Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The production and detailed immunostaining properties of a new rat monoclonal antibody (ICR.2) to epithelial membrane antigen are reported. The antibody was selected for its ability to compete with the polyclonal antiserum (M7), used in the original immunohistological studies, in order that it might serve as a direct replacement in diagnosing epithelial tumours. Most of the staining reactions on normal tissues were identical to those previously reported with M7 but there were some important differences. They included: positivity of renal and adrenal capsular fibroblasts, perineurium, some myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells, occasional osteoblasts and squamous and thyroid follicular epithelium in the normal state. The intercellular canaliculi of sweat glands and secretory canaliculi of gastric oxyntic cells were clearly demonstrated. These staining reactions could be obtained with M7 when a sensitive detection system was used although the results were usually weak and inconsistent. Nearly all adenosquamous and transitional carcinomas were positive. The remaining tumours fell into three major groups: (1) those which were consistently or nearly consistently negative--melanoma, seminoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, granulocytic sarcoma, paraganglioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease and embryonal carcinoma: (2) those which were either negative or positive with distinctive patterns of staining--basal cell carcinoma, embryonal tumours: and (3) non-epithelial tumours that were consistently positive--epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma and myeloma--or positive in a significant minority of cases--leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, clear cell sarcoma of tendon sheath, various neuroectodermal tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detailed investigation of the diagnostic value in tumour histopathology of ICR.2, a new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen. 169 88

Adjuvant therapy is currently established in the treatment of osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Of the 12 reported randomized studies of adjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma, only 2 show a significant overall survival advantage for chemotherapy (the most important endpoint). In three randomized trials, the survival of the observation arm exceeds that of the chemotherapy arm. In two additional studies, subset analyses currently indicate a significant DFS advantage for adjuvant chemotherapy in extremity lesions, but no significant improvement in survival. Although initial NCI reports showed significantly prolonged survival for the subset of chemotherapy-treated extremity primaries, survival on longer follow-up is no longer significantly different. In the subset analysis of retroperitoneal sarcomas in the same NCI study, the survival of the control group is superior to the treatment group. Doxorubicin associated cardiotoxicity has occurred in about 10% of treated patients, occasionally contributing to treatment-related deaths. Based on these data, adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered investigational for adult soft-tissue sarcomas of any primary site. Future randomized trials should include patients at high risk for metastases (large, high-grade lesions) with a reasonable likelihood of local control by radical resection, or resection with uninvolved margins and subsequent radiotherapy. Low-grade sarcomas are currently cured by surgical resection in 80% of cases, and thus should not be included in adjuvant trials.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy for sarcomas. 177 77

In the present experiment, cellular suspension, extracted from osteogenic sarcoma tissue removed from patients in operation, was used to immunize BABL/cmouse. The immunized murine spleen cells and murine myeloma cells were fused. The three lines of the hybridoma cells were produced by fusion and were screened by the method of PAP immunoperoxidase. Three hybridomas (MOG 1, MOF 6, MoC 4) reacted with osteogenic sarcoma but not with the normal synovium. MOF 6 reacted with rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated round cell sarcoma and melanoma but not with other tumors and normal tissues. MOG 1 and MOC 4 reacted with more tumors and tissues. The subclasses of MOF 6 and MOG 1 were identified. Both antibodies are IgG 1. Ascites developed in 10 days after two hybridomas were injected respectively into the murine peritoneal cavities. By more extensive research, the monoclonal antibodies may be used in many clinical and experimental works.
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PMID:[Experimental study of the murine monoclonal antibodies of anti-human osteogenic sarcoma]. 181 44

A total of 2259 children with solid malignant tumors were treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between the years 1962 and 1987. Of these, 112 (5%) developed spinal epidural metastasis with spinal cord compression during the course of their disease process. Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression was caused most commonly by Ewing's sarcoma and neuroblastoma, followed by osteogenic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, soft-tissue sarcoma, germ-cell tumor, Wilm's tumor, and (rarely) hepatoma. There was no significant difference in outcome between patients with small-cell tumors (neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, and germ-cell tumors) who received only chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy and the patients with similar lesions who received a decompressive laminectomy alone or prior to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Patients with spinal cord compression from metastatic sarcoma (Ewing's sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma) showed a significant improvement with decompressive laminectomy alone or before medical therapy, compared to those who received radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy without posterior decompression. Pediatric tumors invade the spinal canal via the neural foramen, compressing the spinal cord in a circumferential manner, allowing decompressive laminectomy (posterior approach) to be an effective surgical approach. Sixty-six percent of children who had no evidence of motor or sensory function below the level of the compression became ambulatory after surgical decompression and medical treatment, regardless of tumor type.
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PMID:Pediatric spinal epidural metastases. 184 14

The pathologic material from 56 patients diagnosed initially as Ewing's sarcoma of the distal extremity and treated on National Cancer Institute protocols between 1968 and 1984 was reviewed and correlated with clinical outcome. Histologically, the tumors were categorized, based on recent pathologic criteria, into three diagnostic groups: (1) typical Ewing's sarcoma, (2) atypical Ewing's sarcoma, and (3) other (predominantly peripheral neuroepithelioma [PN]). Thirty-two patients (57%) had typical Ewing's, 13 (23%) were atypical, and 11 (20%) were in the "other" diagnostic category (seven [13%] PN, two primitive rhabdomyosarcoma, one primitive sarcoma of bone, and one synovial cell sarcoma). No cases of metastatic neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, or lymphoma were found. Forty-five patients had localized disease at diagnosis; 11 had metastases. Patients with typical Ewing's sarcoma were less likely to have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Only two of 32 patients with typical Ewing's sarcoma had metastases compared with nine of 24 patients in the two other groups. The pattern of relapse was also different in these other groups compared with typical Ewing's patients; five patients developed lymph node metastases and two patients developed brain metastases. Although the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis was a strong negative prognostic factor, our histologic grouping was independently prognostic of clinical outcome in patients with localized disease. Patients with typical osseous Ewing's sarcoma had an improved overall survival (P2 = 0.03) and patients with other tumors (neither typical nor atypical Ewing's sarcoma) had a poorer disease-free survival (P2 = 0.02). Since no generally accepted histopathologic prognostic criteria exist for Ewing's sarcoma, the potential value of our proposed classification should be evaluated in a larger retrospective and a prospective study.
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PMID:Prognostic value of histopathology in Ewing's sarcoma. Long-term follow-up of distal extremity primary tumors. 198 13

1. A complete perusal of the literature revealed twenty cases of primary liposarcoma of bone acceptable as such to the authors. These were tabulated as to location and age. 2. Eight cases of osteo-liposarcoma, primary in bone, were encountered in the literature and an additional case was reported by the authors. 3. The authors described for the first time in the literature a new primary tumor of bone of mixed origin: osteo-rhabdomyosarcoma. After careful perusal of the literature they added three additional cases: two cases, previously reported as primary rhabdomyosarcoma of bone, which on careful evaluation of the radiographs in said publications and the paucity of microphotographs they considered to be osteo-rhabdomyosarcomas, and the other case, previously reported as malignant mesenchymoma of the sternum following radiotherapy for breast cancer. 4. The authors prefer to classify these tumors (osteo-liposarcoma and osteo-rhabdomyosarcoma) as "Tumors of Mixed Origin" and not as "Malignant Mesenchymomas". 5. A complete review of the literature revealed 219 reported "dedifferentiated" chondrosarcomas, or chondrosarcomas "with additional mesenchymal component", among which only nine (9) contained a bona fide rhabdomyosarcomatous component. The rest exhibited other mesenchymal tumors as osteogenic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, angiosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma. The authors recommend to continue classifying these tumors as chondrosarcomas with additional mesenchymal component or even as "dedifferentiated" chondrosarcomas but not as malignant mesenchymomas.
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PMID:Bone tumors of mixed origin: osteo-liposarcoma and osteo-rhabdomyosarcoma. 207 43

The comparative accumulation of fluorescein Na2-salt (FINa) by the established cell lines of human tumors (cancer of the uterine body, urinary bladder, Wilms tumor, chorionepithelioma, melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma) and human normal fibroblast cultures was obtained. The tumor cells of the different genesis is characterized by its own parameters of FINa accumulation. The most pronounced accumulation of dye has been noted for cells of cancer of the uterine body, the urinary bladder and chorionepithelioma. The normal cells accumulated FINa less considerably. Mechanism of the selective accumulation of dye by the tumor cells was discussed.
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PMID:[Accumulation of fluorescent dyes in tumor and normal cells of man]. 208 70

Between 1965 and 1988, at the Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires, 22 children developed two successive malignant tumors of different histology. The first tumor was diagnosed between 3 months and 12 years of age: 13 retinoblastoma, 2 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 2 Hodgkin disease, 1 brain stem glioma, 1 endodermal sinus tumor and 1 Ewing sarcoma. Familial cancer was registered in 6 patients. Children were treated with surgery, intensive chemo and radiotherapy. The second malignancy developed after 2 to 13 years: 10 osteosarcoma, 2 Ewing sarcoma, 2 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 glioblastoma, 1 medulloblastoma, 1 synoviosarcoma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 thyroid carcinoma, 1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 acute myeloblastic leukemia. In 17 patients, the tumor developed in irradiated field. There was no evidence of the first tumor and only 1 patient was still under chemotherapy. Oncologic treatment was frustrating for these second tumors and 18 children died. Three are alive with no evidence of disease at 2 years, 2 years and 4 months and 3 years after diagnosis. One patient was lost to follow-up. It if postulated that second malignant tumors are consecutive to genetic predisposition and/or to the oncogenic effect of chemo and radiotherapy. The intensity of each treatment modality must be reduced as much as possible to obtain survival while limiting the secondary effects.
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PMID:[Second malignant tumor in children. Report of 22 cases]. 210 57

We studied the efficacy of mesna as a protectant for urotoxicity in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy including oxazaphosphorines. Nineteen patients with malignant diseases (5 neuroblastoma, 3 acute lymphocytic leukemia, 4 acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, 2 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 3 osteosarcoma and 2 rhabdomyosarcoma) were treated with a total of 106 courses of therapy between June of 1986 and May of 1989. Of these, no gross hematuria were seen. Microhematuria transiently occurred only in 2 courses (5%) of 1 patient (2%). These data indicated that mesna was highly effective for urotoxicity of oxazaphosphorines without any side effects, especially in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Effects of mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate) in children with malignant disease receiving oxazaphosphorine chemotherapy]. 210 36

Studies were made on the appearance of second malignant tumors (SMT) in children followed in a pediatric hospital at metropolitan Santiago, Chile, between years 1968 and 1987. A retrospective analysis identified SMT in 7 of 430 patients who survived a childhood cancer (incidence 1.62%). An 8th patient was added, whose first neoplasm was treated in another hospital. The initial diagnosis in the affected children were medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease and, in two cases, acute lymphocytic leukemias. The age range was 6 months to 11 years. Treatment was done by surgery in 5/8, chemotherapy in 7/8 and radiotherapy in all patients. The latent period between the diagnosis of the first cancer and the diagnosis of the SMT was 3.5 to 12 years (median 8.5 years). Osteosarcomas were the most frequent SMT (5/8). The other SMT were a rhabdomyosarcoma, a non Hodgkin lymphoma and an astrocytoma. The majority of SMT were located in the area of prior radiotherapy (6/8). In the other two cases, one had an osteosarcoma, after a bilateral retinoblastoma, which grew outside the previously treated area, and the last one consisted of a lymphoma which was identified 9 years after an acute lymphocytic leukemia. Only 3/8 SMT patients are alive after 14.21 and 34 months follow up. The other children died between 11 and 20 months after diagnosis of SMT. Notwithstanding these kinds of outcome, benefits of therapy for patients with primary tumors greatly outweight the later risk of cancer induction in a small proportion of them.
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PMID:[Second cancer in pediatric patients]. 213 86


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