Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electron microscopic study of osteogenic sarcomas has revealed association of the product of the reaction for alkaline phosphatase with membranous structures. The structural and function polymorphism of osteogenic sarcoma cells is also shown.
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PMID:Localization of alkaline phosphatase in subcellular structures of human osteogenic sarcomas. 107 44

A method is described which has been successfully used to develop two human osteogenic sarcomas into established lines in culture. This method provides a means whereby cells growing from explanted tumor tissue can be immediately cloned and the fibroblastic (nonneoplastic) cells thus selected against. Both lines have been passaged for over 100 population doublings since cloning and have retained the ability to form colonies from single cells plated at low density without the use of feeder layers or conditioned medium. In culture, the osteogenic sarcoma cells are nonfibroblastic, pile up, and appear to retain a morphological similarity to the in vivo tumors from which they were derived. A karyotype of cells derived from one of the tumors containing a marker chromosome is also presented.
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PMID:A technique for developing established cell lines from human osteosarcomas. 107 45

In a series of experiments, mainly CBA/H, but also C2H/H, mice aged 3 months were injected intraperitoneally with solutions of 90Sr Cl2, the dose per mouse varying from 7 to 20 muCi, and compared with similar mice treated with 226Ra or 239Pu, discussed elsewhere. In male mice, the commonest tumour resulting at each dose of 90Sr was non-osteogenic (angio) sarcoma, a tumour not seen after 226Ra. In females, this tumour occurred far less frequently than osteosarcoma. In CBA mice of both sexes converted to radiation chimaeras (which are sterile) and similarly treated with 90Sr, the only skeletal tumours were osteosarcomas. When only half the body of CBA mice was X-irradiated with 1000 rad and the mice given 90Sr, non-osteogenic sarcoma occurred predominantly in those mice X-irradiated in the cephalic half. The results suggest that intact testes may provide co-factors for this type of neoplasm, whereas others have shown that oestrogens facilitate murine osteosarcoma. The non-osteogenic osteosarcomas arise from damaged stromal elements in bone-marrow of selected bones. The risk to this component of bone-marrow, as well as to haematopoietic tissue, should be considered in radiation protection.
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PMID:Vasoformative non-osteogenic (angio) sarcomas of bone-marrow stroma due to strontium-90. 108 47

Twenty-six patients with classic osteosarcoma were randomized to receive either transfer factor or combination chemotherapy. Eight of 14 patients who received transfer factor converted their skin test markers, evidence of activity of the transfer factor. Of these eight patients, all are alive; four are free of disease. Of the 18 patients who received combination chemotherapy, 14 are alive, 12 of whom are free of disease. The immunologic test procedures performed sequentially reveal that transfer factor appears to enhance cell-mediated immunity, but it is evident that in this study, a control (saline) arm in the protocol could not be included. It is of interest that the chemotherapy regimen used does not appear to suppress such activity permanently. The individual test results, however, are not very helpful for predicting response to treatment. The small numbers of patients and the short duration of this study, combined with the exclusion of parosteal osteogenic sarcomas and jaw tumors, do not permit a meaningful comparison with other published studies.
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PMID:Transfer factor versus combination chemotherapy: a preliminary report of a randomized postsurgical adjuvant treatment study in osteogenic sarcoma. 108 38

Tumor-associated antigen was found by reacting sera from two patients with giant cell tumor of bone with cells derived from their tumors, using autologous serum as intermediate reactant and fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-human IgG as final reactant. Approximately 40% of the plump, spindle-shaped cells that formed the background stroma of these tumors possessed the antigen; however, it was not present on giant cells. Fluorescence was much greater than that on similarly stained cells from 4 osteogenic sarcomas, suggesting that the antigenic density on cells from giant cell tumor was greater than that on cells from osteogenic sarcoma. Antibodies in sera from giant cell tumor patients and osteogenic sarcoma patients showed specific cross-reactivity. Stromal cells of giant cell tumors were established in culture and retained tumor-associated antigen, whereas giant cells failed to divide and detached from the flask within two weeks. Intensity of fluorescence (antigenic density) decreased with progressive passage levels, but a larger percentage of cells showed fluorescence. At the tenth passage, all cells bore tumor-associated antigen. Cultured cells that were injected s.c. into mice formed progressively growing nodules, the cells of which were morphologically indistinguishable from stromal cells of the original tumor; all cells retained tumor-associated antigen, but antigenic density had decreased to about one-seventh of the value found originally. No giant cells were present in the nodules.
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PMID:Quantitative immunofluorescence studies of the tumor antigen-bearing cell in giant cell tumor of bone and osteogenic sarcoma. 109 9

The osteogenic potential of the two human osteosarcoma cell lines HOS and KHOS; a cell line produced by the transformation of the HOS cells by the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, was studied in vitro. HOS cells cultured more than 2 weeks formed nodules composed of two morphologically distinct layers, an epithelial-like surface cell layer and a collagen-rich inner cell layer. Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity occurred in the plasma membrane of the surface cell layer, and calcified substances developing along collagen fibers were detected in the collagen-rich inner cell layer. The calcified substances were further examined by analytical electron microscopy and were shown to be hydroxyapatite crystals. In contrast, there was neither ALPase nor the deposition of a calcified substance in the KHOS cells.
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PMID:In vitro differentiation of the human osteosarcoma cell lines, HOS and KHOS. 135 21

Immunohistochemical staining techniques used on an 11-week-old fetus showed that fetal antigen 2 (FA2) was present intracellularly in endochondral and perichondral osteoblasts, and the immunoreaction was extended into the adjacent bone matrix. Osteoclasts and chondroblasts were found to be FA2 negative. A granular perinuclear intracytoplasmic FA2 immunoreaction was found in cultured osteoblasts and osteogenic osteosarcoma cells, and immunoelectron-microscopical examination revealed a granular immunoreaction product in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These findings indicate that FA2 is synthesized by osteoblasts and osteogenic osteosarcoma cells. A reaction of immunological identity was found between FA2 purified from second trimester amniotic fluid and serum-free supernatants of cultured osteogenic osteosarcoma cells. This shows that an antigen recognized by the anti FA2 antibody is secreted by these malignant cells. Thus, FA2 may represent a marker for altered bone metabolism, and have a potential in the classification of osteogenic osteosarcoma/chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:Fetal antigen 2 (FA2) in human fetal osteoblasts, cultured osteoblasts and osteogenic osteosarcoma cells. 141 76

Osteonectin (ON), a 32,000-kd glycoprotein involved in the early steps of mineralization of skeletal tissue, is a recognized differentiation marker of normal osteogenic cells. The expression of ON was evaluated in vitro and in tissue sections by the polyclonal antibody bON II. In different cell cultures immunocytochemistry and molecular biology displayed a nonspecific reaction for the antibody, which showed itself to be useless for the in vitro identification of cells of the osteoblastic lineage. The diagnostic use of bON II antibody was investigated by immunohistochemistry on a series of osteogenic and nonosteogenic bone tumors. A strongly positive stain of the entire neoplastic component of osteosarcoma and osteoblastoma and a weaker stain of the mononuclear component of giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma were observed. On the other hand, stains for chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and brown tumor from hyperparathyroidism were entirely negative. Our results indicate that ON may be helpful in the histologic diagnosis of bone tumors, particularly in differentiating small cell osteosarcoma from other small round cell tumors.
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PMID:Evaluation of osteonectin as a diagnostic marker of osteogenic bone tumors. 146 68

A transplantable ascites-forming osteosarcoma (J. H. 1-AOS) derived from the 35th generation of spontaneous osteosarcoma, J. H. 1-OS, grown in Fischer 344 syngeneic rats was established. Tumorigenicity, histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics were investigated. Rats carrying the ascites form osteosarcoma died of cachexia about 15 days after transplantation, 1.5-2.5 x 10(6) cells/ml of tumor cells generally being involved in the ascites and tumor nodules formed in the mesentery. After inoculation into the back subcutaneous space, tumor growth was very rapid. Small round cells were detected in the Giemsa stain smear, and although osteoid formation was histologically lacking, cell surface alkaline phosphatase activity was noted both light and electron microscopically. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase (Al-p) extracted from this tumor was consistent with Al-p from rat fetal calvaria. Thus maintenance of osteogenic potential is suggested for these ascites osteosarcoma cells, indicating their usefulness for further studies of biological behaviors of this tumor type.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of an ascites-forming rat osteosarcoma cell line]. 154 42

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent stimulator of bone formation. Whether this growth factor also induces bone resorption has not been studied in detail. We used two organ culture systems to examine the direct effect of IGF-I on bone resorption. Fetal mouse radii/ulnae, containing mature osteoclasts, showed no response to IGF-I, indicating that osteoclastic activity is not influenced by IGF-I. Fetal mouse metacarpals/metatarsals, containing just osteoclast precursors and progenitors, showed an increase in resorption in response to IGF-I, indicating that IGF-I stimulates the formulation of osteoclast precursors/progenitors and thereby increases the number of osteoclasts. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been hypothesized to be a mediator of bone resorptive agents such as parathyroid hormone (PTH). Both radii/ulnae and metacarpals/metatarsals reacted to IGF-I with an increase in IL-6 production. IL-6 production by UMR-106 osteogenic osteosarcoma cells was positively modulated by IGF-I, indicating that osteoblasts are likely to be the cells responsible for increased IL-6 production by the bones, and that IL-6 might be a mediatory of IGF-I-stimulated bone resorption.
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PMID:Osteoclast formation together with interleukin-6 production in mouse long bones is increased by insulin-like growth factor-I. 156 29


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