Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitamin D, in addition to its effects on bone, is important in cell cycle regulation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been identified in breast, prostate, and colon cancers, as well as in canine and human osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines; however, it has not been well investigated in human OS-archived specimens. We correlated VDR, retinoid X receptor (RXR), and MIB-1 (Ki-67) expression in 110 archived OS cases with several clinicopathologic parameters including patient's age, sex, tumor location, tumor grade, and type and metastatic status. The expression of VDR and RXR was identified in human OS tissue obtained from primary and metastatic OS archival tissue. No statistically significant difference was found in VDR expression in relation with tumor grade, type, age, sex, or location. The expression of RXR was highest in higher-grade (P = .0006) and metastatic tumors but remained unchanged when correlated with tumor type, age, sex, or location. The expression of MIB-1 was statistically elevated in higher-grade tumors (P = .001), patients 25 years or younger (P = .04), tumors located in extremities (P = .005), and metastatic lesions, but was not impacted by tumor type or patient's sex. Proliferative activity was significantly reduced after treatment, as the mean MIB-1 expression dropped from 11% in primary biopsy samples to 6% in resection specimens. There appears to be a relationship between proliferative tumor activity and tumor grade, location, and metastasis. Additional studies on the analysis of the effects of vitamin D and RXR on OS proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation are critical to further evaluate their potential role in OS treatment.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic correlation of vitamin D receptor expression with retinoid X receptor and MIB-1 expression in primary and metastatic osteosarcoma. 2254 77

Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS) is a very rare low-grade malignant neoplasm that is often confused with a variety of benign fibro-osseous lesions. It rarely involves the small tubular bones of the feet. We present an unusual case of LGCOS arising in the third metatarsal bone of a 16-year-old boy. The radiographic appearance was suggestive of a benign lesion. An open biopsy was performed and the initial diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia. The patient underwent curettage of the lesion and packing of the bony defect with a synthetic bone substitute. Histologically, the curetted specimens consisted of spindle cells admixed with irregular bony trabeculae and osteoid. The spindle cells were fairly uniform with mild atypia, and cellularity varied from low to high. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were focally-positive for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and p53, but negative for murine double minute-2. The MIB-1 labeling index was 36.7% in the highest focus. Cytogenetic analysis exhibited the following clonal karyotypic abnormalities: 48,XY,del(6)(p11),add(8)(q24),add(12)(p11.2),+mar1,+mar-2. Spectral karyotyping demonstrated that marker chromosomes were composed mainly of chromosome 6. Metaphase-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis showed a high-level amplification of 6p12-p21 and gains of 8q21-q24, 10p15, 12q13-q15, and 16q23-q24. Based on these findings, the final diagnosis was revised to LGCOS and the patient was treated with an additional wide excision, followed by reconstruction with a free-vascularized osteocutaneous scapular flap. At 18 months of follow-up, the patient is well with no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Our case highlights the diagnostic difficulty of this tumor with limited tissue samples and the importance of immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetic analyses in ambiguous cases.
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PMID:Low-grade central osteosarcoma of the metatarsal bone: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis. 2322 47

A rare localization of primary osteosarcoma is presented. A woman aged 76 years was operated on for rapid growth of thyroid right lobe tumour. Histopathology showed anaplastic cancer with numerous foci of osseous metaplasia, negative with thyroglobulin, calcitonin, synaptophysin and chromogranin. A high proliferative activity of the tumour was observed (MIB-1 reaction) in the form of a positive reaction in approx. 40% of the tumour cell nuclei. The tumour stage was evaluated as pT4aNxMx according to the TNM scale. The reconsultation revealed negative staining with cytokeratin, and positive with vimentin, thereby confirming the mesenchymal origin of the tumour, with the final diagnosis being primary thyroid osteosarcoma. Taking into consideration the histopathological diagnosis, the extremely low radiation sensitivity of the tumour, the patient's age, the radical surgical treatment and persisting respiratory failure, radiotherapy was rejected in favour of further follow-up. The patient remains under oncological and endocrinological care.
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PMID:Primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid gland - a case report. 2378 71

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of the bone. Although new therapies continue to be reported, osteosarcoma-related morbidity and mortality remain high. Modern medicine has greatly increased knowledge of the physiopathology of this neoplasm. Novel targets for drug development may be identified through an understanding of the normal molecular processes that are deeply modified in pathological conditions. The aim of the present study is to investigate, by immunohistochemistry, the localisation of different growth factors and of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in order to determine whether these factors are involved in the transformation of osteogenic cells and in the development of human osteosarcoma. We observed a general positivity for NGF - TrKA - NT3 - TrKC - VEGF in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells and a strong expression for NT4 in the nuclear compartment. TGF-beta was strongly expressed in the extracellular matrix and vascular endothelium. BDNF and TrKB showed a strong immunolabeling in the extracellular matrix. Ki-67/MIB-1 was moderately expressed in the nucleus of neoplastic cells. We believe that these growth factors may be considered potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of osteosarcoma, although proof of this hypothesis requires further investigation.
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PMID:Growth factors, their receptor expression and markers for proliferation of endothelial and neoplastic cells in human osteosarcoma. 2406 59

Malignancy arising in fibrous dysplasia (FD) is rare. Approximately 100 cases have been reported so far, and osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy. We report a case of osteosarcoma in a 33-year-old Japanese man with monostotic FD of the right proximal femur from the age of 16 years. Histologically, relatively well-differentiated osteosarcoma was found in the FD lesion. Immunohistochemically, the FD was negative for p53 or MDM2, and the MIB-1 index was less than 1%, whereas the osteosarcoma was positive for both p53 and MDM2, and the MIB-1 index was up to 15%. The FD and osteosarcoma were negative for CDK4. Fluorescent in situ hybridization assay showed no amplification of the MDM2 gene, indicating that the osteosarcoma was a conventional osteosarcoma, not an intraosseous well-differentiated type. The original cell of malignancy in FD is unclear. Malignancy can be potentially derived from dysplastic cells in the area of the FD or cells in the adjacent normal tissues. GNAS gene mutation has recently been reported for fibrous dysplasia and the mutation is highly specific to fibrous dysplasia among fibro-osseous lesions including osteosarcoma. In this case, point mutations of GNAS were found in the FD and osteosarcoma but not in the adjacent normal tissues, suggesting that osteosarcoma was derived from the spindle cells of FD. This is the first report to clearly show that osteosarcoma is derived from the spindle cells in fibrous dysplasia (FD).
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PMID:Osteosarcoma arising in fibrous dysplasia, confirmed by mutational analysis of GNAS gene. 2926 50


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