Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hyperkinetic syndrome, such as it is abundantly described in the literature of American authors, is clearly defined by the association in a young child, essentially at the beginning of schooling, of hyper-activity, psycho-motor instability, affective and learning disorders, emotional lability, immaturity, etc. It would appear that psycho-stimulants (in particular amphetamines) bring about a spectacular improvement in these children, representing a therapeutic test that confirms the diagnosis. In America, insistence is placed on the physiopathogeny of the disorders, and on the minimal cerebral dysfunction. This pathology, which, it would appear, does not seem to have been recognised in France, where the psychomotor instability is only one among many symptoms. We report here a synthetic clinical study of hyperkinetic children observed over a period of several years. They are particular in that they were seen at an early age (between 18 months and 4 years old). The psychopathological study of the early stages (which is usually missing in the literature) makes it possible to objectify a preliminary phase dominated by negative signs, of the "silent series": depressive and regressive tendencies, later hidden by agitation. We underline the importance of the early distorsion of the mother-child link, which appears to be a determining factor in the appearance of the hyperkinetic syndrome. These date (which tend to contradict many studies) lead one to reject the chemotherapy solution, and in particular psychostimulants for the greater majority of cases, and rather to intervene at an early stage, and ideally speaking preventively, to instigate above all a psychotherapy of the child and often of the mother (co-therapy), to restore a good level of communication, and the mother-child link. This in-depth approach should make it possible to avoid a purely symptomatic treatment, with its uncertain effects, and its often undersirable evolution.
 ...
PMID:[The hyperkinetic child. Psychopathological aspects (author's transl)]. 97 Aug 15

Behavioral symptomatology in 188 children, 5 years of age, classified according to four different speech/language profiles, is described. Information was collected from the teacher, parent, child self-report, and psychiatric interview. The results indicated that risk for psychiatric disorder, particularly ADHD, is greatest among children with general linguistic impairment. Specific deficits such as poor auditory comprehension or articulation problems were not consistently associated with behavioral disturbance. It is postulated that neurodevelopmental immaturity may be the common underlying antecedent of both linguistic impairment and psychiatric disorder.
 ...
PMID:Empirical classification of speech/language impairment in children. II. Behavioral characteristics. 291 24

Enuresis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common childhood disorders that often co-occur. Although each has been linked to neurodevelopmental immaturity and increased risk for psychopathology, the clinical correlates of enuresis remain unclear. Subjects were 140 6-17-year-old boys with DSM-III-R ADHD and 120 non-ADHD controls. Information on enuresis and psychiatric diagnoses was obtained in a standardized manner blind to the child's clinical status. Our results show that (1) enuresis did not increase the risk for psychopathology in children with or without ADHD; (2) enuresis was not associated with psychosocial adversity or developmental immaturity; (3) enuresis was associated with increased risk for learning disability, impaired intellectual functioning, and impaired school achievement in normal control children but not in children with ADHD; and (4) the same pattern of findings was obtained after stratifying children with enuresis by primary versus secondary and by nocturnal versus diurnal subtypes. These results suggest that the clinical implications of enuresis may differ for ADHD and non-ADHD children.
 ...
PMID:Clinical correlates of enuresis in ADHD and non-ADHD children. 755 50

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and middle latency auditory evoked potentials were recorded from 21 normal hearing children between 8 and 13 years of age. An age-matched control group of 13 children was used to compare the results of 8 children diagnosed with ADHD. One sample of 2000 averages was collected for right monaural, left monaural, and binaural stimulus presentation conditions. The binaural interaction component was then determined using the formula: [(right monaural+left monaural)--binaural]. Absolute latencies and amplitudes for waves V, N20, P30, and N40 were then compared using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and matched t-tests. Percent binaural interaction was also computed for both groups. Significant differences were noted between control and ADHD groups on measures of N40 amplitudes for binaural stimulation, N40 amplitude for the sum of the right and left monaural waveforms, and percent binaural interaction at N40. These results suggest a dysfunction or immaturity in the auditory activity of the thalmo-cortical projections.
 ...
PMID:Preliminary observations of binaural hearing in an attention-deficit pediatric population. 769 57

Electroencephalograms (EEGs) of children from the general population, assessed by Rutter's questionnaires as having deviant behavior, were quantitatively evaluated in Japan (n = 27), China (n = 39), and Korea (n = 87). Compared with age-matched normal behavior children in Japan (n = 30), China (n = 27), and Korea (n = 26), there were no differences either in the EEG frequency pattern or other EEG variables. The EEGs of age-matched children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in psychiatric clinics in Japan (n = 21), China (n = 41), and Korea (n = 29), were significantly different from those of normal and deviant behavior groups. There were more delta and fast theta waves and fewer alpha waves in all three countries, and hypothetical EEG maturation was retarded in Japan and China. These results suggest that the deviant behavior of children in the general population had no biological background, but presumably stemmed from psychosocial disadvantages. In contrast, the symptoms of hyperactive children seemed to be related to a biological dysfunction such as brain immaturity.
 ...
PMID:A cross-national EEG study of children with emotional and behavioral problems: a WHO collaborative study in the Western Pacific Region. 837 39

Neurologic models proposed to explain mechanisms underlying ADHD have emphasized deficits in response inhibition. Age-inappropriate overflow movements, e.g., mirror movements, are motor signs thought to reflect immaturity in cortical systems involved in automatically (unconsciously, without explicit effort) inhibiting extraneous movement. We investigated the hypothesis that the presence of excessive overflow movements would predict measures of conscious, effortful response inhibition (conflicting and contralateral motor response tests) in children with ADHD. 42 children with ADHD and 30 controls, ages 8 through 12 years, participated. Children with ADHD showed significantly more overflow movements than did controls and made more errors on the conflicting and contralateral motor response tests. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that overflow movements predicted performance on measures of motor response inhibition. For one of those measures, the contralateral motor response test, there was a significant interaction with diagnosis, such that overflow predicted response inhibition in ADHD but not in controls. The findings suggest that overflow movements, which can be readily observed as part of clinical examination, are more evident in children with ADHD. Positive correlations between measures of overflow movements and measures of response inhibition suggest that closely associated neural mechanisms underlie these deficits and support hypotheses that age-inappropriate overflow reflects immaturity of cortical systems involved in automatic inhibition.
 ...
PMID:Overflow movements predict impaired response inhibition in children with ADHD. 1500 76

Sixty-six male infants participating in the Ben-Gurion Infant Development Study of familial risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were assessed at 7 months of age using observational and mother report measures. Risk for ADHD was based on ADHD symptoms in the father. Infants whose fathers had seven or more symptoms formed the ADHD risk group; infants whose fathers had three or less symptoms formed the comparison group. The ADHD risk group significantly differed from the comparison group on measures of interest, anger, and activity level and showed less interest in block play and more anger reactivity but less directed anger in a barrier task. According to mother report, the ADHD risk group had higher levels of activity than the comparison group. Measures of neonatal immaturity and activity were related to behavior at 7 months. The findings suggest that possible developmental pathways to ADHD may be emerging in early infancy.
 ...
PMID:Emerging developmental pathways to ADHD: possible path markers in early infancy. 1530 4