Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A physically active and athletic lifestyle is not only a healthy but a fulfilling choice for women. Although there is extensive literature on 'athletic amenorrhoea' which implies that exercise causes loss of the menstrual cycle, there is inadequate scientific evidence for a causal relationship. The reproductive system adapts to environmental, nutritional, emotional and physical stressors or 'threats' by downward adjustment towards the premenarcheal pattern. The hormonal milieu of this adaptation is low gonadal steroid and high glucocorticoid levels which synergistically increase the risk for a negative bone balance. Athletic women may become amenorrhoeic if reproductive immaturity, emotional stress and undernutrition coexist with increasing exercise loads. Treatment for athletic women with menstrual cycle changes requires that hypothalamic stressors be identified and decreased. In addition, as progesterone deficiency (from disorders of ovulation, whether flow is regular or absent) is the most prevalent menstrual cycle change, treatment with medroxyprogesterone on days 16 to 25 of their cycle will not only provide regular flow (if estrogen levels are sufficient) but will also promote increased bone density.
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PMID:Reproduction for the athletic woman. New understandings of physiology and management. 143 94

Maternal weight gain is one of the most important independent predictors of infant birth weight and interacts with other maternal characteristics, including age, so that infant birth weight reaches a plateau at a higher level of maternal weight gain for young adolescents than for adults. It has been suggested that encouraging young adolescents to gain larger amounts of weight during pregnancy may be 1 way to decrease their risk of low-birth-weight deliveries. This recommendation may be premature because the mechanisms underlying the interaction between maternal age and weight gain are incompletely understood and may include such diverse factors as incomplete maternal growth, reproductive immaturity, diminished maternal body size, nutritional deficiencies, socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and maternal emotional stress. This review summarizes the literature on adolescent maternal weight gain and infant birth weight and discusses the importance of considering a multi-factorial model in reformulating the weight-gain recommendations for pregnant adolescents. More must also be learned about the relationship between the pattern of maternal weight gain and fetal growth and development. The pattern of tissue growth during gestation suggests that the effect of nutritional supplementation may change during gestation. The history of neonatal intensive care is punctuated by therapeutic misadventures. If similarly devastating complications are to be avoided in the futrue, the risks of cephalopelvic disproportion, cesarian section, and birth asphyxia associated with augmented fetal growth must be clearly defined and contrasted with the risks associated with low-birth-weight delivery in adolescent pregnancy.
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PMID:Adolescent maternal weight gain and low birth weight: a multifactorial model. 328 95

The dysfunctional features of adolescent secondary amenorrhea are here considered: anovulation, immaturity of estrogenic feed back, multi-follicular ovary. We described the opportunity of using gonadotrophin in the treatment of hypogonadotrophic amenorrhea. Among 64 patients with menstrual delay, we examined a group of 23 selected girls, 21 of them affected by secondary amenorrhea and 2 affected by primary amenorrhea; their average age is 17 years. The selection excludes organic and psychiatric pathologies, while includes anovulation, low rates of FSH and inadequate response to LHRH test, multi-follicular ovary. Some patients were also affected by acne, hypertrichosis, weight disorders, emotional stress. The therapeutic approach with purified FSH (urofollitrophin) is described on an amount of 48 treatments. We used 75/225 UI/day at 3 degrees to 5 degrees/7 degrees of each menstrual cycle, and for 3/5 cycles. Doses are in some subjects modified during the treatment in relation to menstrual response. Hormonal, echographic and clinical evaluation were given before and after each treatment. The results of giving FSH demonstrate an 81.2% of immediate success, while an 43.7% up to 12 months. We observed a significant reduction of LH rates as well as estrogenic increase and subsequent menstrual response. Ovarian follicles increased in number and volume, while no hyperstimulation effects appeared. In general we suppose these data are satisfactory; nevertheless we point out the opportunity of only treat selected patients, even in considering the complaint due to this therapeutic engagement and the eventual consequent renouncing.
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PMID:[Treatment of secondary adolescent amenorrhea with purified FSH]. 850 67