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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteosarcoma of the skull as a second neoplasm after radiation therapy is unusual. This neoplasm generally occurs after doses of over 10 Gy. CT, MRI and biopsy are the main diagnostic procedures for this lesion. We report two other cases of osteosarcomas of the skull and review the pertinent literature.
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PMID:Radiation-induced osteosarcomas of the skull: report of two cases and review of the literature. 798 91

The records of 3,795 cases of malignant melanoma treated at the INT (Milan) from 1975 to 1992 were reviewed. Histologic confirmation was obtained in all cases. Thirty-one patients (0.82%) with solitary or multiple skeletal metastases were identified. The review of conventional films, tomograms, CT, MR and bone scintigraphy images enabled us to detect 120 single bone lesions. The X-ray features were divided into two groups according to typical and atypical skeletal lesions. Typical bone metastases are osteolytic (87.5%), with medullary origin (91.6%), and they cannot be distinguished from other osteolytic metastases on the basis of imaging criteria alone. Lesion growth causes cortical erosion and destruction (46.6%), pathologic fractures (22.5%) and soft tissue involvement (12.5%). Lytic areas usually have ill-defined margins. Clear-cut outline is an uncommon finding. Atypical skeletal metastases exhibit a mixed osteolytic-osteoblastic pattern (10%), which is hardly ever completely osteoblastic (2.5%). Other unusual metastatic patterns include intense trabecular rarefaction with no detectable single lesion (3.3%), the presence of a well-defined sclerotic rim and periosteal reaction (12.5%). Atypical growth may cause extensive cortical destruction and periosteal production resembling osteogenic osteosarcoma. The various imaging methods show that conventional radiology has relatively poor sensitivity because of anatomical reasons, while MRI is the most sensitive method to detect skeletal localizations. Treatment changes the radiologic patterns of the lesions: recalcification, sclerotic rim, periosteal reaction are common response patterns. Finally, in spite of the above limitations, conventional radiology remains the method of choice to assess lesion evolution during the follow-up.
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PMID:[The radiodiagnosis of bone metastases from melanoma]. 804 25

Scintigraphy was instrumental in two histologically proven cases of forme fruste melorheostosis. Radionuclide bone scans demonstrated a moderately increased uptake of radiopharmaceutical localized to the "flowing" cortical hyperostosis of melorheostosis observed radiographically. The medullary portion of the affected bones showed no increase in tracer activity. In one case, imaging with Tl-201 chloride demonstrated increased focal activity of the lesion. These scintigraphic findings can help distinguish the mildest manifestation (forme fruste) of melorheostosis from the well-ossified lesions of myositis ossificans and parosteal or periosteal osteosarcoma. The findings of MRI are also described in one patient.
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PMID:Radionuclide imaging in forme fruste of melorheostosis. 806 70

Osteosarcomas rarely affect the skull, preferring the long bones. As at other sites, osteosarcomas of the skull may be classified chiefly as de novo, post-radiation and post-Paget cases. Plain films of the skull and, even more, CT and MRI are the key diagnostic procedures for this disease. The treatment is surgery plus chemotherapy, in some cases radiotherapy. We report an odd case of post-radiation and post-Paget osteosarcoma in an elderly woman whose sister had been similarly affected.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the skull. Report of a post-Paget and post-radiation case in an elderly woman. 807 12

A rare case of parosteal osteosarcoma of the cranial vault has been reported. A 32-year-old male was admitted complaining of a hard scalp mass at the left temporoparietal region for several years. On admission he showed no neurological abnormalities. The craniogram, CT and MRI revealed a calcifying mass attached by a small stalk to the skull, and a radiolucent cleft between the tumor and the skull. On operation, the tumor proved to be hard, and it existed between the temporal muscle and the periosteum. A small tumoral attachment existed at the parietal region. The tumor was detached from the skull and the surrounding cranial bone was removed. The histological diagnosis was parosteal osteosarcoma. There have been only 12 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma of the skull reported. The pathological, neuroradiological findings and treatment of parosteal osteosarcoma were the main topics of discussion. This disease should be considered as one of the possible etiologies when a patient with a tumor of the skull is encountered.
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PMID:[A case of parosteal osteosarcoma at the cranial vault]. 809 Feb 74

A case of parosteal osteosarcoma is reported. In spite of the pathognomonic plain radiographic signs of parosteal osteosarcoma, it is very uneasy to differentiate it from myositis ossificans circumscripta in the mature stage. CT and MRI defined the extent of the tumor into the soft tissue, the medullary and cortical invasion and gave more information about the composition of the lesion.
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PMID:Parosteal osteosarcoma. 825 57

Twenty-two patients with metaphyseal primary malignant bone tumors (17 osteosarcomas, 5 Ewing's tumors) occurring before closure of the growth plate were examined with plain radiographs and MRI in order to determine the physeal or epiphyseal extent of the tumor. Results were correlated with the pathologic examination. Transphyseal spread was pathologically proven in 13 cases (59%): 12 cases of osteosarcoma and 1 case of Ewing's tumor (70% and 20%, respectively). There was no significant relation between epiphyseal invasion, age of patient, length of tumor or, in the cases of osteosarcoma, response to chemotherapy. Plain radiographs showed epiphyseal involvement in 4 cases and there were 10 false negatives. MRI revealed epiphyseal involvement in all cases; there were no false positives or false negatives. T1-weighted images in coronal or sagittal planes appeared to be sufficient. These findings are very useful in planning surgical limb salvage procedures and stress the ineffectiveness of the "barrier effect" of the growth plate against tumor spread.
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PMID:Physeal and epiphyseal extent of primary malignant bone tumors in childhood. Correlation of preoperative MRI and the pathologic examination. 825 41

From 1980 to 1992, 39 Borggreve-rotation-plasties were performed in patients with malignant bone tumors at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University of Hamburg. The rotation-plasty was first published in 1930 by Borggreve. Salzer (Wien) described the method in 1981 for the operative treatment of osteosarcomas about the knee. The rotation-plasty is feasible for tumors of the distal femur, even when other limb-saving procedures are impossible, e.g. due to skip metastases, insufficient soft tissue coverage or involvement of the knee joint. The procedure was done on 26 female and 13 male patients, the age ranging between 7 and 45 years with a mean age of 17 years. The histological diagnosis was osteosarcoma in 36 cases, MFH, Ewing's sarcoma and Giant cell tumor in one case, respectively. The operative technique was slightly modified, compared to the method described originally by Salzer. The range of error of the different preoperative imaging procedures was evaluated and compared with the tumor extent in the resected specimen. MRI was found to be most precise. We saw no local recurrencies. Three patients had early thromboses, two of those had to be amputated, slow preoperative compression of the popliteal vein being the main cause in both. One patient developed a lymphatic fistula ten years postoperatively, which was eliminated in a second operation. All patients are followed routinely in the oncologic outpatient service. The functional results were rates "excellent" or "good" for all patients in six of seven categories, according to the Enneking evaluation system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The Borggreve rotation-plasty. A surgical method in therapy of malignant bone tumors and functional results]. 825 94

Osteosarcoma does not often affect the bones of the skull, occurring preferentially in the appendicular skeleton. The patient's age at onset seems to be later when the tumor is in the skull than in other sites. CT and MRI are at present the best means of establishing the extent of the tumor. Surgical removal of the lesion combined with polychemotherapy is the basis of treatment. We report a case of osteosarcoma of the skull in a child and review relevant publications.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the skull in a child: case report and review of the literature. 830 64

The effects of preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremities were investigated with MR imaging. Forty-six patients affected with high-grade osteosarcomas of the extremities underwent MRI before and after two cycles of preoperative chemotherapy. At the end of treatment all tumors were resected and the rate of tumor necrosis was assessed on histologic sections. The MR images obtained before and after treatment were compared. Decreased tumor size, perilesional intramedullary edema and more marked lesion outline correlated well with positive histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy. Soft tissue edema and joint effusion did not change significantly and no clear correlation with histologic response was observed. Decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images is likely to indicate response to chemotherapy. Likewise, poor response correlated with unchanged/increased signal intensity. Therefore, MRI appears a useful means to evaluate chemotherapy-induced changes in osteosarcomas of the extremities.
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PMID:[Osteosarcoma: magnetic resonance imaging of the effects of preoperative chemotherapy]. 833 28


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