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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stimulation of the surfactant production in fetal cells by ambroxol (metabolite VIII of bromhexine) has been investigated in human and animal experiments. There are no contraindications for the prenatal use of ambroxol, which is also well tolerated in high dose. Therefore the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vienna took part in a multicentric clinical trial, where the allocation between cortisone and ambroxol was randomised in a double blind fashion. The 1st Department included 34 women between 30 and 36 weeks of pregnancy with premature labour or indicated premature induction. Amniotic fluid samples were taken by amniocentesis before therapy to prove lung immaturity by measurement of the L/S ratio and the dynamic surface tension. Following doses were used for this clinical trial group A: 1,000 mg ambroxol in 500 ml 5% glucose infusion i.v. daily from day 1 to day 5 and 2 ml placebo-injection i.m. on day 1 and day 2, group B: 8 mg Betamethasone i.m. on day 1 and day 2 and 500 ml 5% glucose infusion with a placebo daily from day 1 to day 5. The patients were treated at least 3 days; in all cases amniotic fluid samples were taken after therapy, to examine the L/S ratio and the dynamic surface tension. 29 women of the 34 fulfilled the above criteria, 15 in group A and 14 in group B (1 twin pregnancy). With the pretreatment parameters of lung maturity being similar in both groups ambroxol was found to lead to a marked but not significant improvement of the L/S ratio and the surface tension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Ambroxol in comparison with betamethasone for the stimulation of antepartal lung maturity. A clinical double-blind study]. 351 90

The influence of intrahepatic pregnancy cholestasia on fetal risk is examined. Fetal risk depends predominantly on prematurity and immanent somatic and neurologic immaturity. The rate of premature labour is 35 per cent. The rate of premature labour increases in correlation to rising values of serum ALAL and bilirubin. Antepartum and intrapartum cardiotocography, urinary excretion of total estrogens during 24 hours, serum human placental lactogen, fetal outcome and birthweight are not influenced by pregnancy cholestasia.
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PMID:[Intrahepatic pregnancy cholestasis and fetal risk]. 671 Nov 87

Ultrasound evaluation of fetal lung development in utero could be a noninvasive method for frequent monitoring of the state of pulmonary maturity and predicting when parturition could occur with minimum or no risk of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. In cases of high-risk obstetric management in premature labor, this ability may be a particularly useful tool. To pursue this possibility, the lungs and livers of 13 living fetal lambs were successfully imaged with a modified clinical B-scanner under carefully controlled conditions; physiologic function tests on the excised lungs determined the state of pulmonary maturity. In eight cases, maturity or immaturity was correctly identified by sonographic criteria. The results wer ambiguous in four cases. One case of immature lung was incorrectly identified as mature. The trends established in these animal studies appear promising and with refinement may form the basis for sonographic assessment of fetal lung maturity in a clinical setting.
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PMID:Sonographic identification of lung maturation in the fetal lamb. 683 27

To determine whether prenatal theophylline therapy would increase the incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) we studied bowel dysfunction in 59 consecutive premature infants (g.s. < 34 weeks), whose mothers were treated with theophylline as a tocolytic during the last trimester, or as surfactant synthesis inductor, for at least three days prior to premature labor (Group A). As case-control we considered the premature, matched for gestational age born immediately before, and whose was untreated with theophylline (Group B). NEC occurred in one patient from group A during the second postnatal week, and surgery was performed. First passage of meconium and start of enteral feeding were comparable in groups A and B, while gastric residuals lasting more than 4 days were found statistically increased (p < 0.03) in antenatally treated group A prematures. Furthermore, 18 out of 49 prematures postnatally treated with theophylline had gastric residuals (36%) with respect to 5 out of 69 untreated (7%) (p < 0.001). Also the premature infants treated ante and postnatally with theophylline showed a statistically significant increase of lasting gastric residuals with respect to the untreated, 13/16 vs 5/7, respectively (p < 0.03). Antenatal theophylline administered to high risk mothers, when maternal diseases do not allow the use of steroids, does not appear to later increase the risk of NEC in premature infants, and provides a chance to avoid the risks related to premature birth. Inhibitory activity on gut motility and gastric irritability are only detectable during the first postnatal days, enhanced by gut immaturity of preterm infants.
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PMID:Prenatal theophylline and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature newborn infants. 929 Jan 31

The incidence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is 1:1,207-5,000, and the condition is associated with high mortality and morbidity, attributed principally to associated pulmonary hypoplasia. Repairing the diaphragmatic defect by antenatal surgery has high mortality, mainly due to premature labor. Antenatal tracheal occlusion, which is achievable by less invasive methods, stimulates lung growth (weight and DNA). However, its effectiveness in reversing structural and maturational abnormalities and its optimal timing requires further investigation. We hypothesized that (1) antenatal tracheal occlusion performed in the lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia will stimulate lung growth and structural development and restore lung structure and maturity toward normal levels by term gestation; (2) effects will be detectable by morphometric measurements of the following parameters: lung volume, ratio of parenchyma to nonparenchyma, volume density of connective tissue within nonparenchyma, ratio of gas exchange tissue to airspace in parenchyma, gas exchange surface area, capillary loading, alveolar/airspace density and alveolar perimeter; (3) effects will be seen in all lobes of the lung; and (4) a greater effect will be observed when tracheal occlusion is performed early rather than late in gestation. Fourteen lambs underwent CDH creation at gestation day 72-74 followed by tracheal occlusion at day 101 (n = 7) or 129 (n = 7). They were delivered by Cesarean section at 143 days (term = 145-149). Lungs were obtained at autopsy, inflation fixed, divided into lobes, and sampled; morphometric analysis was performed. Comparisons were made with previously reported results from control lungs of normal lambs and lambs with untreated CDH. In comparison with untreated lungs, antenatal tracheal occlusion at both times resulted in increased volumes for total lung and lobes, increased volume density of parenchyma and of airspace within parenchyma, and increased gas exchange surface areas. Normal values for gas exchange surface area density, and alveolar density and perimeter were attained and the lungs appeared more mature than non-occluded lungs. Tracheal occlusion earlier in gestation produced a greater effect, achieving greater than normal values for lung volumes and volume densities, whereas the capillary loading value was similar to normal lung. Later occlusion achieved less than normal values for lung volumes and volume densities, with a reduced capillary loading value. We conclude that antenatal tracheal occlusion is capable of reversing structural total lung and lobar hypoplasia and immaturity caused by CDH as determined by morphometrically determined parameters. The effect is greater when tracheal occlusion is performed early rather than late in gestation. The results are encouraging for development of treatment methods for humans with antenatally diagnosed CDH.
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PMID:Effect of antenatal tracheal occlusion on lung development in the sheep model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a morphometric analysis of pulmonary structure and maturity. 959 Apr 86

The premature labor is the main index of perinatal morbidity and mortality of mother and newborn. The aim of our trial was, to study the real situation on premature labor in the Republic of Georgia, to determine the specific gravity of stress factors in epidemiology of this problem and to find optimal preventive measures. It is found that in those regions, which are close to military conflict areas, where people are under permanent "expectancy-stress", the rate of premature labor is significantly higher. We have found that the rate of premature labor in the Republic of Georgia is about 11.2%+/-2.1. 75% of still-born babies are premature. The rate of perinatal mortality for the last 3 years was 28.9, where about 75.3% is due to preterm labor. Stress endured by a pregnant woman affects psycho-emotional sphere of a newborn, which is revealed in its high neural reflex excitement. Chronic stress in a pregnant woman causes retention of the fetus development which later results in prenatal hypotrophy and morphofunctional immaturity.
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PMID:[Analysis of premature labor and its causes in the Republic of Georgia]. 1705 87