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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor. We report an exceptional case located in the forearm. A 62-year-old woman consulted for a tumor of the right forearm which she had noticed for six months. Physical examination revealed a 10 x 12 cm tumor with an ulcerated center. MRI demonstrated a heterogeneous mass exhibiting no connection with the bone or subjacent periosteum. Wide surgical resection was performed. The pathology study of the operative specimen confirmed the diagnosis of soft tissue osteosarcoma. The patient was given postoperative chemotherapy and was free of local recurrence or metastasis eighteen months after surgery. We discuss the present case and review data reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the forearm: a case report]. 1550 70

The standard pharmacokinetic model for the analysis of MRI contrast reagent (CR) bolus-tracking (B-T) data assumes that the mean intracellular water molecule lifetime (tau(i)) is effectively zero. This assertion is inconsistent with a considerable body of physiological measurements. Furthermore, theory and simulation show the B-T time-course shape to be very sensitive to the tau(i) magnitude in the physiological range (hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds). Consequently, this standard model aspect can cause significant underestimations (factors of 2 or 3) of the two parameters usually determined: K(trans), the vascular wall CR transfer rate constant, and v(e), the CR distribution volume (the extracellular, extravascular space fraction). Analyses of animal model data confirmed two predicted behaviors indicative of this standard model inadequacy: (1) a specific temporal pattern for the mismatch between the best-fitted curve and data; and (2) an inverse dependence of the curve's K(trans) and v(e) magnitudes on the CR dose. These parameters should be CR dose-independent. The most parsimonious analysis allowing for realistic tau(i) values is the 'shutter-speed' model. Its application to the experimental animal data essentially eliminated the two standard model signature inadequacies. This paper reports the first survey for the extent of this 'shutter-speed effect' in human data. Retrospective analyses are made of clinical data chosen from a range of pathology (the active multiple sclerosis lesion, the invasive ductal carcinoma breast tumor, and osteosarcoma in the leg) that provides a wide variation, particularly of K(trans). The signature temporal mismatch of the standard model is observed in all cases, and is essentially eliminated by use of the shutter-speed model. Pixel-by-pixel maps show that parameter values from the shutter-speed analysis are increased by more than a factor of 3 for some lesion regions. This endows the lesions with very high contrast, and reveals heterogeneities that are often not seen in the standard model maps. Normal muscle regions in the leg allow validation of the shutter-speed model K(trans), v(e), and tau(i) magnitudes, by comparison with results of previous careful rat leg studies not possible for human subjects.
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PMID:Evidence for shutter-speed variation in CR bolus-tracking studies of human pathology. 1557 8

Radiation therapy of the neck or axillary areas for cancer may result in delayed brachial plexus palsy. Differential diagnosis between radiation and tumor brachial plexopathy is difficult. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman, treated by radiation therapy for osteosarcoma of the humeral head 22 years before, who exhibited a rapidly progressive incomplete hand palsy. EMG study revealed a conduction block at the level of the lateral cord. In this case, MRI could not distinguish between a delayed radiation injury and tumor infiltration. The diagnosis was clarified with an ultrasonographic examination. Neurolysis and epineurotomy of the median trunk in the brachial and axillary areas were performed. Histological examination confirmed radiation-induced nerve injury. The characteristics of this uncommon form are reviewed with regard to the previously reported descriptions.
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PMID:[An uncommon form of delayed radio-induced brachial plexopathy]. 1575 13

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare malignant soft-tissue tumor. There are few reports describing the radiological findings of this tumor, especially concerning its MRI and scintigraphic appearance. We report a 58-year-old man with extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the thigh. Radiographs showed small foci of mineralization in the mass. The tumor showed low intensity on T1-weighted images and predominantly high intensity on T2-weighted images, and the tumor was heterogeneously well enhanced on Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted images. Bone scintigraphy showed extraskeletal uptake in the tumor, and thallium-201 scintigraphy revealed marked inhomogeneous accumulation.
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PMID:Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the thigh: a case report. 1582 35

Cranial localization of osteosarcoma is rare, representing only 0,7-3% of cranial primary tumours. The authors present the case of a 33 year old man with occipital osteosarcoma diagnosed by CT scan, MRI and angiography. The radiological features of this pathology are discussed.
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PMID:[Occipital osteosarcoma of a 33 years old man: a case report]. 1641 83

Maffucci's syndrome is a rare sporadic congenital disorder associated with multiple enchondromas and soft tissue hemangiomas. These bone and soft tissue tumors have the potential of malignant transformation to various histologic types: chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. We report a rare case of Maffucci's syndrome with soft tissue angiosarcoma of the leg to illustrate MRI findings with pathologic correlations.
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PMID:MR features of angiosarcoma in a patient with Maffucci's syndrome. 1648 43

The medical applications of lanthanides are diverse: MRI contrast agents, hypophosphatemic agents for kidney dialysis patients, luminescent probes in cell studies, and for palliation of bone pain in osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Editorial: lanthanide compounds for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. 1672 43

Malignant tumours of the chest wall are uncommon. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the CT and MRI findings of malignant neoplasms affecting the bony skeleton of the chest wall and the costal cartilages. The most common primary malignant neoplasms involving the bony skeleton of the chest wall are chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour. Metastases, multiple myeloma and invasive primary lung cancer are the most frequent secondary lesions. We performed a retrospective review of the radiology and pathology archive at our institution from 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2004 and identified 31 of these lesions. Several of these tumours have distinctive radiological features, allowing a confident radiological diagnosis to be suggested.
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PMID:Malignant chest wall neoplasms of bone and cartilage: a pictorial review of CT and MR findings. 1679 48

Low grade central osteosarcoma is a distinct, rare low grade malignant neoplasm characterized histologically by a spindle cell proliferation associated with trabecular bone formation. This tumor usually carries a good prognosis. However, it has the potential to recur, dedifferentiate, and metastasize subsequent to surgical treatment. In extremely rare occasions, LGCOS presents with areas of dedifferentiation upon initial patient evaluation. In this report we describe one such case affecting the fibula of a 39-year-old female, presenting with pain. Initial biopsy demonstrated a high-grade osteosarcoma. No areas of LGCOS were seen histologically. Following biopsy the patient received 3 months of chemotherapy at a different institution. However, the patient continued to exhibit symptoms. X-rays indicated a very aggressive tumor in the diaphysis of the proximal fibula, MRI revealed soft tissue involvement. The tumor and surrounding soft-tissues were excised en bloc at our institution. Microscopically, the lesion consisted of high-grade osteosarcoma as well as an underlying LGCOS that involved the cortex and medullary cavity of the fibula. The two histological components of the tumor were sharply delineated from one another. No chemotherapy effect was appreciated histologically or clinically. Eight months following the surgery, the patient died from lung metastases. This is the third documented case of dedifferentiated LGCOS at initial presentation. This case reveals that the low-grade component was also evident on preoperative radiographs.
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PMID:Dedifferentiated high-grade osteosarcoma originating from low-grade central osteosarcoma of the fibula. 1681 66

Samarium-153 lexidronam (153Sm-EDTMP) is FDA approved for painful osteoblastic bone metastases that image on bone scan. 153Sm-EDTMP decay has a therapeutic beta-emission and a gamma-photon for bone scan imaging. Monitoring of osteosarcoma radiation treatment effectiveness was performed with bone, CT, MRI and PET/CT fusion imaging. Bone scan and PET/CT improved in 5 out of 9 and 16 out of 18 osteosarcoma sites, respectively. 153Sm-EDTMP targets multiple sites of disease, with a single administration. Side effects of 153Sm-EDTMP (0.5-2.5 mCi/kg) have been minimal and include transient thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. 153Sm-EDTMP can be combined with radiation therapy, bisphosphonates and/or chemotherapy to synergistically improve palliation. This article reviews the rationale, indications and monitoring of standard-dose samarium and investigational high-dose 153Sm-EDTMP treatment of cancer involving bone.
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PMID:Samarium for osteoblastic bone metastases and osteosarcoma. 1685 31


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