Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a prescreened CMV seronegative blood donor group in preventing transfusion-acquired CMV infection in premature infants in the perinatal period. Group 0 donors with known CMV seronegative status were recruited to supply blood to the neonatal intensive care nurseries. One hundred and twenty-seven low birth weight infants born of CMV seronegative mothers remained seronegative when blood for transfusion was screened for CMV antibody. Twenty two infants shared six units of CMV seropositive blood due to technical errors or poor sensitivity of the test kit in the initial phase of the study. Fifteen of these patients were in the study group. One infant died of immaturity at four weeks of age and two of the remaining 14 showed asymptomatic CMV infection. Another infant who received granulocyte concentrates from CMV seropositive donors had symptomatic CMV infection. Throughout the 24 month study period, blood supply to the ICN was adequate and timely. The donor seroconversion rate was 0.7% per annum. Only one infant was exposed to the risk of CMV infection due to donor seroconversion. We conclude that the prescreening donor program is a sensible and efficient approach for providing CMV seronegative blood in neonatal transfusion therapy.
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PMID:Evaluation of a prescreening blood donor program for prevention of perinatal transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. 284 45

Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was found in preproductive tissues of newborn mice acutely infected with this virus. Using 3H-labeled complementary RNA (cRNA) probe made from MCMV DNA, viral genetic material clearly occupied ovarian stromal cells surrounding the follicular region but not cells of the follicle or cells in the outer tunic layers. In the testes, squamous epithelial cells external to the tunica albuginea harbored viral genetic material. The immaturity of germ line cells in testes of one-week-old mice precluded identification of these cells or examination of their involvement. The presence of viral DNA in reproductive tissue during acute infection raised the possibility that the ovary and/or testes might act as a reservoir for latent virus later in life of adult mice. Hybridization kinetics analysis of DNA isolated from ovaries and testes of 5- and 6-month-old mice latently infected with MCMV suggested that the viral genome was present in both organs.
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PMID:Replication of murine cytomegalovirus in reproductive tissues. 624 6

Immune reconstitution was studied serially by using T lymphocyte cell surface differentiation antigens in 37 individuals receiving bone marrow transplants. Antigen expression was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis using monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocytes including Leu-3, which defines a T lymphocyte subpopulation in healthy individuals with T helper or inducer activity (L3+), and Leu-2, which defines a T lymphocyte subpopulation in healthy individuals with T helper or inducer activity (L3+), and Leu-2, which defines a T lymphocyte subpopulation with suppressor or cytotoxic activity (L2+). These studies demonstrated that the L2+ subpopulation regenerated more rapidly after transplant than did the L3+ subpopulation. Imbalances between these two T lymphocyte subpopulations, indicated by a decreased L3/L2 ratio, persisted for periods up to 12 mo post-transplant. Expression of a cell surface antigen associated with immature lymphocytes (OKT-10), and of HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens was markedly increased during the post-transplant period. HLA-DR antigen expression did not appear related to immune activation in that increased reactivity was not detected with a monoclonal antibody (anti-TAC) specific for activated T cells. These observations in bone marrow transplant recipients and other disorders characterized by lymphoid restoration or immaturity indicate that inversion of the normal L3/L2 ratio and increased expression of OKT-10 and HLA-DR antigens may be features of a regenerating immune system. Furthermore, serial observation of individual patients indicated that infection with cytomegalovirus was associated with a progressive decrease in the L3/L2 ratio.
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PMID:Regeneration of T cell subpopulations after bone marrow transplantation: cytomegalovirus infection and lymphoid subset imbalance. 628 98

To study the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in symptomatic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) we enrolled 35 patients with CD4 lymphocyte counts below 300/microliter in a randomized three-arm study. In addition to standard HIV treatment (e.g., zidovudine, aerosolized pentamidine), 13 patients were treated with 7.5 g and 11 with 40 g of a 7 S intravenous IgG preparation every 4 weeks over a period of 1 year. A control group of 11 patients remained on standard treatment. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including lymphocyte proliferation and in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis were evaluated prior to intravenous IgG administration. HIV-specific immunological abnormalities such as increased B-cell activation and B-cell immaturity were observed in all three study groups at the beginning of the study. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was diminished. These disturbances were not influenced by intravenous IgG treatment. Further laboratory data and the course of the HIV infection (fever, antibiotic treatment, hospitalization, Candida and herpes simplex or cytomegalovirus infection) remained unchanged. Thus, our data with an observation period of 12 months do not support the use of intravenous IgG treatment in adult symptomatic HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts lower than 300/microliter.
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PMID:The use of intravenous immunoglobulins in symptomatic HIV infection. Results of a randomized study. 791 23

A boy, born after 41 weeks of gestation, presented with splenomegaly, microcephaly and chorioretinitis accompanied by immaturity signs. His mother was in good health but her previous pregnancy had been aborted owing to rubella. Laboratory data, including serological and virological evidence, confirmed the diagnosis of fetal cytomegalovirus infection. CT scan indicated a large cyst in the left temporal lobe and periventricular calcifications. At about 8 months of age, convulsions were noticed which were not controlled effectively by medication. There was spastic rigidity without significant psychomotor development. He died at the age of 15. Postmortem neuropathological examination revealed polymicrogyria predominant in the right cerebral hemisphere as well as a large cavity in the left temporal lobe communicating with the lateral ventricle. Widespread heterotopias and calcifications were observed notably in the periventricular white matter. No typical inclusion was found. By the method of Holzer and GFAP immunocytochemistry, no gliosis was noted in the cerebral cortex having the feature of polymicrogyria. This might support the theory that polymicrogyria is caused by neuronal migration failure.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus fetal infection. Porencephaly with polymicrogyria in a 15-year-old boy]. 894 48

Neonates face a high risk of infection because of the immaturity of their immune systems. Although the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus may convey improved postnatal immunity, this transfer occurs late in gestation and may fail to prevent in utero infection. Both fetal immunization and in utero exposure to antigen can result in a state of immunologic tolerance in the neonate. Tolerance induction of fetal and premature infant lymphocytes has become a paradigm for neonatal responsiveness. However, fetal IgM responses have been demonstrated to maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid and to congenital infections such as rubella, toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus. Moreover, 1-week-old infants can respond to standard pediatric vaccination, and neonates immunized with polysaccharide antigens do not develop immunologic tolerance. Here, direct immunization of the baboon fetus with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen produced a specific fetal IgG antibody response. No specific maternal antibody response was detected, eliminating the possibility of vertical antibody transmission to the fetus. Some infants also responded to later vaccinations with hepatitis B surface antigen, indicating that no immunological tolerance was induced by prior fetal immunization. These results characterize the ability of the fetal immune system to respond to in utero vaccination. We demonstrate that active fetal immunization can serve as a safe and efficient vaccination strategy for the fetus and neonate.
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PMID:Fetal immunization of baboons induces a fetal-specific antibody response. 1020 33

Immune recovery after cord blood transplantation (CBT) is of concern owing to the low number of lymphocytes transferred with the graft and their immaturity. Risk factors influencing lymphocyte subset reconstitution related to disease, patient, donor and transplant were studied in 63 children (< 16 years), given either related (n = 14) or unrelated (n = 49) CBT for malignant (n = 33) or non-malignant diseases (n = 30). Only children with sustained myeloid engraftment were analysed. Absolute numbers of T (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+)), B and natural killer (NK) cells were reported 2--3, 6, 9, 12 and 12--24 months after CBT. Median patient age was 4.0 years (0--15) and median follow-up was 23 months (1.7--61.0). Twenty-six patients received human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched CBT and 37 received HLA-mismatched CBT. The median number of nucleated cells (NCs) collected/recipient weight was 6.1 x 10(7)/kg. In this selected population, the estimate 2 year survival was 85%. Lymphocyte reconstitution (defined as the median time to reach the normal value of age-matched healthy children) was 3, 6 and 8 months for NK, B and CD8(+) cells, while it was 11.7 months for both CD3(+) and CD4(+) lymphocytes. In the multivariate analysis, factors favouring T-cell recovery were: related donor (P = 0.002); higher NCs/kg (P = 0.005) and recipient cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive serology (P = 0.04). Presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) delayed T-cell recovery (P = 0.04). To summarize, in children with sustained myeloid engraftment the concern that lymphocyte recovery after CBT could be delayed does not appear to be substantiated by our results.
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PMID:Factors affecting lymphocyte subset reconstitution after either related or unrelated cord blood transplantation in children -- a Eurocord analysis. 1147 43

We report on a female preterm infant with hepatic failure and neonatal tissue siderosis of hemochromatotic type diagnosed by using both histochemistry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The infant presented with meconium ileus, signs of rapidly progressive hepatic failure, and hyperferritinemia (7132 ng/ml). Despite surgery and intensive care the infant died 32 days after birth. Postmortem examination showed a wrinkled liver with extensive collapse of the hepatic architecture and regenerating nodules as well as hepatic and extrahepatic iron accumulation of hemochromatotic type, sparing the reticuloendothelial system. Atomic absorption spectroscopy confirmed an increase in the iron content of various organs: liver, heart, pancreas, oral salivary gland, kidney, and adrenal gland. The increase in the iron content of various organs was determined by comparing the analysis of the propositus with those of 5 gestationally age-related preterm infants who had died in the intensive care unit: 2 died of meconium aspiration syndrome, the other 3 of hyaline membrane disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and immaturity, respectively. We also compared the analysis of 15 fetuses having a a condition predisposing to iron accumulation (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, cytomegalovirus, amnion infection syndrome, Rhesus- and ABO-incompatibility, congenital hemolysis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, congenital heart disease). Delta F508, the most frequent mutation seen in cystic fibrosis patients, was excluded by gene sequencing. Different noxae causing iron accumulation in the neonatal period have led to the statement that neonatal hemochromatosis may collect different etiologies, such as metabolic disorders, infections, chromosomal aberrations, and immunological disorders. In this study, we report the singular evidence of neonatal iron accumulation of hemochromatotic type in an infant presenting with meconium ileus and propose a classification of the neonatal disorders associated with iron accumulation.
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PMID:Hepatic failure with neonatal tissue siderosis of hemochromatotic type in an infant presenting with meconium ileus. Case report and differential diagnosis of the perinatal iron storage disorders. 1170 Aug 92

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects about 60% of adults in developed world and more than 90% of developing countries population. In the immunocompetent host, initial infection and reactivation of latent infection are usually asymptomatic. However, in hosts with impaired cellular immune functions, such as transplant recipients, patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or undergoing anticancer chemo- and/or radiotherapy, the full pathogenic potential of the virus may be realized. HCMV is also among the most common causes of viral intrauterine infection affecting from 0.4 to 2.3% of live-born infants. Though in pregnant, immunocompetent women infections with HCMV are usually asymptomatic, severe infections may occur among congenitally infected fetuses and infants due to immaturity of their immune system. Approximately 40% of mothers with primary HCMV infections during gestation transmit virus to their infants. Although only 10% of infected infants are symptomatic at birth, 20 to 30% of these die. In addition, 5 to 15% of asymptomatic neonates are at risk of developing congenital anomalies later. In this outline we present anti-CMV drugs currently in clinical use and give examples of new molecules under laboratory and clinical development.
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PMID:[Drugs against human cytomegalovirus]. 1247 80

Infections with cytomegalovirus are widespread among populations. The frequency of anti-CMV bodies occurrence in healthy adults is from 40% in Europe to 100% in the Third World countries. The research carried out in Poland on two thousand healthy women at productive age showed in more than half of them the presence of anti-CMV bodies before pregnancy. It is especially significant in the context of the possibility of primary CMV infection in gravidas and the transmission into the fetus. Confirmation of the primary CMV infection in women at an early stage of pregnancy requires further prenatal diagnosis. CMV is asymptomatic in 99% of cases. It is especially dangerous for neonates, in whom heavy cytomegalovirus disease is connected with immaturity of the immunological system, and for people with immunological system disorders (after transplantations or HIV infections). Clinical forms of CMV infections have been presented here, with some of them being illustrated with descriptions of cases observed at the Clinic; methods of CMV infection treatment in various groups of patients, as well as the state of knowledge about anti-CMV vaccine are also presented.
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PMID:[CMV infections]. 1580 53


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