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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although numerous references are made to the stressful, deleterious effects of chronic or terminal illnesses and handicaps on the siblings of pediatric patients, very few studies have been conducted using comparison groups. The present study compared the adjustment of 3- to 13-year-old siblings of pediatric hematology (N = 62), cardiology (N = 57), and plastic surgery patients (N = 37) with healthy siblings (N = 46). The adjustment measure was an objective, paper-and-pencil measure of children's emotional and behavioral problems, the Louisville Behavior Checklist. On analyses of covariance, the patient groups were more likely to show symptoms of irritability and social withdrawal, and the differences between illness groups approached significance on measures of fear and inhibition. Among the younger children, ages 3 to 6, there were significant group differences, with the siblings of patients undergoing plastic surgery showing the highest level of general psychopathology. Among children ages 7 to 13, male siblings of patients with blood disorders were more likely to show signs of emotional disturbance than female siblings. No group differences were noted on measures of aggression or learning problems. Significant interactions between sex and age relationship to the child were noted on scales of social withdrawal, inhibition, immaturity, and irritability.
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PMID:Psychologic adjustment of siblings of children with chronic illness. 44 Aug 74

Although there is agreement that marital problems are associated either directly or indirectly with particular child behavior problems, there is disagreement about the types of marital conflict associated with these problems and the differential effects on boys and girls in clinic and nonclinic samples. We examined the relationships among mothers' ratings of marital adjustment, parenting disagreements, and three child problem factors (aggression, anxiety, and immaturity) after the child's age and family socioeconomic status were controlled. These relationships were compared with samples of boys and girls (3 to 8 years of age) from clinic and nonclinic populations, revealing that parenting disagreement predicted aggression in all groups and that both marital adjustment and parenting disagreement predicted anxiety in boys. Neither marital variable predicted immaturity. Possible reasons for the results (including methodological limitations of the present data) are discussed.
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PMID:The relationship of interparental conflict and global marital adjustment to aggression, anxiety, and immaturity in aggressive and nonclinic children. 177 Jan 85

Superego precursors appear in the latter part of the first year, concomitant with the behavioural control necessitated and made possible by ego development, particularly of intentionality, communication, and mobility. During the second year of life wilful strivings intensify, complicated by the power struggles of the rapprochement crisis. A subtle process of negotiation accompanies the learning of parental rules and regulations, and the infant also learns that some rules and limits are non-negotiable. The development of the superego depends not only on 'identification with the aggressor' and self-directed aggression, but on positive identifications and internalizations of approval. While the real attitudes of the caregiver are communicated and are important, superego precursors, because of the infant's drives, defences, and ego immaturity, may be far removed from the reality of the caregiver's attitudes and intent. The parents' and infants' inter-identifications and empathy for each other contribute to the capacity for self-criticism, guilt, and remorse, attributes of the developing superego.
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PMID:The development of autonomy and superego precursors. 207 46

The association between interspousal aggression and child problems was assessed after controlling for parents' general marital discord. Participants were 87 couples requesting marital therapy who had children between 5 and 12 years old. Spouses completed measures of marital aggression, marital discord, child problems, and family demographics. Marital aggression contributed unique variance to the prediction of conduct disorder, personality disorder, inadequacy-immaturity, and clinical levels of problematic child behavior after marital discord, child's age, child's sex, and Marital Discord X Child's sex interaction were controlled. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Interspousal aggression, marital discord, and child problems. 273 17

The 1 child per family policy was begun in China in 1980 in order to keep the population down to 1.15 billion by year 2000. By 1985, 80-90% of urban families and 50-60% of rural families had only 1 child. This study of 697 children aged 3-6 in urban, suburban-rural, and remote rural areas in and around Nanjing was designed to determine whether only children developed significantly more behavior problems than did children with siblings. The survey used the Child and Family Questionnaire and a Chinese version of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. The age of the parents ranged from 25-40 years, and 99% of the marriages were not arranged. 60% of the families were nuclear, and 40% were stem, i.e., the married couple lived with either the husband's or the wife's parents. Only 1/4 of the families had wanted children for traditional reasons, such as to continue a clan, to provide labor, or to provide old-age security. 29% had wanted only 1 child, 63% preferred 2, and 3% preferred 3 children. The remote rural families wanted the most children. 54% of families indicated no preference for a boy or a girl, and 51.59% of the children were boys, and 48.5% were girls. 71% of the children attended public day care institutions and were thus exposed to socialization even if they were only children. 89% of the children slept in the same bed as their parents, the usual custom in China. Behavior problems included in the questionnaire were immaturity, regression, schizoid behavior, depression, moodiness, neuroses, and aggression. Single factor and multifactor analyses of variance were used to determine the effects of demographic variables and presence or absence of siblings on behavior problems. Boys who were only children and who were cared for by grandparents had more anxious aggression than only children cared for by parents. But boys who had siblings and were cared for by grandparents scored lower for anxious aggression. All boys who were cared for by grandparents had more anxious aggression than boys cared for by parents. Girls who were only children of parents who preferred 2 children scored high for moodiness, but girls who had siblings and whose parents preferred 1 child had highest scores for obsessive-neurotic behavior and aggression. Girls who were only children and lived in rural areas had higher temper scores than did only children girls in the country. But for girls with siblings temper scores were higher in the city. Girls who were only children and lived in nuclear families had higher temper scores than those who lived in stem families, but girls who had siblings and lived in nuclear families had lower temper scores than those who lived in stem families. In general, the behavior patterns of only children were significantly different only for boys. The results of this study indicate that the 1 child per family policy will not result in problem behavior among children.
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PMID:Family planning and child mental health in China: the Nanjing Survey. 318 96

Histopathologic prognostic factors of 295 pretreatment tumors of a total 641 neuroblastomas and ganglioneuroblastomas were studied with the use of the following proposed tumor classification. The tumors were divided into 2 groups: stroma-poor (235 cases) and stroma-rich (60 cases) according to their organizational pattern (stromal development). The stroma-poor group was classified further into 2 subgroups: favorable stroma-poor (84% survival) and unfavorable stroma-poor (4.5% survival) according to the patient's age at diagnosis, degree of maturation, and nuclear pathology [mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI)] of the neuroblastic cells. The stroma-rich group was further classified into 3 subgroups: well differentiated (100% survival), intermixed (92% survival), and nodular (18% survival) on the basis of morphology of the immature element in the tumor tissue without regard to patient's age or quantitative maturation. Favorable stroma-poor and well-differentiated and intermixed stroma-rich groups seem to make good prognosis groups (87% survival), which show gradual progression along a maturational sequence according to the age of the patient. Unfavorable stroma-poor and nodular stroma-rich groups form poor prognosis groups (7% survival) and show morphological evidence of malignant or aggressive behavior, such as inappropriate immaturity for age, higher MKI, and gross nodule formation by immature neuroblasts.
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PMID:Histopathologic prognostic factors in neuroblastic tumors: definition of subtypes of ganglioneuroblastoma and an age-linked classification of neuroblastomas. 658 32

Using MMPI test, 196 patients with duodenal ulcer were studied for their personal traits. The patients' personality was characterized by a high level of anxiety, mental tension, emotional immaturity, affective rigidity, suppressed aggression. The most apparent in the young adults were deviations from the norm of psychopathic nature; as patients grew older, their illness of longer duration, their personal profile tended to be dominated by a problem of suppressed aggression and emotional immaturity, with hypochondriac and depressive tendencies to be on the increase. The personal traits did not appear to be dependent upon severity of the disease course or much affected by the treatments administered that incorporated tranquilizers, antidepressants and a novel synthetic opioid hexapeptide dalargin.
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PMID:[The personality characteristics of patients with duodenal peptic ulcer]. 933 92

The goal of this study was to instrumentally evaluate the skin of healthy infants and to compare it to adult skin. A total of 70 infants, 45 girls and 25 boys, ages 8-24 months, and 30 healthy women were studied by means of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance, and pH measurements at two different skin sites, the volar forearm and the buttocks. No significant differences in TEWL were found between infants and adults, either on the buttocks or on the volar forearm. On the contrary, capacitance values were higher in infants. Their skin also appeared less acid than that of adults, with high statistical significance. No TEWL, capacitance, or pH variations were observed in infants according to sex and age. On the basis of the above data, the skin of infants 8-24 months of age shows functional signs of immaturity. This may lead to an increased permeability and a reduced capacity for defense against chemical and microbial aggression.
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PMID:Skin barrier, hydration, and pH of the skin of infants under 2 years of age. 1135 44

Five hundred and thirty five Chilean schoolchildren were evaluated with a test-retest procedure using teacher and parent questionnaires in first and sixth grade, respectively, and a measure of self-esteem in sixth grade. According to teachers' ratings, disobedience/aggression, shyness and hyperactivity persisted. Cross-predictions were found: disobedience/aggression increased the risk of cognitive/concentration problems, which predicted emotional immaturity, while hyperactivity predicted disobedience/aggression. Teacher's global opinion of poor achievement predicted cognitive/concentration problems, and poor conduct predicted hyperactivity. Behavioral problems rated by parents in first grade predicted their persistence. Detection of problems in first grade predicts sixth grade outcomes, providing information for implementing preventive interventions.
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PMID:Prediction of behavioral problems in Chilean schoolchildren. 1573 88

In order for ABO-incompatible organ transplantation to be performed successfully, the antibody response must be targeted. Aggressive strategies are usually required both to remove pre-existing antibodies directed at donor A/B antigens and to suppress further production of antibodies. If this can be accomplished in the short-term, graft accommodation of ABO-incompatible transplants may develop upon eventual re-accumulation of antibodies as the graft acquires resistance to antibody-mediated damage. In contrast to mature individuals, very young infants lack isohemagglutinins due to a natural lag in development of immunity to T cell-independent polysaccharide antigens. This delay in maturation permits a window of safety during which infants can receive ABO-incompatible grafts without the requirement for aggressive immunosuppressive strategies. We have recently demonstrated that ABO-incompatible heart transplantation performed during this stage of immaturity is followed by the spontaneous development of donor-specific B cell tolerance rather than graft accommodation, and that tolerance in this setting occurs by a cellular mechanism of antigen-specific B cell elimination. This finding is strikingly similar to the original descriptions of neonatal T cell tolerance in mice. Our data provide compelling justification that every effort should be made to include juvenile recipients routinely as subjects in tolerance research. Through understanding the mechanisms underlying tolerance in this setting, as with murine models of neonatal tolerance originally described by Medawar and colleagues, it may be possible to expand the potential applications of tolerance strategies to older patient populations.
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PMID:Targeting antibody-mediated rejection in the setting of ABO-incompatible infant heart transplantation: graft accommodation vs. B cell tolerance. 1597 36


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