Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in cancer development and progression. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-340 in the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS). Our results showed that miR-340 was frequently downregulated in OS tumors and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-340 in OS cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. ROCK1 was identified as a target of miR-340, and ectopic expression of miR-340 downregulated ROCK1 by direct binding to its 3' untranslated region. siRNA-mediated silencing of ROCK1 phenocopied the effects of miR-340 overexpression, whereas restoration of ROCK1 in miR-340-overexpressing OS cells reversed the suppressive effects of miR-340. Together, these findings indicate that miR-340 acts as a tumor suppressor and its downregulation in tumor tissues may contribute to the progression and metastasis of OS through a mechanism involving ROCK1, suggesting miR-340 as a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.
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PMID:MicroRNA-340 suppresses osteosarcoma tumor growth and metastasis by directly targeting ROCK1. 2387 51

Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in multiple processes in cancer development and progression. Recently, miR-335 has been identified as a tumor-suppressing microRNA in many human cancers. However, the specific function of miR-335 in osteosarcoma is unclear at this point. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-335 in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines was much lower than that in normal control, respectively, and the downregulated miR-335 was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis. Transfection of miR-335 mimics could significantly inhibit the cell migration and invasion in MG-63 and U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines. Moreover, we also showed that ROCK1 was negatively regulated by miR-335 at the posttranscriptional level, via a specific target site within the 3'UTR by luciferase reporter assay. The expression of ROCK1 was inversely correlated with miR-335 expression in osteosarcoma tissues, and knockdown of ROCK1 by siRNA-inhibited osteosarcoma cells migration and invasion resembling that of miR-335 overexpression. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-335 acts as tumor suppressor by targeting the ROCK1 gene and inhibiting osteosarcoma cells migration and invasion. The findings of this study contribute to current understanding of the functions of miR-335 in osteosarcoma.
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PMID:miR-335 suppresses migration and invasion by targeting ROCK1 in osteosarcoma cells. 2397 6

To investigate the association of combined microRNA-340 (miR-340) and ROCK1 mRNA profiling with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to detect expression levels of miR-340 and ROCK1 mRNA in cancerous and noncancerous bone tissues from 92 children treated for primary osteosarcomas. Compared with noncancerous bone tissues, the expression levels of miR-340 and ROCK1 mRNA were, respectively, downregulated and upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues (both p < 0.001), which was consistent with the results of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis. The downregulation of miR-340 was negatively correlated with the upregulation of ROCK1 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues (r = -0.78, p = 0.001). In addition, the combined miR-340 downregulation and ROCK1 upregulation (miR-340-low/ROCK1-high) occurred more frequently in osteosarcoma tissues with positive metastasis (p < 0.001) and poor response to pre-operative chemotherapy (p = 0.002). Moreover, miR-340-low/ROCK1-high expression was significantly associated with both shortest overall survival (p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis further confirmed that miR-340-low/ROCK1-high expression was an independent prognostic factor of unfavorable survival in pediatric osteosarcoma (for overall survival: p = 0.006, for progression-free survival: p = 0.008). Our data offer convincing evidence, for the first time, that the combined miR-340 downregulation and ROCK1 upregulation may be linked to tumor progression and adverse prognosis in pediatric osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Combined microRNA-340 and ROCK1 mRNA profiling predicts tumor progression and prognosis in pediatric osteosarcoma. 2439 81

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control cell cycle progression by targeting the transcripts encoding for cyclins, CDKs and CDK inhibitors, such as p27(KIP1) (p27). p27 expression is controlled by multiple transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, including translational inhibition by miR-221/222 and posttranslational regulation by the SCF(SKP2) complex. The oncosuppressor activity of miR-340 has been recently characterized in breast, colorectal and osteosarcoma tumor cells. However, the mechanisms underlying miR-340-induced cell growth arrest have not been elucidated. Here, we describe miR-340 as a novel tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Starting from the observation that the growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of miR-340 correlate with the accumulation of p27 in lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cells, we have analyzed the functional relationship between miR-340 and p27 expression. miR-340 targets three key negative regulators of p27. The miR-340-mediated inhibition of both Pumilio family RNA-binding proteins (PUM1 and PUM2), required for the miR-221/222 interaction with the p27 3'-UTR, antagonizes the miRNA-dependent downregulation of p27. At the same time, miR-340 induces the stabilization of p27 by targeting SKP2, the key posttranslational regulator of p27. Therefore, miR-340 controls p27 at both translational and posttranslational levels. Accordingly, the inhibition of either PUM1 or SKP2 partially recapitulates the miR-340 effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition to the effect on tumor cell proliferation, miR-340 also inhibits intercellular adhesion and motility in lung cancer cells. These changes correlate with the miR-340-mediated inhibition of previously validated (MET and ROCK1) and potentially novel (RHOA and CDH1) miR-340 target transcripts. Finally, we show that in a small cohort of NSCLC patients (n=23), representative of all four stages of lung cancer, miR-340 expression inversely correlates with clinical staging, thus suggesting that miR-340 downregulation contributes to the disease progression.
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PMID:miR-340 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting multiple negative regulators of p27 in non-small cell lung cancer. 2515 66

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary tumor of bone. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that are strongly implicated in cancerous processes. However, our current understanding of the biological role of miRNAs in OS remains incomplete. In the present study, miR-144 was markedly downregulated in OS cell lines and clinical specimens. Low-level expression of miR-144 was significantly associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-144 suppresses tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, we identified Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) as direct targets for miR-144 binding, resulting in suppression of their expression. Exogenous expression of ROCK1 or ROCK2 in 143B-miR-144 cells partially restored miR-144-inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In clinical OS specimens, ROCK1 and ROCK2 levels were elevated, relative to that in paired normal bone tissues, and inversely correlated with miR-144 expression. Taken together, miR-144 suppresses OS progression by directly downregulating ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression, and may be a promising therapeutic target for OS.
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PMID:MicroRNA-144 suppresses osteosarcoma growth and metastasis by targeting ROCK1 and ROCK2. 2591 4

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary sarcoma of bone and occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults. The prognosis of OS remains poor, and most of them will die due to local relapse or metastases. The discovery of microRNAs provides a new possibility for the early diagnosis and treatment of OS. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the expression and functions of microRNA-198 (miR-198) in osteosarcoma. The expression levels of miR-198 were determined by qRT-PCR in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation assays, migration and invasion assays were adopted to investigate the effects of miR-198 on tumorous behaviors of osteosarcoma cells. The results showed that miR-198 expression levels were lower in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. In addition, low miR-198 expression levels were correlated with TNM stage and distant metastasis. After miR-198 mimics transfection, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly suppressed in the osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, ROCK1 was identified as a novel direct target of miR-198 in osteosarcoma. These findings suggested that miR-198 may act not only as a novel prognostic marker, but also as a potential target for molecular therapy of osteosarcoma.
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PMID:MicroRNA-198 inhibited tumorous behaviors of human osteosarcoma through directly targeting ROCK1. 2697 Mar 2

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved RNAs regulating specific target genes in posttranscriptional levels. They have been involved in multiple processes of tumor progression, including cell proliferation. miR-214-5p (also miR-214*) is a newly identified miRNA, and its functions are largely unknown. In this study, we explore the role of miR-214-5p in the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma (OS) cells. The results showed that miR-214-5p was sharply reduced in OS tissues and cell lines, compared with normal tissues and cell lines. In addition, the miR-214-5p mimic greatly increased the miR-214-5p level and significantly decreased the proliferation and invasion of HOS and G293 OS cells. In contrast, the miR-214-5p inhibitor had a completely opposite effect on the miR-214-5p level, cell proliferation, and cell invasion. Moreover, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-1908 targeted the mRNA 3'-UTR region of ROCK1, a characterized tumor promoter in OS. In conclusion, miR-214-5p was identified as a new tumor suppressor, which directly targeted ROCK1 and suppressed proliferation of human OS cells.
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PMID:miR-214-5p Targets ROCK1 and Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion of Human Osteosarcoma Cells. 2808 35

Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor in adolescents, with high degree of malignancy, and highly incidence of recurrence and metastasis. Our study aimed to explore the role of miR-101 in osteosarcoma cells by targeting ROCK1. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction data revealed that miR-101 was down-regulated in the tissue samples of 20 patients with osteosarcoma compared with their matched adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.01). Furthermore, miR-101 was significantly down-regulated in three common OS cell lines, MG63, U2OS, and OS732 compared with the human osteoblast cell line, hFOB1.19 (P < 0.01). MiR-101 was shown to target the ROCK1 3'-UTR in dual-luciferase reporter assays in MG63 cells. Overexpression of miR-101 significantly suppressed the protein expression levels of ROCK1, while knockdown of miR-101 significantly enhanced the formers' expression levels in MG63 cells (P < 0.05). Overexpression of miR-101 inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion while promoted apoptosis. Independent inhibition of ROCK1 and knockdown of miR-101 expression levels significantly promoted MG63 cell proliferation, migration and invasion while inhibited apoptosis (P < 0.01). Moreover, knockdown of ROCK1 reversed the promotion effect of miR-101 knockdown on proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoted apoptosis of MG63 cells, suggesting that miR-101 acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma cells via targeting ROCK1. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-101 inhibited tumor growth and motion by inactivating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways via downregulation of ROCK1. To conclude, miR-101/ROCK1 may be a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma therapy.
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PMID:MicroRNA-101 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells by targeting ROCK1. 2812 50

GTPase RhoA and its downstream Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) are frequently overexpressed in human cancers. Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway blocks angiogenesis mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor, which led us to investigate the role of this pathway in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) - a process by which aggressive cancer cells form vessel-like structures that provide adequate blood supply for tumor growth. We showed that the expression of RhoA and its effector kinases ROCK1/2 was much higher in human osteosarcoma (OS) tissues and the human OS cell line U2OS than in nontumorous tissues and cell line hFOB 1.19 using western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway by the pharmacological inhibitor fasudil reduced vascular-like channels of U2OS cells in Matrigel. Furthermore, we used rhodamine-phalloidin immunofluorescence, wound healing assay, and transwell migration assay to examine the effect of fasudil on tumor cell plasticity and motility, both of which play key roles in VM formation. Finally, we explored the underlying mechanisms of fasudil-induced VM destruction. In this context, we showed that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is a novel regulator in VM of U2OS OS cells and suggest that fasudil in conjunction with established treatments may present a novel therapeutic strategy for OS.
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PMID:RhoA/ROCK pathway inhibition by fasudil suppresses the vasculogenic mimicry of U2OS osteosarcoma cells in vitro. 2822 57

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been strongly associated with various types of cancer. this study was to explore the critical role of lncRNA HOXA11-AS in osteosarcoma (OS) progression. Briefly, we should that the expression of HOXA11-AS was upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines. The high expression of HOXA11-AS was associated with advanced clinical stage, distant metastasis and poor overall survival of OS. In addition, We found that HOXA11-AS silencing suppressed OS cells proliferation, invasion and induced cell arrest in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, our data showed that HOXA11-AS acts as an endogenous sponge by directly binding miR-124-3p, and decreasing the expression of miR-124-3p. Moreover, we found that HOXA11-AS may regulate tumor progression by affecting miR-124-3p targets, and ROCK1 expression. To conclude, our study helps to elucidate the effectiveness of HOXA11-AS promotion on OS cell proliferation and metastasis. A better understanding of interaction mechanism between HOXA11-AS-miR-124-3p-ROCK1 signaling axis may be a step forward in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OS.
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PMID:Long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate ROCK1 expression by sponging miR-124-3p in osteosarcoma. 2855 57


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