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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The physiological protien and glycoprotein excretions in the urine samples of a larger group of newborn infants were separated according to the molecular weights by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with the protein excretions of older children. We found higher proportions of albumin, of high molecular weight (MW = molecular weight greater than or equal to 150 000 dt) and of lower molecular weight (MW less than albumin 6800 dt) proteins in the first 24-h urine samples after birth. One week after birth the low molecular weight proteins predominated because there was a substantial decrease in the excretion of albumin and of high molecular weight proteins (MW greater than or equal to 150 000 dt). We compared the patterns of protein excretion of the newborn infants with those of children aged from 2 1/2 to 15 years. These urines samples showed a typical pattern of protein excretion not correlated to the age. These findings express a transitory immaturity of the glomerular filter and of the tubular protein reabsorbing system of the newborn kidney. Apparently, the tubular protein handling normalizes later than the glomerular filtration of proteins.
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PMID:[Molecular weight analysis of physiological proteinuria in newborn infants (author's transl)]. 44 52

Antibody responses were measured in colostrum-fed (CF) and colostrum-deprived (CD) calves immunised at ages varying from birth to four months using a variety of antigens with and without adjuvant. In addition immunoglobulin production in CD calves over the same period was compared with that of CF calves. A marked unresponsiveness to antigens injected at birth was observed if maternal antibody specific for the antigen used was present in the circulation. However, significant responses to all antigens tested occurred in CD calves and also in CF calves immunised with an antigen (egg albumin) to which there was no maternal antibody. Since these responses were not as great as those in older calves immunised similarly it is clear that age was influencing the response. It was also found that subsequent responsiveness was not significantly enhanced or impaired by neonatal exposure to antigen. With respect to immunoglobulin production the results conclusively demonstrated that endogenous production occurred much earlier in CD calves than CF calves and even after 128 days the serum concentrations of IgG1 and IgA in CD calves exceeded those for CF calves. Thus it appears that the most important consideration in immunological responsiveness of neonates is not so much immaturity of the lymphoid system as the effects of maternal antibody on the cells in that system.
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PMID:Antibody responses to neonatal immunisation in calves. 80 67

Transfer of albumin from blood into cerebellum and cerebrum was examined in postnatal rats. 125I-Albumin was injected into rats on day 3, 7, 14, 28 or 70. The ratio of albumin concentration in the cerebellum or in the cerebrum to that in the plasma 2 h after the injection, hereinafter termed the relative albumin level (RA), was calculated and used as a criterion for the albumin transfer. The RA in both the cerebellum and the cerebrum decreased with age, but plateaued between days 28 and 70. The level was significantly higher in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum on days 3 and 7. This was not observed, however, on days 28 and 70. Significant correlations were indicated between 125I-albumin levels in the plasma and those in the cerebellum or cerebrum on days 7 and 14, but not on day 28. No significant difference in the RA in the cerebellum and the cerebrum was detected between jaundiced homozygous Gunn rats and control nonjaundiced rats at all ages examined. These results demonstrated that albumin could enter the brain tissue from the blood at least until postnatal day 14 and that the endogenous bilirubin had no effect on the albumin transfer into the brain. The relationship between the immaturity of brain and the transfer of albumin into the brain was discussed.
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PMID:Transfer of 125I-albumin from blood to brain in newborn rats and the effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the transfer. 139 Dec 75

We compared the TDx Fetal Lung Maturity test and the fluorescence polarization method using 1-palmitoyl-2(6-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4- yl)amino]caproyl)phosphatidylcholine (NBD-phosphatidylcholine). Using 76 paired human amniotic fluid samples, the fluorescence polarization values of the two methods were found to have a strong nonlinear correlation (r2 = 0.946). Both assays can be completed in less than 1 hour, have excellent precision (between-day variation less than 2%), and indicate the amount of surfactant phospholipid relative to albumin. The FLM assay is calibrated with surfactant/albumin standards; therefore, the reported results (in mg/g) correlate inversely with polarization of NBD-phosphatidylcholine. Strong correlations were seen for both assays with the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio and phosphatidylglycerol. The correlations indicate that the recommended reference range for FLM will have more false predictions of immaturity than the NBD-phosphatidylcholine assay.
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PMID:Rapid fetal lung maturity testing: commercial versus NBD-phosphatidylcholine assay. 144 50

The determination of lecithin or even more the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic fluid are both well established in the prediction of neonatal RDS. The immunological measurement of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and the determination of the surfactant/albumin (S/A) ratio by fluorescence polarization (TDx FLMR) have recently been introduced for the detection of fetal lung maturity. In order to compare traditional versus recent methods L/S ratio and PG determination by one dimensional thin-layer chromatography, enzymatic analysis of lecithin, immunological determination of PG by Amniostat-FLMR and the fluorescence polarization of S/A-ratio by the TDx FLMR were all performed in 141 amniotic fluid samples of 122 patients. Only one out of 72 samples was false negative in the enzymatic lecithin determination (sensitivity 88%). All other methods have a sensitivity and a negative predictive value of 100%. The positive predictive values and the specificity varied between 22%-50% and 58%-87% respectively. The false positive rate, which is high for all methods, is lowest for the L/S ratio. This study demonstrates, that the recent methods are reasonable alternatives in all cases with a positive test. In clinical practice they have the advantage, that the result can be obtained in 15 minutes. If the test is predictive for lung immaturity the L/S ratio should be performed in addition to decrease the false positive rate before any clinical decision is made.
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PMID:Prediction of RDS by amniotic fluid analysis: a comparison of the prognostic value of traditional and recent methods. 147 17

We report an infant with congenital nephrotic syndrome who showed clinical and radiological evidence of cerebral oedema, which resolved during prolonged intravenous albumin therapy. The cerebral oedema in this case can possibly be attributed to the relative immaturity of the blood-brain barrier in early infancy.
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PMID:Cerebral oedema in congenital nephrotic syndrome. 149 5

Thirteen biochemical parameters and five enzymatic activities were determined on sera of 63 normal human fetuses sampled by direct puncture under ultrasound guidance, between the 20th and the 26th wk of gestation, and on their mothers. They were referred to us for various prenatal diagnoses but were well and confirmed healthy at birth. Some parameters were found to be very similar in both groups, mainly creatinine, calcium, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Some values were significantly higher in the fetuses, such as total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, phosphorus, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and alpha-fetoprotein. Urea, uric acid, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin levels were found to be lower in fetuses. These data indicate a slower metabolism in fetuses compared to their mothers, a lower level of energy requirement, and a relative liver immaturity. These normal values of fetal biochemistry will improve our knowledge of physiology and help to determine the specific values of a test in fetal pathology.
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PMID:Blood chemistry of normal human fetuses at midtrimester of pregnancy. 243 76

The authors determined the serum and salivary concentration of albumin and immunoglobulins G, A and M in 16 dysmature and 16 healthy infants, born at term, mean age 4.8 +/- 1.8 and 4.7 +/- 1.4 respectively. The ratio of the amounts of salivary immunoglobulins transmitted from the blood to those secreted locally, applying the formula of Deuschl and Johansson, completed by the authors. The mean albumin, IgA and IgG levels were lower in the dysmature infants probably due to immaturity of the elements that synthesize these proteins, i.e. accelerate protein metabolism. Marked differences were observed in serum IgM between the two lots. In the saliva of immature infants albumin concentrations were very high probably due to the permeability of the physiologic barriers higher in these children due to insufficient biological maturity of the tissues. IgG concentration in the saliva showed no marked differences between the two groups, but the fraction filtered from the blood was greater in the immature infants, likewise attributed to massive transudation. More than 99% of immunoglobulin A in the saliva is of local origin and shows no considerable difference between the two groups.
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PMID:[Serum and secretory immunoglobulins in immature infants]. 250 58

To examine the effect of a patent ductus arteriosus on water accumulation and protein permeability in the premature, ventilated lung, we studied 16 lambs at 121-127 d gestation (term = 145 d). Water accumulation was assessed by the wet:dry wt ratio of the blood-free left lung. Protein permeability was assessed by the albumin content and by the recovery of 125I-albumin in the right lung lavage fluid 1 h after intravenous injection. Using a model that allows mechanical control of ductus patency, we compared nine lambs with patent ductus (left-to-right shunts 42 +/- 18% to left ventricular output) with seven lambs with closed ductus. The animals were studied over 3 h. In the open ductus lambs, 0.85 +/- 0.36 and 1.76 +/- 1.87%/h of the injected 125I-albumin was recovered in the lavage fluid and lung tissue, respectively. In the closed ductus lambs, the corresponding amounts were 0.71 +/- 0.21 and 0.71 +/- 0.22%/h; these differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, blood-free wet:dry ratios did not differ significantly between the two groups (7.01 +/- 1.28 open ductus versus 6.55 +/- 0.82 closed ductus). We concluded that patency of the ductus arteriosus does not significantly affect water accumulation and net protein transudation into the airways of preterm lambs in the first hours of life. Therefore, some other feature of immaturity must be responsible for the large protein leaks previously observed by others.
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PMID:Effect of patent ductus arteriosus on water accumulation and protein permeability in the lungs of mechanically ventilated premature lambs. 260 36

Concentrations of immunoglobulins and other plasma proteins were determined by radial immunodiffusion in the blood sera and saliva of 16 dysmature (small-for-dates) and of 16 eutrophic healthy infants with an average age of 4.8 and 4.7 months, respectively. The local synthesis of salivary proteins was calculated with a formula used by Deuschl and Johansson for the estimation of local synthesis of bronchial immunoglobulins. The formula was completed by a correction factor established by the authors, based on their previous investigations. Dysmature children had a significantly lower serum IgG, IgA, albumin, transferrin, coeruloplasmin and beta-lipoprotein level. In the dysmature infants the salivary albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration was higher than in the normal controls. A local synthesis of IgA, IgG, transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin was observed in both groups, but the production of these proteins was slightly diminished, while their transudation was more important in the dysmature subjects. The lower level of serum proteins, as well as the lower local synthesis in the salivary glands may be due to the immaturity of the tissues that produce these proteins. The increase of the protein transudation is attributed to a rise of the tissue permeability in the dysmature children which is a late consequence of intrauterine malnutrition.
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PMID:Serum and salivary proteins in dysmature infants. 314 39


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