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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maternal age and parity, according to the findings of the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality in Childhood, have a direct relationship to the health and survival of the infant. Among the results of this broad undertaking are data suggesting that babies born close in succession, especially within large families and as birth order ascends, are at greater risk of dying. Also, the offspring's future is increasingly threatened as the mother's age tends toward the extremes of the childbearing years. Compromise of the mother's health, in turn, was indicated in the earlier Investigation, a study of deaths in adults, which revealed unexpectedly high maternal mortality in the Latin American cities that it covered. Immaturity, or low birthweight, and malnutrition emerged as the two major underlying or associated causes of death in the Latin American projects of the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality in Childhood. Despite the marked variations in the data available from the different areas, there appeared to be some correlation between these two indicators of deficits in growth and development. Mortality due to immaturity was especially high for babies of young mothers, with increases occurring as the birth order rose. Not only are the risks greater for mothers having low-weight babies when they are young (under 20), but they increase even more with the second, third, and fourth products when the birth intervals become shorter. Maternal age, birth order, and birthweight are factors that must be considered in combination in the programming of protective health measures.
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PMID:Results of the Inter-American Investigations of Mortality relating to reproduction. 6 75

A 3-year mortality and morbidity survey was conducted in a research foxhound breeding colony. Its purpose was to identify specific problem areas for further study and rectification. Three-hundred and thirty-nine litters (2,872 puppies) were whelped. Seventeen percent (17.4%) of the puppies died before weaning and 4.0% died between weaning and 30 weeks of age. Major puppy losses (55.6% of the total mortality) occurred during the 1st week after birth. The majority of deaths during this period was attributable to stillbirth, immaturity or runting, trauma and congenital abnormalities. The predominant causes of death thereafter were pneumonia, malnutrition, and gastrointestinal disease. The most frequent causes of morbidity among puppies were respiratory disease, anorexia and dehydration, skin disorders, and gastrointestinal disease. These entities were most commonly observed during the 2 weeks before and after weaning at 6 weeks of age. Clinical disease problems among breeding stock were few and were easily resolved. Fighting and infections of the skin and ear canals constituted 75.5% of the cases observed.
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PMID:Morbidity and mortality in a closed foxhound breeding colony. 55 6

1. Young Wistar rats were used as an experimental model to determine the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on glucose tolerance and insulin release. 2. Malnourished rats presented some of the features commonly found in human protein-energy malnutrition, such as failure to gain weight, hypoalbuminaemia, fatty infiltration of the liver and intolerance of oral and intravenous glucose loads. 3. The rate of disappearance of glucose from the gut lumen was greater in the malnourished rats but there was no significant difference in portal blood glucose concentration between normal and malnourished rats 5 and 10 min after an oral glucose load. 4. Insulin resistance was not thought to be the cause of the glucose intolerance in the malnourished animals since these rats had a low fasting plasma insulin concentration with a normal fasting blood glucose concentration and no impairment in their hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin administration. Furthermore, fasting malnourished rats were unable to correct the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia despite high concentrations of hepatic glycogen. 5. Malnourished rats had lower peak plasma insulin concentrations than normal control animals after provocation with oral and intravenous glucose, intravenous tolbutamide and intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin. This was not due to a reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas or potassium deficiency. Healthy weanling rats, like the older malnourished rats, had a diminished insulin response to intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide. However, their insulin response to stimulation with intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin far exceeded that of the malnourished rats. Thus the impairment of insulin release demonstrated in the malnourished rats cannot be ascribed to a 'functional immaturity' of the pancreas.
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PMID:Glucose tolerance and insulin release in malnourished rats. 81 69

In adolescents with chronic illness or disability, the progress of puberty may be abnormal. Growth or sexual maturation may be delayed. In some cases, adulthood may be characterized by short stature or sexual immaturity. Genetic endowment, nutritional deficiency, or concomitants of treatment all may contribute to disordered growth; frequently the basis of abnormal physical development in adolescence is multifactorial. This paper reviews the major mechanisms by which chronic conditions may interfere with puberty and discusses the effects of common chronic conditions on the pubertal process.
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PMID:Pubertal growth and sexual maturation for adolescents with chronic illness or disability. 183 23

The manifestations of endocrine derangements in the musculoskeletal system in infancy and childhood are disturbances in growth and maturation and in adulthood are disturbances in maintenance and metabolism. Hypercortisolism during skeletal immaturity suppresses growth. In the adult, hypercortisolism leads to osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, and muscle wasting. Deficiency of growth hormone during skeletal development results in short stature. An excess of growth hormone in a skeletally immature individual results in gigantism, an excess in a skeletally mature individual results in acromegaly. Patients with gigantism have extreme height with normal body proportions. Musculoskeletal manifestations of acromegaly include soft-tissue thickening, vertebral body enlargement, characteristic hand and foot changes, and enthesal bony proliferation. Hyperthyroidism causes catabolism of protein and loss of connective tissue, which manifest as muscle wasting. Deficient levels of thyroid hormone cause defects in growth and development. Severe growth retardation from congenital hypothyroidism is rare because neonatal screening recognizes the disorder and leads to early treatment. The skeletal manifestation of hypergonadism in children is precocious growth and early skeletal maturation. Although the initial precocious growth spurt results in a tall child, early closure of the growth plates results in a short adult. Hypogonadism in the prepubertal child results in delayed adolescence and delayed skeletal maturation. Diabetes mellitus in childhood results in decreased growth, a phenomenon presumed to be secondary to nutritional abnormalities. Generalized osteoporosis and short stature are common. In the adult, generalized osteoporosis may accompany insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus if obesity is absent. Calcification of interdigital arteries of the foot is common in diabetics and uncommon in other conditions. Additional skeletal manifestations relate to complications of diabetes such as peripheral neuropathy and diabetic foot disease.
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PMID:Radiologic manifestations in the musculoskeletal system of miscellaneous endocrine disorders. 198 24

We studied the placental membrane at term in normal females and females with malnutrition not related to associated pathologic processes of pregnancy. Both groups belonged in the low socioeconomic stratum. The fetal aspect of placenta from malnourished females showed signs of immaturity in relation to gestational age, as evidenced by transitional cytotrophoblastic cells in different stages of maturation. The latter appear as a third intermediata layer between cytothropoblast and syncitiotrophoblast.
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PMID:[Immaturity of syncytial trophoblast in maternal malnutrition. Ultrastructural analysis]. 251 73

This paper describes the clinical, hormonal and radiologic profiles in 282 children evaluated for hypothyroidism. Short stature, mental retardation or puberal disturbances were often the presenting features in the older age group, whereas in the 1-5 years age group medical opinion was usually sought for symptomatology suggestive of thyroid hypofunction. Children in the 0-1 year group were suspected on the basis of psychomotor dysfunction. Skeletal immaturity was found in 93.0% of patients with overt hypothyroidism and in 36.6% cases with normal thyroid profiles but associated with malnutrition. High TSH levels were noted in 70.9% of the cases studied. 4.9% and 7.3% patients with normal TSH had low T3, and T4 levels respectively. FSH, testosterone and PRL levels were also affected in some patients with overt hypothyroidism. Therapeutic responses based on at least 1 year follow up were available in 170 cases. The results are discussed.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism in children/adolescents. Clinical and hormonal profiles. 263 58

Concentrations of immunoglobulins and other plasma proteins were determined by radial immunodiffusion in the blood sera and saliva of 16 dysmature (small-for-dates) and of 16 eutrophic healthy infants with an average age of 4.8 and 4.7 months, respectively. The local synthesis of salivary proteins was calculated with a formula used by Deuschl and Johansson for the estimation of local synthesis of bronchial immunoglobulins. The formula was completed by a correction factor established by the authors, based on their previous investigations. Dysmature children had a significantly lower serum IgG, IgA, albumin, transferrin, coeruloplasmin and beta-lipoprotein level. In the dysmature infants the salivary albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration was higher than in the normal controls. A local synthesis of IgA, IgG, transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin was observed in both groups, but the production of these proteins was slightly diminished, while their transudation was more important in the dysmature subjects. The lower level of serum proteins, as well as the lower local synthesis in the salivary glands may be due to the immaturity of the tissues that produce these proteins. The increase of the protein transudation is attributed to a rise of the tissue permeability in the dysmature children which is a late consequence of intrauterine malnutrition.
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PMID:Serum and salivary proteins in dysmature infants. 314 39

The auditory brainstem response has been used in neonates at risk of hearing impairment or as a functional measurement of brain maturity. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the auditory brainstem response in small-for-date newborns, in relation to changes observed with fetal maturity in a control group. Compared to controls with similar maturity, a significant delay for the appearance of waves III and V, and between waves I-V was observed in the small-for-date newborns, suggesting an alteration of the auditory pathway within the brainstem rather than an impairment of the peripheral auditive apparatus. Indeed, small-for-date newborns reacted to the test in a similar manner as premature babies in whom such a delay was also observed. Our data would suggest a functional brain immaturity in small-for-date newborns, during the first days of life, in regard to the auditive evoked potential, which may be related to some alterations in brain development reported with fetal malnutrition.
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PMID:Brain maturity in regard to the auditory brainstem response in small-for-date neonates. 370 58

An analysis is presented of data on all 30 129 inpatient admissions to a mission hospital in the West Nile District of Uganda in the 27 year period from July 1951 to August 1978. For most of this period the hospital was staffed by the same two doctors. For each patient admitted, a record was made of their age (adult or child), sex, place of residence, duration of stay in hospital, diagnosis and vital status at discharge. The annual number of admissions increased steadily from around 300 in 1952 to over 1600 in 1966 and subsequently declined to about 900 in 1977. Sixty-five per cent of admissions were medical, 12% surgical, 11% obstetric and 9% gynaecological. Thirty per cent of admissions were children (aged 0-9 years). Forty-five per cent of admissions were from those resident in the same county as the hospital and another 20% were from an immediately adjacent county. Infective and parasitic conditions (including respiratory diseases) accounted for over 60% of admissions among children and over 38% of admissions among adults (excluding obstetric patients). The six most common causes of admission were: uncomplicated delivery (2308 admissions), pneumonia (2020), hookworm (1999), malaria (1806), schistosomiasis (1742) and diarrhoea (1041). In total 1960 deaths were recorded (6.5% of all admissions). High case fatality rates were observed for tetanus (61%), immaturity (54%), meningitis (38%), kwashiorkor (21%), other malnutrition (19%) and anaemia (19%). A striking increase in the number of admissions for measles was observed in the period 1976 to 1978. Admission rates for schistosomiasis (S. mansoni) appeared to be highest from counties adjacent to the Nile and 104 deaths were recorded among the 1742 patients with this as the primary diagnosis. Admissions for diabetes, as a percentage of all admissions increased from 0.2% in 1951-54 to 1.5% at the end of the study period. Marked seasonal variations in admission patterns were found for diarrhoea, measles, meningitis and respiratory infections, the last two, but not diarrhoea, being most common in the wettest months. Admissions for malaria showed no strong seasonal associations. Despite the limitations of hospital-based data, it is argued that the data analysed provide a reasonable indication of the important causes of severe morbidity and mortality in the district. Furthermore, some of the changes in admission patterns over time are likely to represent true changes in disease rates rather than artefacts of diagnosis or referral. The analyses presented indicate the value of simple record systems, carefully maintained.
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PMID:Admissions to a rural hospital in the West Nile District of Uganda over a 27 year period. 378 13


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