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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of pirarubicin (THP)-cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy for refractory and recurrent high-grade osteosarcoma. Between 2008 and 2010, 23 patients with refractory and recurrent high-grade osteosarcoma were included in this analysis. THP was given at a dose of 50 mg/m(2) i.v. d1 and DDP 100-120 mg/m(2) i.v. d2-3 every 3 weeks. Treatment was continued until evidence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumor response was usually evaluated every two chemotherapy cycles by CT/MRI scan. The primary end point was overall response rate, secondary endpoint including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate, and toxicities. A total of 68 cycles were given, median 2 per patient (range 2-7). Overall response rate was 13% and disease control rate was 34.5%, with 3 partial responses and 5 stable diseases. Median time to progression and overall survival time were 2 (95%CI 2-11) and 10 months (95%CI 6-23), respectively. Major severe toxicities were grade 3 or 4 leucopenia occurred 12 times (17.7%) in total cycles; Mild toxicities included grade 1 or 2 nausea and vomiting (80.9%), leucopenia (61.8%), fatigue (50.0%), and alopecia (79.4%). THP-DDP regimen chemotherapy represents an active and well-tolerated treatment for Chinese refractory and recurrent high-grade osteosarcoma patients. Further assessment is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of this treatment.
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PMID:Evaluation of pirarubicin-cisplatin chemotherapy in the treatment for refractory and recurrent high-grade osteosarcoma: experience of a single institute. 2174 27

Veterinary medicine is most often a mysterious world for the human doctors. However, animals are important for human medicine thanks to the numerous biological similarities. Primary bone tumors are not uncommon in veterinary medicine and especially in small domestic animals as dogs and cats. As in human medicine, osteosarcoma is the most common one and especially in the long bones extremities. In the malignant bone tumor family, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma are following. Benign bone tumors as osteoma, osteochondroma and bone cysts do exist but are rare and of little clinical significance. Diagnostic modalities used depend widely on the owner willing to treat his animal. Radiographs and bone biopsy are the standard to make a diagnosis but CT, nuclear medicine and MRI are more an more used. As amputation is treatment number one in appendicular bone tumor in veterinary medicine, this explains on the one hand why more recent imaging modalities are not always necessary and on the other hand, that prognostic on large animals is so poor that it is not much studied. Chemotherapy is sometimes associated with the surgery procedure, depending on the aggressivity of the tumor. Although, the strakes differs a lot between veterinary and human medicine, biological behavior are almost the same and should led to a beneficial team work between all.
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PMID:Imaging of primary bone tumors in veterinary medicine: which differences? 2219 93

A 15-yr old boy presented with low backache for 4 months associated with weakness of left lower limb. MRI of lumbosacral spine showed a sacral lesion with intraspinal and presacral soft tissue extension with neural compression. A diagnosis of tuberculosis was considered in the view of high prevalence in this part of the world, however biopsy revealed Ewing's sarcoma. Ewing's tumor of sacrum is rare, but should be suspected in low backache in children. Differential diagnosis for a sacral lesion includes tuberculosis, pyogenic osteomyelitis, lymphoma, chordoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. MRI is sensitive in detecting these lesions but is nonspecific requiring histopathological examination for confirmation.
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PMID:Sacral Ewing's Sarcoma and Challenges in it's Diagnosis on MRI. 2247 Jun 16

Chordoma is a rare primary malignant bone tumor and there exist only a few established human chordoma cell lines. The scarcity of robust chordoma cell lines has limited the ability to study this tumor. In this report, we describe the establishment of a novel chordoma cell line and characterize its in vitro and in vivo behaviors. The tumor tissue was isolated from a patient with recurrent chordoma of the sacrum. After 6 months in culture, the chordoma cell line, referred here as CH22, was established. Microscopic analysis of two-dimensional culture confirmed that the CH22 cells exhibited a typical vacuolated cytoplasm similar to the well-established chordoma cell line U-CH1. Electron microscopy showed cohesive cells with numerous surface filopodia, pockets of glycogen and aggregates of intermediate tonofilaments in cytoplasm. Three-dimensional culture revealed that the CH22 cells could grow and form clusters by day 8. The MTT assays demonstrated that, compared with sensitive osteosarcoma cell lines, CH22 cells were relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that the CH22 cells expressed brachyury, vimentin, and cytokeratin. Finally, histological analysis of CH22 xenograft tumor tissues demonstrated the appearance of physaliphorous cells and positive staining of brachyury, cytokeratin, and S100. By CT and MRI, imaging xenografts showed the typical appearances seen in human chordomas. These findings suggest that the established novel human chordoma cell line CH22 and its tumorigenecity in SCID nude mice may serve as an important model for studying chordoma cell biology and the development of new therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a novel chordoma cell line: CH22. 2250 29

A review of patients with skull base osteosarcoma secondary to radiation (radiation-induced osteosarcoma: RIOS) of the pituitary tumor shows the mean survival of approximately 7 months (2 weeks-16 months). This warning prognosis seems to stem from two factors, 1) the anatomical complexity of the skull base for total resection of the tumor, and 2) standard adjuvant therapies for the tumor yet to be established. Contrary to the general belief, the authors report an unusually long survival of a 75-year-old woman with a history of osteosarcoma that developed in the same sequence 20 years after pituitary tumor radiation. On her recent admission, she complained of frontal headaches and MRI studies showed a tumor in the sphenoid sinus. Endoscopic trans-nasal tumor removal allowed for histological diagnosis of an osteosarcoma. However, further rapid tumor growth necessitated a radical tumor resection followed by a combined chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE). Despite temporary suppression of the tumor growth, the chemotherapy was discontinued due to severe pancytopenia that occurred after three courses of treatment. Shortly after the discontinuation of ICE therapy, the tumor size increased again rapidly, requiring a novel radiation therapy, Cyber-knife treatment. Following this radiation, the tumor growth was arrested, and the patient remains healthy without neurological symptoms over 24 months. The outcome of Cyber-knife in this case suggests that this specific therapy must be considered for the unresectable skull base RIOS.
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PMID:Advanced therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced osteosarcoma in the skull base: a case report and review. 2288 12

Primary chondrosarcoma is the third most frequent primary malignancy of bone after myeloma and osteosarcoma. It is ranging from slow growing nonmetastasising lesions to highly aggressive lesions. We report a case of primary intramedullary chondrosarcoma of proximal humerus. A 60-year-old female presented with pain and hard swelling involving the left arm for 5 months. Radiograph showed a lucent expansile intramedullary lesion with matrix calcification and associated soft tissue mass. CT confirmed the finding. MRI showed a lobulated lesion which is hyperintense on T2WI with low signal fibrous septae. Increased tracer uptake was seen on bone scan. Histopathology confirmed the radiology diagnosis. The patient underwent wide resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction of proximal humerus.
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PMID:Intramedullary chondrosarcoma of proximal humerus. 2711 Apr 23

Radiation therapy is frequently used method in treatment of the head and neck malignancies. Osteosarcoma is a rare complication of radiation therapy and usually occurs after a long latent period. We report the case of 75-year-old female with osteosarcoma of the mastoid process. Twelve years before presentation she received radiation therapy after total parotidectomy and radical neck dissection in treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland. Diagnostic procedures included contrast-enhanced CT and MRI of the head and neck and HRCT of the temporal bone. The final diagnosis of the low grade osteosarcoma was confirmed by biopsy. Diagnostic criteria were fulfilled and the lesion was classified as a radiation induced osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the mastoid process following radiation therapy of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland--a case report. 2339 92

Extraosseous osteosarcoma (EOO) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that produces osteoid and bone. It is sometimes accompanied by cartilage. It is located in soft tissue without skeletal attachment. A previous study revealed that extraosseous osteosarcoma is a chemoresistant tumor with a poor prognosis and should be distinct from osseous osteosarcoma. Out of more than a hundred of osteosarcoma recorded during 1992 to 2012 in Chiang Mai Hospital, only one was EOO. This is a case report of a 44-year-old Asian man who first noticed a small right thigh soft tissue mass associated with pain. MRI reveals a heterogeneous mass in the quadriceps muscle without continuity with the bone. Wide resection of the tumor was performed. Microscopically, the tumors composed of large size spindle shape and bizarre malignant cell with osteoid production. After the resection, adjuvant radiation by brachytherapy technique, and chemotherapy was performed. At postoperative 24-months follow-up, the patient was free from local recurrence and distant metastasis, compared to seven months of median survival time for patients treated with resection alone in previous case reports.
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PMID:Extraosseous osteosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. 2369 5

Malignant bone tumors are very rare entities in the bones of the hand. The histologic subtypes (chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing-sarcoma) preferentially manifest in varying regions of the skeleton. Chondrosarcomas are the most frequent malignant bone tumor type in the hand. Cardinal symptoms of malignant bone tumors in the hand and in general are a new swelling and pain in the affected bones. The primary diagnostic tools are radiologic techniques (x-ray, CT, MRI) for assessment of local tumor growth and the oncologic staging. A definitive treatment of malignant bone tumors should be carried out in specialized centers, as these tumors are rare. Surgical therapy is completed by chemo- or radiotherapy, if required because of histologic subtype and local or systemic spreading. Safe margins of tumor resection should be preferred to function-preserving treatment for tumors of the hand while the preservation of functional units should be pursued whenever possible.
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PMID:[Malignant bone tumors of the hand]. 2386 Jul 1

More bony malignancies are metastatic than primary tumours. Usually, it is not difficult to distinguish a metastasis from a primary tumour; however, when the metastasis is the first manifestation of malignant disease, diagnosis may cause numerous difficulties and lead to therapeutic errors. A patient with one year's history of pain in the right crus who was initially suspected of having sciatica and venous thrombosis was referred to an orthopaedic department when radiographs of the crus were suspicious for an osteosarcoma. CT and MRI scans revealed a tumour originating in the proximal fibula with numerous periosteal reactions. A biopsy indicated metastatic adenocarcinoma. Further diagnostic examinations didn't reveal the primary tumour. A PET scan showed a small pulmonary nodule of unknown aetiology. The patient underwent limb-sparing surgery followed by chemotherapy. The diagnostic work-up of bony malignancies may pose difficulties. Despite a characteristic presentation of sarcomas of bone in imaging examinations, it may be impossible to distinguish metastases and primary tumours. This problem especially concerns patients in whom metastases are the first manifestation of malignant disease and imaging examinations show no abnormalities in internal organs. Histopathological evaluation should be mandatory for all bone tumours which are not confirmed metastases before any therapeutic decisions are made. One must be aware of limitations and errors related to diagnostic work-up in oncology, including histopathological examinations. Sometimes it may be impossible to obtain a result of microscopic analysis compatible with the clinical presentation.
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PMID:Metastasis of adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary site to the right crus simulating sarcoma - a case report. 2389 5


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