Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029713 (immaturity)
 4,335 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fever is a prominent sign of an acute-phase response induced by microbial invasion, tissue injury, immunologic reactions, or inflammatory processes. This generalized host response is produced by a multiplicity of localized or systemic diseases and characterized by acute, subacute, or chronic changes in metabolic, endocrinologic, neurologic, and immunologic functions. The fundamental event is an initiation of the acute-phase response by the production of a mediated molecule called IL-1. This polypeptide is produced primarily from phagocytic cells such as blood monocytes, phagocytic lining cells of the liver and spleen, and other tissue macrophages. IL-1 produces a local reaction but also enters the circulation, acting as a hormone to mediate distant organ system responses to infection, immunologic reaction, and inflammatory processes. Fever is the result when IL-1 initiates the synthesis of prostaglandins, notably prostaglandin E2 in the thermoregulatory center located in the anterior hypothalamus. The thermostatic set point is then raised and mechanisms to conserve heat (vasoconstriction) and to produce heat (shivering) are initiated. The result is a sudden rise in body temperature. The same basic mechanisms are involved in FUO. Many of the biologic and biochemical changes that are seen in FUO are also evidence of an acute-phase response. The elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is partly due to increased synthesis of hepatic proteins, including compliment components, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein. IL-1 acts directly on the bone marrow to increase absolute numbers and immaturity of circulating neutrophils. Anemia is produced by many mechanisms, including the reduction of circulating serum iron. Although fever production in the elderly maybe delayed or of less intensity, it is still a marker of significant disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Fever of unknown origin in the elderly. 266 44

In 46 newborn calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome which had been delivered prematurely by caesarean section a blood coagulation profile was established. These animals were compared with 26 healthy, 5- to 8-day-old calves. Prematurely delivered calves showed a lower average plasma fibrinogen concentration than animals delivered in due time. Calves which developed a respiratory distress syndrome had a slightly prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time as well as a lower antithrombin III activity already immediately postnatum compared with healthy prematures and some-day-old calves. It has to be assumed that in calves with respiratory distress syndrome--in analogy to pulmonary immaturity--the blood clotting mechanism is not yet fully developed. In healthy prematures and surviving asphyctic calves hemostasis remains largely stable during the first day of life, whereas plasma fibrinogen concentration increases. In the calves not surviving the examination period prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time postnatum became significantly longer. Only in these severely asphyctic calves the presence of a consumption coagulopathy seems likely. A secondary reactive fibrinolysis was not observed.
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PMID:[Changes in the blood coagulation potential of premature calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome]. 271 60

The blood clotting and fibrinolysis systems were examined in 97 newborns hospitalized for diseases caused by infection. Two groups were isolated on the basis of differences in birth weight: group A with normal birth weight and group B with low birth weight. The observation of changes developing in the blood clotting and fibrinolysis systems during infection was confirmed. Differences were noted in the response of blood clotting system between group A and B. In newborns with low birth weight (group B) plasma clotting time was more frequently prolonged (especially the time of prothrombin plasma clotting), and prolongation was noted also in the plasma euglobulin lysis time. Less frequently, however, a positive ethanol test and reactions in the form of increased fibrinogen concentration and platelet count rise were found. These differences may suggest a more profound immaturity of the studied newborns with low birth weight, and their greater susceptibility to infection-related coagulopathy.
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PMID:[Changes in the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in newborn infants with infections and normal and low birth weight]. 281 42

To clarify the hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic dynamics of the perinatal period and also to seek the cause of SGA (small for gestational age) baby birth, the coagulation and fibrinolysis of the cord blood were examined, and moreover a comparison with the maternal blood, discussion on the difference in birth weight, and an examination of the difference due to the sex of babies were made in 68 cases with full-term, vaginal, spontaneous delivery, and the following conclusions were reached. In comparison with maternal blood, cord blood significantly showed any of the following: Prolongations of the prothrombin time, and the activated partial thromboplastin time, a decrease in fibrinogen, and a decrease in the platelet aggregation, antithrombin III, and plasminogen. In addition, high values for thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were observed. In the SGA group, significant decreases were observed in the platelet count, antithrombin III, plasminogen, and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor as compared with the AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational age) baby groups. No sex difference was observed in the hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic capacities of the cord blood. These hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic capacities, particularly changes in the fibrinolytic system observed in the SGA group, seem to be attributable to chronic DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) and mild acidosis due to various stresses during pregnancy and at parturition, in turn due to immaturity of the liver in babies.
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PMID:[Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in cord blood with reference to birth weight]. 405 31

The special characteristics and relative immaturity of the immune system in human neonates favour the constitution and persistence of circulating immune complexes after any antigenic invasion so that their detection in serum during the first week of life could be of paticular interest for the early diagnosis of a neonatal infection. In this study, using a technique based on the inhibition of a latex agglutination, we detected circulating immune complexes in sixty-four neonates suspected of infection, at a significantly higher titre than in eleven newborns considered to be completely devoid of any clinical abnormalities. The level of those circulating immune complexes was related to the severity of a clinically considered as a high risk of infection. On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between the infection score and the level of fibrinogen in the blood or the percentage of nonsegmented neutrophils. Moreover, no correlation was demonstrated between each of these two classical biological tests and the level of circulating immune complexes.
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PMID:Detection of immune complexes in the sera of human newborns suspected of neonatal infection. 740 98

The current hypothesis for the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis involves the intramedullary release of growth factors from defective or abnormal megakaryocytes. We describe a case of an acute micromegakaryocytic leukaemia, in a patient with chronic myelofibrosis, that provides additional evidence for this concept. The micromegakaryocytes, which reached 223 x 10(9)/l, were characterized morphologically by both light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemically and by platelet peroxidase activity. The cells were shown to have a mature cytoplasm, containing alpha granules and the associated proteins; vWF:Ag, fibrinogen, fibronectin and protein S. DNA analysis, by both a Seescan Solitaire Plus image analysis system and flow cytometry, revealed nuclear immaturity, with 92% of cells being diploid. Serum markers of connective tissue synthesis, namely carboxy terminal peptide of procollagen I (PICP), procollagen terminal peptide III (PIIIP) and laminin all increased significantly following transformation and were associated with an increase in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). These observations support the current hypothesis for bone marrow fibrosis formation and provide, for the first time, a link between in vivo growth factor release, bone marrow stromal turnover and megakaryocyte mass. In addition, the release of biologically active TGF-beta may explain both the increased fibronectin and angiogenesis characteristic of myelofibrotic bone marrow.
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PMID:Characterization of an acute micromegakaryocytic leukaemia: evidence for the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis. 843 38

We hypothesized that the immaturity of the newborn coagulation system may influence the procoagulant activity of clotbound thrombin. 125I-Labeled fibrin clots were prepared from adult and cord plasma, incubated in their respective plasmas, and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) production was measured. Cord plasma clots generated significantly less FPA compared with adult plasma clots (p < 0.001). Cord plasma clots incubated in adult plasma generated similar amounts of FPA as cord plasma clots in cord plasma. Adult plasma clots incubated in cord plasma clots generated more FPA than adult plasma clots in adult plasma. Adult and cord plasma clots were then incubated with purified human adult fibrinogen, and the discrepancy between adult and newborn plasma clots remained (p < 0.01). To compare the amount of clot bound thrombin, adult and cord plasma clots were sonicated and incubated with fibrinogen. Again, significantly less thrombin was seen in cord clots compared with adult clots (p < 0.01). Because cord plasma has lower prothrombin concentrations (0.5 U/mL) we increased cord plasma prothrombin concentration by the addition of purified prothrombin. Prothrombin supplemented cord plasma clots generated more thrombin than unsupplemented clots (p < 0.01) and in amounts similar to the adult system. In conclusion, decreased amounts of thrombin present in cord plasma clots compared with adult plasma clots results in less FPA production. The low plasma concentration of prothrombin in cord plasma is responsible for this phenomenon.
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PMID:Decreased thrombin activity of fibrin clots prepared in cord plasma compared with adult plasma. 872 36

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants may be related to the immaturity of the vascular bed in the germinal matrix. We measured six hemostatic parameters whose alterations may represent an additional risk factor for IVH in preterm infants. On postnatal day 1 there were differences between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and antigen, of both full-term and preterm infants with and without IVH (P < 0.05). Preterms with IVH were different to both full-terms and preterms without IVH. No difference was observed in plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, plasminogen and von Willebrand factor. Plasma concentrations of antithrombin III were significantly higher in full-term infants than in preterm infants. The difference between the platelet counts of preterm infants with and without IVH was not significant (P > 0.05). Elevation of crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XDP), determined by the SimpliRED D-dimer test, correlated in four out of five premature infants with the diagnosis of IVH by ultrasonography. No elevation of D-dimer XDP was observed in premature infants without IVH (11/12) and full-term infants (6/6). In conclusion, a hypercoagulable state, indicated by a rise in D-dimer XDP, may be initiated by some types of trauma to fragile blood vessels of the preterm infants who develop IVH. This hypercoagulability is further exacerbated by the increased release of PAI-1 leading to suppressed fibrinolysis.
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PMID:Intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants: evidence of suppressed fibrinolysis. 873 35

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation with giant hemangiomas. We present a very low birth weight infant with this syndrome who underwent four operations. A male baby (1179 g, 37 cm) was born at a gestational age of 28 weeks and 6 days by caesarean section. A large hemangioma, 7 x 8 cm in size, was recognized on the left thigh. As associated consumption coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome) was diagnosed with platelet count 5.1 +/- 10(4) mm-3 and fibrinogen 49 mg.dl-1. Despite treatment with liniac X-ray radiation, systemic steroid and component transfusion, coagulopathy became worse with extremely low platelet count of 1.1 x 10(4) mm-3. Infusion of dopamine and dobutamine was necessary for high output cardiac failure. On day 9, PDA ligation was performed. Cerebro-ventricular drainage, ventricuro-peritoneal shunt and shunt revision were required on day 15, 49 and 88, respectively, for hydrocephalus due to intraventricular hemorrhage. Main anesthetics used were fentanyl and sevoflurane. Major problems encountered by anesthetists were: bleeding tendency, water and electrolyte management, body temperature control, and immaturity and fragility of premature infant. Coagulopathy in Kasabach-Merritt syndrome must be a risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage, which is a characteristic complication of a very low birth weight infant.
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PMID:[Anesthetic problems in a very low birth weight infant with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]. 881 2

A total of 207 thoracic radiographs obtained from 128 foals were evaluated to assess the impact of pulmonary radiographic pattern, distribution, and severity of pulmonary changes on short-term survival of neonatal foals. The association between selected clinical variables and the radiographic manifestation of neonatal respiratory disease was also investigated. The evaluation of interstitial and alveolar-interstitial radiographic patterns within the caudodorsal, caudoventral, and cranioventral lung regions proved to be highly reliable between viewers in the study. A diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome was related to increased pulmonary infiltrates within the caudodorsal lung region. Dyspneic foals had more extensive pulmonary infiltrates within the cranioventral lung, advanced respiratory disease, and lower survival rates. A fibrinogen concentration >400 mg/dL was associated with increased cranioventral radiographic abnormalities. In addition, tachypnea most consistently related to diffuse (caudodorsal, caudoventral, and cranioventral) pulmonary changes. Neutropenia, milk reflux from the nares, upper airway pathology, abnormal respiratory sounds, failure of transfer of passive immunity (IgG concentration <400 mg/dL), immaturity, or fever, however, were not related to radiographic pattern, distribution, or severity of radiographic changes. Sixty-five percent of foals with radiographic pulmonary disease were discharged alive from our referral hospital. Concurrent caudodorsal and caudoventral radiographic disease was most frequently observed in this foal population. Increased caudodorsal radiographic scores retained statistical significance as a prognostic indicator for nonsurvival in a multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis.
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PMID:Clinical and prognostic significance of radiographic pattern, distribution, and severity of thoracic radiographic changes in neonatal foals. 1465 26


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