Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytologic and cytochemical examination of eighteen cases of round-cell sarcoma of bone allowed classification of these tumors into four cytologic groups. Additional cytochemical examinations based on the PAS and D-PAS reactions, and the demonstration of the activity of peroxidase, naphtol-ASD-Chloracetate esterase, alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, naphthol-AS-acetate esterase with and without sodium fluoride inhibition, acid and alkaline phosphatases yielded no evidence of uniform behavior among the individual groups or within any single group. The studies showed that a positive glycogen reaction cannot be used as a basic criterion for the classification of such tumors as Ewing's sarcoma and for regarding them as a uniform tumor group. It is possible that a pool of tumors is involved, including tumors of monocytic and probably of lymphocytic origin, reticulum-cell sarcoma, tumors of myelocytic and erythroplastic origin, stem-cell tumors, and endothelial-cell tumors. Histologic examination alone is not sufficient for the classification of round-cell sarcomas of bone, and it should be supplemented by cytologic and cytochemical or histochemical methods. Osteosarcomas (23 cases) and chondrosarcomas (8 cases) display cells which are characteristic for these tumors and which could be correlated with their benign counterparts, osteoblasts and chondroid cells. The histologically recognizable degree of malignancy of chondrosarcoma can be evaluated better with the cytologic than with the histologic technic. Indications of the possibilities of differential diagnosis based on the cytologic pictures of benign and malignant osteoplastic and chondroplastic tumors, giant-cell tumors and chordoma are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Cytologic and cytochemical behavior of primary malignant bone tumors. 18 69

Human bone marrow cells grown in liquid culture in the presence of conditioned medium from concanavalin A stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from mixed lymphocyte reactions, or from an osteogenic sarcoma tumor line gave rise to basophils which were maximal in number at 1-3 weeks. Basophils had a multilobed nucleus, contained large cytoplasmic granules of variable size which stained metachromatically with acid, but not neutral toluidine blue, were negative for chloroacetate esterase, and did not contain human mast cell tryptase. In long-term cultures, mast cells were detected after 5-6 weeks. Mast cells had cytoplasmic granules that stained with acid and neutral toluidine blue, were positive for chloroacetate esterase, and contained human mast cell tryptase. It, therefore, appears that in liquid cultures even in the absence of feeder layers, human bone marrow cell cultures can give rise initially to basophils, and then to mast cells.
 ...
PMID:Sequential appearance of basophils and mast cells from human bone marrow in long-term suspension culture. 169 24

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) developed spontaneously in subcutaneous tissue of the head of a 15-month-old male Fischer 344 rat. The tumor was serially transplanted into syngeneic rats up to the 45th generation and was designated MFH-MT. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that the original and serially transplanted tumors were composed of an admixture of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells arranged in a storiform pattern. Neoplastic cells gave positive reactions for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, alpha-1 antitrypsin and lysozyme. The tumors transplanted into the lungs and cutaneous tissue of the tail had a mixed histologic appearance of storiform, pleomorphic, myxoid and giant cell types. Moreover sclerosing hemangioma-like and osteosarcoma-like structures were also found. MFH-MT grew well in athymic nude mice showing neoplastic proliferation of pleomorphic cells strongly positive for alpha-1 antitrypsin. Development of MFH-MT was significantly retarded by the two antitumor drugs tested. The retarded tumors consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells and abundant collagenic fibers, whereas histiocytic cells decreased in number.
 ...
PMID:Morphologic characteristics of a transplantable tumor derived from a spontaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the rat. 254 24

Morphologic and functional characteristics were investigated on in vitro passaged cells (MT-P) derived from a rat transplantable malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH-MT). There were spindle, polygonal, and giant cell types in MT-P. Ultrastructurally, the polygonal and giant cells had the abundant cytoplasm with many lysosomes and processes, whereas the spindle cells possessed smooth cell surface and a small number of lysosomes in their cytoplasm. Immunorosette formation for Fc- and C3-surface receptors and phagocytic activity were demonstrated in 10-20% of MT-P. MT-P were positive for acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and alkaline phosphatase. Chromosomes counted in 100 MT-P ranged from 32 to 100 with two peaks of 64 and 76. Tumors induced in syngeneic rats by inoculating MT-P showed variable histologic patterns. They were composed partly of histiocytic cells arranged in a compact sheet. Fibroblastic cells often arranged in a storiform pattern or were supported by myxoid matrix. Osteosarcoma-like structures were occasionally found in the tumors. These results suggest that MFH-MT is heterogeneous, although some cells constituting the tumors have histiocytic markers.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of in vitro passaged cells derived from a rat transplantable malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 255 51

In osteoclastic giant cells of six different tumors of bones and joints (fibrous dysplasia, proliferating giant cell tumor, malignant giant cell tumor, osteosarcoma after chemotherapy, malignant synovioma and Ewing's sarcoma) activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, NADH-tetrazolium-oxidoreductase and, in three of them, of non-specific esterase are determined by enzyme histochemical methods. Quantitative microphotometry makes it possible to determine relative enzyme activities in the cut sections of giant cells of different sizes. Giant cells of the various tumors reveal similar trends: With an increase in cell size, mean extinctions of NADH-tetrazolium-oxidoreductase and non-specific esterase decrease. Mean extinctions of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increase in cells of medium size, whereas the large cells reveal in part low activities. An additional ultrastructural examination of the giant cells in the proliferating giant cell tumor as well as in the osteosarcoma shows morphological signs of degeneration in the large cells. Electron probe microanalysis of the proliferating giant cell tumor exhibits evidence of phagocytosis of Ca and/or Fe containing particles. The similar size dependent reaction pattern of enzymes in osteoclastic giant cells of different tumors favors the concept of a common histogenesis, i.e. a host reaction.
 ...
PMID:Size dependent enzyme activities of multinucleated (osteoclastic) giant cells in bone tumors. 303 7

Histochemical staining for three hydrolytic enzymes were performed in 35 bone tumours and 43 soft tissue tumours, malignant as well as benign. Osteosarcoma, intra-osseous as well as extra-osseous, revealed characteristic rich staining for alkaline phosphatase, no matter how dedifferentiated the tumour was. Haemangioendothelioma (and normal endothelium), too, showed strong reaction for alkaline phosphatase whereas haemangiopericytoma did not. Alkaline phosphatase furthermore was found in slight to moderate amounts in fibrous proliferations. All other tumours examined were negative. Acid phosphatase was found in almost every tumour investigated except Ewing sarcoma and chondromyxoid fibroma. However, high activity was characteristic of giant cell tumours and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The inhibition of acid phosphatase by tartrate was complete except in osteosarcoma and giant cell tumours, where only a partial inhibition was seen. There were non-specific esterase reactions in a variety of tumours, but very strong reactions were characteristic of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and giant cell tumours. The reaction could be completely inhibited by the addition of fluoride. In an era of increasing application of immunohistologic techniques in surgical pathology it might be of value to remember that simple enzyme histochemical stainings may provide helpful diagnostic features in the classification of bone and soft tissue tumours.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme histochemical investigations on bone and soft tissue tumours. 398 37

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on bone tumors. 629 58

A tumor cytostasis assay was developed that measured the effect of the immunomodulator muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on the in vitro cytostatic activity of canine plastic-adherent mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy Beagle donors and allowed to adhere to a 96-well microtiter plate. The adherent cell population was characterized by cell morphology, non-specific esterase staining, and flow microfluorometry to be approximately 42% monocytes, 49% lymphocytes, and 8% eosinophils. Canine plastic-adherent mononuclear cells spontaneously caused cytostasis of D-17 canine osteosarcoma target cell proliferation. The spontaneous cytostatic activity of adherent mononuclear cells was significantly augmented by exposure to MDP or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with maximal cytostatic activity being observed after combined exposure to MDP and LPS. Mononuclear cell cytostasis toward D-17 canine osteosarcoma and A375 human melanoma cells was enhanced (P < 0.05) when normal dogs were administered liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine, a lipophilic derivative of MDP, by intravenous injection.
 ...
PMID:Muramyl peptides augment the in vitro and in vivo cytostatic activity of canine plastic-adherent mononuclear cells against canine osteosarcoma cells. 780 54

Hydrogels are excellent drug delivery systems for the treatment of chronic wound infections. However, the problem of high burst release still remains a challenge that needs to be tackled. In terms of antibiotic release from the hydrogels, as the drug payload depletes it could act as a substrate for bacterial seeding which can create a life-threatening condition. Therefore, to provide the sustained effect of an antibiotic at the localized site via hydrogel matrix, we prepared a chitosan (CS) hydrogel system in which cefuroxime (CEF) is covalently conjugated with chitosan polymer via an ester linkage. To prepare the cefuroxime conjugated chitosan hydrogel, the formulations were optimized using different concentrations of cefuroxime, 0% (CS/CEF_0), 5% (CS/CEF_5), 10% (CS/CEF_10) and 20% (CS/CEF_20) w/w of chitosan. Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the conjugation of cefuroxime and chitosan. The drug release studies showed that the release of cefuroxime was higher in the phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) with esterase enzyme and alkaline medium (pH 10) compared to phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) alone. Hemolysis assay was performed to demonstrate the hemocompatibility of the prepared hydrogel samples. The cell viability study using the L929 fibroblast and MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines revealed that synthesized hydrogel is biocompatible. Furthermore, a potent antibacterial activity for the extended time period proved the biological efficacy of a hydrolyzed cefuroxime. Thus, CS/CEF_5, CS/CEF_10, and CS/CEF_20 hydrogels have a promising future in the treatment of chronic wound infections.
 ...
PMID:Cefuroxime conjugated chitosan hydrogel for treatment of wound infections. 3038 75