memory display. Significantly lower VSWM-capacity (Cowan's K) was found in adolescents than adults, and adolescents' WM performance (in terms of accuracy and speed) also suffered more from the presence of distracters. Distracter-related CDA responses were partly indicative of higher distracter encoding/maintenance in WM in adolescents and were positively correlated with performance measures of distracter interference. This correlation suggests that the higher interference of distracters on WM performance in adolescents was caused by an inability to block distracters from processing and maintenance in WM. The lower visuospatial WM-capacity (K) in adolescents in the high load (3 items) condition was accompanied by a trend (p<.10) towards higher CDA amplitudes in adolescents than adults, whereas CDA amplitudes in the low load (1 item) condition were comparable between adolescents and adults. These findings point to immaturity of frontal-parietal WM-attention networks that support visuospatial WM processing in adolescence.
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PMID:Electrophysiological evidence for immature processing capacity and filtering in visuospatial working memory in adolescents. 2292 23

This is a comparative study of changes in blood flow rate in the popliteal artery, the arteries of bone regenerate and cerebral arteries in 45 patients with congenital and acquired diseases of the limbs at different stages of surgical lengthening of 3-15 cm shortened shin by Ilizarov method. We observed an increase in regional blood flow rate in all patients during the periods of distraction and fixation. A 25% increase in blood flow rate in the middle cerebral artery on the contralateral side was found only in patients of the first adult age with acquired limb shortening. Basing on the analysis of the reaction of cerebral arteries during a functional test with additional muscle work, we suggested that the absence of reaction in congenital diseases is caused by relative excess of somatic afferentation which results from morphological and functional immaturity of brain regulatory systems.
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PMID:[Blood Flow and Regional Blood Flow Rate in the Middle Cerebral Artery during Surgical Leg Lengthening in Patients with Congenital and Acquired Limb Shortening]. 2623 50