Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calcitonin had direct and dose-dependent actions on human osteoblast-line cells (in serum-free monolayer culture) to increase cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity/mg cell protein. Salmon calcitonin increased (human osteosarcoma) SaOS-2 cell proliferation, as evidenced by dose-dependent increases in 3[H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA (e.g., 153% of control after 20 h exposure at 0.1 nM, P less than 0.01), and MTT (thyzolyl blue) reduction/deposition (e.g., 161% of control after 72 h exposure at 0.03 nM). Continuous exposure was not required to elicit these proliferative responses. These effects were not unique to salmon calcitonin or to SaOS-2 cells. Similar effects were seen with human calcitonin (but not heat-inactivated human calcitonin) and with (human osteosarcoma) TE-85 cells and human osteoblast-line cells prepared from femoral heads. In addition to effects on cell proliferation, calcitonin also increased alkaline phosphatase-specific activity in SaOS-2 cells (e.g., 180% of control after 72 h of exposure to 0.1 nM salmon calcitonin, P less than .005).
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PMID:Calcitonin has direct effects on 3[H]-thymidine incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity in human osteoblast-line cells. 205 13

The plasminogen activator (PA) activity of clonal rat osteogenic sarcoma cell (phenotypically osteoblast) and of osteoblast-rich rat calvarial cells is shown to be increased by treatment with the bone-resorbing hormones, PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, prostaglandin E2, and epidermal growth factor. Dose-dependent increases were observed, after a lag period of 4 to 8 h. Stimulated and control PA activities were inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide but not by cytosine arabinoside. Glucocorticoid hormones prevented the hormone stimulation, but other steroids did not. Calcitonin had no effect either on basal or on hormone-treated PA activity. Isobutyl-methylxanthine alone increased PA activity and enhanced responsiveness to PTH and to prostaglandin E2. These data point to a common pathway in the actions upon osteoblasts of several hormones with diverse initial cellular actions and raise the possibility that the PA/plasmin system may contribute to cellular mechanisms of bone turnover.
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PMID:Regulation of plasminogen activator production by bone-resorbing hormones in normal and malignant osteoblasts. 258 69

We tested here the hypothesis that calcitonin and glucocorticoids, known to modulate bone metabolism, could have opposite actions on bone cells regulating expression of cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaBeta ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). In the U2OS osteosarcoma cell line, calcitonin (10(-11) to 10(-9) mol/L) reduced RANKL and augmented OPG both at the mRNA and protein levels. Cell incubation with prednisolone (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L), the glucocorticoid chosen for this study, produced opposite results. These molecular studies prompted more functional analyses whereby osteoclast bone resorptive activity was determined. Calcitonin (10(-10) mol/L) abrogated the stimulating effect of 10 ng/ml RANKL or 10(-9) mol/L prednisolone; similar results were obtained with OPG. Assessment of calcitonin and prednisolone effects in an in vivo model of rheumatoid arthritis revealed partially surprising results. In fact, calcitonin not only preserved bone morphology (as assessed on day 18) in rats subjected to arthritis and treated with prednisolone (0.8 to 4 mg/kg daily from day 13) but also synergized with the steroid to elicit its antiarthritic effects. These results suggest that calcitonin could be used as a novel cotreatment to augment efficacy and reduce side effects associated with the prolonged use of steroids.
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PMID:Calcitonin and prednisolone display antagonistic actions on bone and have synergistic effects in experimental arthritis. 1732 85

Adrenomedullin (ADM) was first isolated from pheochromocytoma tissue as a novel vasodilative peptide in 1993. ADM binds to two receptors on plasma membrane which are comprised of Calcitonin Receptor-Like Receptor (CRLR), a member of serpentine receptor superfamily, and Receptor Activity Modifying Protein (RAMP) type 2 or 3. ADM is known to have hypotensive activity. Recently, ADM has been shown to be an almost ubiquitous peptide, synthesized in many mammalian tissues. ADM has potent in vivo angiogenic activity and tumor growth promoting effect in animal models. Many human tumors express ADM. However, only little information exists regarding the expression or the role of ADM in bone and its effect in bone metabolism. It is still not clear whether ADM is involved in pathogenesis and development of osteosarcoma, the most common form of bone tumor. The purpose of this review is to examine the most salient features of adrenomedullin biology, its expression in tumors and its potential implication in the treatment of bone tumors.
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PMID:Adrenomedullin and its expression in cancers and bone. A literature review. 2051 77

Serum levels of sRANKL, RANK, OPG, IL-8, IL-6, IL-16, MMP-2, and calcitonin were measured by ELISA in patients with malignant, borderline, and benign bone tumors and in healthy individuals (control). Serum levels of RANK, OPG, IL-8, IL-6, and the OPG/sRANKL ratio were significantly higher, while the level of MMP-2 was significantly lower in patients with bone tumors than in controls. Serum concentration of IL-16 in osteosarcoma patients was significantly lower than in chondrosarcoma patients. No significant differences between bone sarcomas of different differentiation were detected for any of the studied markers. Calcitonin level depended on the tumor location and type.
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PMID:Components of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, MMP-2, and calcitonin in the sera of patients with bone tumors. 2511 97