Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article examines speech and language impairment in relation to several common childhood psychiatric disorders. Similarities among disorders can be found in the associated language impairments, family histories, and certain language outcomes. The article describes prevalence surveys of speech and language disorders and the correlates of language impairment, such as IQ, socioeconomic status, and birth order. The association between language impairment and childhood psychiatric disorders (i.e., hyperactivity, autism) is investigated, and the outcomes of language impairment are discussed. Finally, the hypothesis that a common underlying neurolinguistic diathesis may be present for certain subgroups of psychiatrically disordered children is presented. In some groups, psychiatric disorder (i.e., hyperactivity) and linguistic impairment may develop in parallel as a function of an underlying neurodevelopmental immaturity. The relation between the linguistic impairment and neurodevelopmental immaturity requires clarification so as to disentangle their specific associations with the various disorders discussed.
 ...
PMID:The continuum of linguistic dysfunction from pervasive developmental disorders to dyslexia. 204 35

Behavioral symptomatology in 188 children, 5 years of age, classified according to four different speech/language profiles, is described. Information was collected from the teacher, parent, child self-report, and psychiatric interview. The results indicated that risk for psychiatric disorder, particularly ADHD, is greatest among children with general linguistic impairment. Specific deficits such as poor auditory comprehension or articulation problems were not consistently associated with behavioral disturbance. It is postulated that neurodevelopmental immaturity may be the common underlying antecedent of both linguistic impairment and psychiatric disorder.
 ...
PMID:Empirical classification of speech/language impairment in children. II. Behavioral characteristics. 291 24

A 20-year follow-up study of 50 hypogonadal males has been made. Of these 34 had Klinefelter's syndrome with the karyotype 47,XXY and 16 had the karyotype 46,XY. These males have been examined at mean ages of 27 and 37 and in the present study at a mean age of 47. At the first examination the following conditions were found in the Klinefelter males to a significantly higher degree than in the hypogonadal males with 46,XY: immaturity, below average school performance, few or no friends, previous mental illness, little energy and initiative, few or no spare time interests, occupation as an unskilled labourer. Psychological testing showed a full scale IQ of 103 in the Klinefelter males and 115 in the hypogonadal males. The follow-up studies have shown that in spite of these findings the Klinefelter males have managed far better than could have been expected at the time of the first investigation. The improvement in a number of conditions such as mental health, working capacity, social adjustment, relations with other people, and activity level was considerable between the ages of 27 and 37. The present examination shows a further improvement at the age of 47 with the only significant difference between the Klinefelter males and the hypogonadal males with 46,XY being a higher frequency of single Klinefelter males. The present examination also showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in occupation, working capacity, social adjustment, mental and physical disorders or criminality. The results of the examination at the mean age of 27 would probably have been considerably more favourable for the Klinefelter males if diagnosis had been made in childhood, and information, counselling, support and hormone treatment had been given from an early age. The fact that the great majority of the Klinefelter males have managed quite well in spite of this and that no remarkable differences were found between them and a control group is of great importance for genetic counsellers, especially for prenatal counsellers. Up until now, in 75% of cases in which sex chromosome abnormalities, including Klinefelter's syndrome, have been diagnosed prenatally in Denmark abortion has been induced. We believe this is mainly due to insufficient information about the many positive aspects of the development of individuals with sex chromosome abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Follow-up 20 years later of 34 Klinefelter males with karyotype 47,XXY and 16 hypogonadal males with karyotype 46,XY. 365 91

The model of ego development by Loevinger describes an epigenetic series of successive stages comprising increasingly complex styles of impulse control, interpersonal relationships, moral and cognitive reasoning. This model offers an opportunity to explore the structural premises young adults rely on solving their developmental tasks. Controls compared to patients show a significantly superior intrapsychic coping, awareness of social rules and knowledge of interpersonal relations. Except non-psychotic patients who seem to dispose of slightly more mature ego capacities than psychotic patients there prevails a dominant psychosocial immaturity among all patient subgroups however. The results are discussed in relation to psychopathological syndromes, the actual status of a psychiatric illness, and differently favourable patterns of psychosocial adaptation defined by results in the Offer-Self-Image-Questionnaire.
 ...
PMID:[Ego development in the transition from adolescence to young adulthood: an empirical comparative study of psychiatric patients and healthy control probands]. 849 99

US anti-abortion groups have used misinformation on the long-term psychological impact of induced abortion to advance their position. This article reviews the available research evidence on the definition, history, cultural context, and emotional and psychiatric sequelae of induced abortion. Notable has been a confusion of normative, transient reactions to unintended pregnancy and abortion (e.g., guilt, depression, anxiety) with serious mental disorders. Studies of the psychiatric aspects of abortion have been limited by methodological problems such as the impossibility of randomly assigning women to study and control groups, resistance to follow-up, and confounding variables. Among the factors that may impact on an unintended pregnancy and the decision to abort are ongoing or past psychiatric illness, poverty, social chaos, youth and immaturity, abandonment issues, ongoing domestic responsibilities, rape and incest, domestic violence, religion, and contraceptive failure. Among the risk factors for postabortion psychosocial difficulties are previous or concurrent psychiatric illness, coercion to abort, genetic or medical indications, lack of social supports, ambivalence, and increasing length of gestation. Overall, the literature indicates that serious psychiatric illness is at least 8 times more common among postpartum than among postabortion women. Abortion center staff should acknowledge that the termination of a pregnancy may be experienced as a loss even when it is a voluntary choice. Referrals should be offered to women who show great emotional distress, have had several previous abortions, or request psychiatric consultation.
 ...
PMID:Psychosocial aspects of induced abortion. 932 46

The Irish court granted a decree of nullity to the applicant husband on the grounds that his marriage was doomed from the outset because of immaturity of character and temperament on the part of both parties and an incapacity to form and sustain a normal marriage relationship. The couple had cohabited and the wife contested the request for a decree of nullity. The court rejected the argument that a petitioner could not rely on the grounds of his own incapacity when the other party has not repudiated the marriage. Other High Court opinions in 1989 held the following with respect to nullity: 1) a marriage can be annulled on the ground of lack of consent when the wife marries because of professional and personal difficulties that her pregnancy would present if she did not marry and because of incapacity to form and sustain a normal marriage relationship when the husband suffers from a gross personality disorder leaving him unable to form any meaningful marriage relationship (W.[C.] v. C, 17 February 1989, Irish Law Times, August 1989, p. 178); 2) a marriage cannot be annulled on the grounds of duress when the husband shows only that he feared legal action if he did not marry his fiance and was suffering no mental illness (O'S. v. W[O'S], 25 July 1989, Irish Law Times, September 1990, p. 195); and 3) a marriage cannot be annulled on the ground of incapacity to enter into and sustain a normal marriage relationship as evidenced by the homosexual nature of the husband if there is no mental illness present (U.F. [U.C.] v. J.C., 24 May 1989, Irish Law Times, April 1990, p. 106).
 ...
PMID:P.C. v. P.C. [7 July 1989]. 1234 96

Premature birth can have devastating effects on brain development and long-term functional outcome. Rates of psychiatric illness and learning difficulties are high, and intelligence on average is lower than population means. Brain imaging studies of infants born prematurely have demonstrated reduced volumes of parietal and sensorimotor cortical gray matter regions. Studies of school-aged children have demonstrated reduced volumes of these same regions, as well as in temporal and premotor regions, in both gray and white matter. The degrees of these anatomical abnormalities have been shown to correlate with cognitive outcome and with the degree of fetal immaturity at birth. Functional imaging studies have shown that these anatomical abnormalities are associated with severe disturbances in the organization and use of neural systems subserving language, particularly for school-aged children who have low verbal IQs. Animal models suggest that hypoxia-ischemia may be responsible at least in part for some of the anatomical and functional abnormalities. Increasing evidence suggests that a host of mediators for hypoxic-ischemic insults likely contribute to the disturbances in brain development in preterm infants, including increased apoptosis, free-radical formation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and alterations in the expression of a large number of genes that regulate brain maturation, particularly those involved in the development of postsynaptic neurons and the stabilization of synapses. The collaboration of both basic neuroscientists and clinical researchers is needed to understand how normal brain development is derailed by preterm birth and to develop effective prevention and early interventions for these often devastating conditions.
 ...
PMID:Brain imaging studies of the anatomical and functional consequences of preterm birth for human brain development. 1499 87

Juveniles' competency to participate in delinquency proceedings has received increased attention in recent years. Developmental incompetence, whereby juveniles' incompetency is based upon their immaturity, as opposed to a mental disorder or developmental disability, is an evolving and important aspect of this area of law. The following paper reviews theories used to support the notion of developmental incompetence, as well as the extant empirical research on juveniles' competency-related abilities. Using a LexisNexis search, statutory and case laws pertaining to juvenile competency were identified across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Only six states clearly allow developmental incompetence, whereas 17 have laws that do not include developmental immaturity as an acceptable basis of incompetence in juvenile courts. Developmental incompetence is likely to affect a relatively small proportion of juvenile cases, but has important implications for juvenile forensic practice. Recommendations are offered for forensic practitioners conducting this type of evaluation.
 ...
PMID:Developmental incompetence to stand trial in juvenile courts. 2238 98

Forensic psychiatric evaluators of adolescent defendants are often asked to address open-ended questions that affect what court an adolescent will be tried in and what sentence he might receive. Such questions often involve the extent to which the adolescent should be considered less culpable than an adult who has committed a similar offense. Assessing partial or diminished culpability in an adolescent is difficult because the concept of partial culpability is complex, assessment methods are inexact, and the implications for legal disposition are often not clear. This article suggests 10 factors a forensic evaluator may wish to consider in reaching opinions about an adolescent's culpability: appreciation of wrongfulness, ability to conform to law, developmental course of aggression and impulsivity, psychosocial immaturity (including time sense, susceptibility to peer pressure, risk-taking, and ability to empathize), environmental circumstances, peer group norms, out-of-character action, incomplete personality development, mental illness, and reactive attitudes toward the offense.
 ...
PMID:But he knew it was wrong: evaluating adolescent culpability. 2239 39

This article details the legal background and assists the reader in the preparation and practical conduct of evaluations regarding juvenile adjudicative competency. The material is presented to be useful as a guide to direct questions of competency and covers aspects of evaluation that include: legal standard for competency to stand trial, developmental immaturity, current practice in juvenile competency to stand trial, forensic evaluation of juvenile competency to stand trial, organizing the evaluation, collateral sources of information, psychiatric evaluation of juvenile adjudicative competency, assessment of mental disorder and intellectual disability, assessment of developmental status, assessment of functional abilities for adjudicative competence, and reaching the forensic opinion.
 ...
PMID:Juvenile offenders: competence to stand trial. 2310 66


1 2 Next >>