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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Body weight and lean body mass are different reflections of the nutritional status of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, the relation between lean body mass and body weight during cytostatic treatment was investigated in 3 groups of newly-diagnosed children and young adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia, osteosarcoma, or a small round cell sarcoma. Body weight and lean body mass were determined before and after an initial period of cytostatic treatment. Lean body mass was derived from total body water volume, which was assessed by deuterium oxide dilution. A significant dissociation between body weight and lean body mass was observed in leukemia patients (n = 8, P = 0.008, paired t-test), and in osteosarcoma patients (n = 13, P = 0.001). No dissociation was found in patients with a small round cell sarcoma (n = 8, P = 0.839). We conclude that during cancer chemotherapy periodic assessment of body weight may give a false picture of the preservation of lean body mass. Considering the course of body weight alone may prevent the establishment of a timely diagnosis of malnutrition, which is mandatory for optimal supportive care.
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PMID:Dissociation of body weight and lean body mass during cancer chemotherapy. 347 60

Prostatic cancer is frequently associated with new bone formation although the tumor-derived factors responsible for changes in bone cell function have not been identified. We have examined the synthesis of osteoblast-stimulating factors in a cultured human prostatic cancer cell line (PC-3) and show that conditioned medium from PC-3 cells stimulate mitogenesis and alkaline phosphatase in cells with the osteoblast phenotype (cultured rat osteosarcoma cells) and collagen synthesis in fetal rat calvaria. In order to characterize tumor-derived gene products which stimulate cells of the osteoblast phenotype messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from PC-3 cells and microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. mRNA-directed translation products which were secreted into the oocyte medium were collected and assayed for a number of osteoblast stimulating properties. Translation products from PC-3 mRNA-injected oocytes stimulated division of cultured osteosarcoma cells by 8-fold and increased DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into these cells. In addition, tumor-derived translation products stimulated the production of alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme for bone formation, in cultured osteosarcoma cells. Oocytes injected either with water or with mRNA from a tumor not associated with bone formation were devoid of these activities. Total mRNA from the human prostatic cancer cells was then denatured and fractionated by size by agarose gel electrophoresis. When individual fractions of mRNA were eluted from the gel, translated in Xenopus oocytes, and the secreted translation products were tested for alkaline phosphatase-stimulating activity on osteoblast-like cells, the majority of the activity could be recovered in a mRNA fraction which was approximately 1800 bases in length. These results indicate that the PC-3 prostatic cancer cell line synthesizes a mRNA of approximately 1800 bases which codes for a heretofore unrecognized osteoblast-stimulating factor.
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PMID:Identification of a messenger ribonucleic acid fraction in human prostatic cancer cells coding for a novel osteoblast-stimulating factor. 386 13

A new technique was applied to the study of human osteosarcoma. Ten slices of 10 micron were cut serially from 2 X 2 X 6 mm shock frozen blocks of human osteosarcoma for chemical analysis. Before and after each series of 10 slices, one slice of 10 micron was separated for morphological analysis. Four different types of osteosarcoma were investigated: Case 1 was an atypical osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma, case 3 a well-differentiated parosteal osteosarcoma grade I, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities were analysed as well as matrix collagen and hexosamine, phosphorus (Pi and Po), protein, DNA, and water content. In accordance with the morphology, the obtained data illustrate the great heterogeneity of osteosarcomas. Although case 1, 2 and 3 all represent calcifying types of the tumor, characteristic differences exist with regard to the matrix and the degree of calcification. In contrast to these three, case 4 presents a noncalcified type of osteosarcoma whose matrix contains relatively high amounts of hexosamine and low amounts of collagen, whereas DNA and water contents are high. The data from the analysis of osteosarcoma were compared with previous results from the calf epiphyseal growth plate in order to define differences and similarities between the formation of tumor bone and the physiological formation of hard tissue.
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PMID:Biological characterization of human bone tumors. IV. Combined biochemical and histological analyses of different osteosarcomas. 386 64

Human osteosarcoma specimens were sliced in a cryomicrotome under strict morphological guidance. Serial sections of ten 10 micron slices each were collected in two groups according to morphologic criteria, one containing mostly undifferentiated tumor tissue, the other predominantly well-differentiated tumor tissue. The two series were analysed chemically for alkaline phosphatase (APase) acid phosphatase (acPase), beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities; protein, phosphorus, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, water and collagen contents were also determined. Four different types of osteosarcoma were studied: case 1 was a highly malignant osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma case 3 a well-differentiated osteosarcoma, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. The types of cases 1, 2 and 3 are known as osteoid-forming tumors. In their less well differentiated areas APase activity was about twice as high as in better differentiated osteosarcoma. In contrast, no APase was found in the wholly undifferentiated areas of case 4, while the enzyme showed a marked increase in the areas of incipient differentiation of this tumor. The matrix of tumors differs with regard to collagen and hexosamine contents, in accordance with the general state of differentiation. In general, increasing hexosamine contents together with decreasing hydroxyproline contents will reflect the anaplastic, dedifferentiated osteosarcoma. Calcification evident in the better differentiated areas of osteosarcoma is indicated by the phosphorus content, highest in case 2, with cases 3, 1, and 4 following in sequential order.
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PMID:Biological characterization of human bone tumors. V. Zonal characterization of osteosarcoma: topological biochemical analysis correlated with morphology. 390 6

Morbidity rates for osteogenic sarcoma in the Armenian SSR within 10 years (1970-1979) were studied. The climatic, geographic and geochemical peculiarities of low and high morbidity rate regions of the Republic were compared. The rates were high in areas where the soil is rich in boron and poor in silicon, cobalt and zinc and where, as a rule, calcium level in irrigating and drinking water is high.
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PMID:[Analytical epidemiology of osteogenic sarcoma in the Armenian SSR]. 622 25

The computed tomographic (CT) scans and medical records of 35 patients with proven benign soft-tissue masses of the extremities were reviewed to assess the contribution of CT in the evaluation of such masses. CT demonstrated the mass in all 35 cases and was able to provide a specific diagnosis in 28 (80%); 25 prospectively, three retrospectively. Correct diagnoses made using CT included hematomas (five), synovial cysts (seven), myositis ossificans (six), fatty tumors (four), aneurysms (three), pseudoaneurysms (two), schwannoma (one), and abscess (one). The CT appearance of a hematoma depends on its age. Synovial cysts are near-water-density masses, often associated with a small joint effusion. Myositis ossificans can be differentiated from parosteal osteosarcoma by virtue of its characteristic zonal ossification. Lipomas are recognized on noncontrast scans by the characteristic low attenuation of fat, while aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are best diagnosed on postcontrast scans. In seven cases (20%) a specific diagnosis could not be made on the basis of the CT scan. However, in these cases CT delineated the extent of the mass and demonstrated its relation to surrounding structures; this anatomic information was helpful in planning surgical excision or percutaneous biopsy. The authors conclude that CT is a valuable noninvasive imaging method for the evaluation of soft-tissue masses of the extremities.
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PMID:CT of benign soft-tissue masses of the extremities. 660 49

The relaxation times of water protons were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method in two kinds of experimental malignant bone tumors, intramedullary transplanted VX2 carcinoma and Gardner osteosarcoma 519. The relaxation times for malignant tumor tissues were significantly elevated than those for normal bone tissues. Bone marrow sample, where VX2 carcinoma was transplanted 1 week before and included only a few scattered malignant tumor cells, showed the elevation in the relaxation times compared with that of normal bone marrow. In addition, analyses of the electrolytes and the water content of each tissue suggest that the elevation of the relaxation times is not necessarily attributable to the factor of the water content.
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PMID:Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on experimental malignant bone tumors. 674 4

The osteogenic factor from murine osteosarcoma was soluble in 4M guanidine-HCl. The precipitate that appeared after dialysis of the guanidine solution against deionized water showed a higher osteogenetic activity than did the initial dry powder of tumor tissue. Electron-microscopically, this bone-inducing fraction seems to be homogenous. Neither a fibrous nor collagenous cross-banded structure was observed in the fraction. Since the chemical analysis of the fraction also showed a relatively low content of hydroxyproline, the osteogenic factor is probably not collagen.
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PMID:Solubilization and concentration of a bone-inducing substance from a murine osteosarcoma. 676 29

A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) fraction obtained from the organic matrix of dentin is extractable from human osteosarcoma. A fresh en-bloc specimen excised from the femur of a 16-year-old boy was extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride. The GuHCl-soluble, water-insoluble protein fraction induced new bone formation when implanted into the thigh muscles of athymic nude mice.
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PMID:Human osteosarcoma-derived soluble bone morphogenetic protein. 693 75

Proxy exposure measures and readily available data from the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System were used to contrast 167 osteosarcoma cases with 989 frequency-matched cancer referents reported during 1979-1989. Differences in potential exposure to water-borne radiation and fluoridated drinking water, population size for the listed place of residence, and seasonality were assessed. An association was found between osteosarcoma and residence in a population of less than 9,000 (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.4). In addition, an association between month of birth (May through July versus other months of birth) and osteosarcoma among individuals who were less than 25 y of age (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.4). Overall, no association was found between potential exposure to fluoridated drinking water and osteosarcoma (odds ratio = 1.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.6-1.5). The association between osteosarcoma and water-borne radiation was weak and was not significant statistically (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.8-2.8).
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PMID:Osteosarcoma, seasonality, and environmental factors in Wisconsin, 1979-1989. 761 57


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