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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various agents have caused osteosarcoma in several experimental animal systems. These agents or initiators may be classified as chemicals, radiation, viruses, and miscellaneous. Zinc beryllium silicate with beryllium oxide in rabbits and FBJ virus in mice are two such initiating agents. The relevance of these animal experiments to the human situation is not known, but recent reports regarding a transmissible agent obtained from human osteosarcoma tissue suggest that a virus may be implicated. There is a theoretic indication that the various etiologic agents, including viruses, may affect the DNA of normal cells in such a way that further evolution and differentiation through several cell divisions may result in the clinical appearance of cancer.
Clin Orthop Relat Res 1975 Sep
PMID:The etiology of osteosarcoma. A review of current considerations. 5 Aug 94

Sections were taken from the center, midzone, and margin of four human osteogenic sarcomas and one fibrosarcoma. Single-cell suspensions of tumors were examined in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with autologous or homologous anti-osteogenic sarcoma antisera as the intermediate reactant and fluorescein-labeled anti-human IgG as the final reactant. Cells were stained under conditions in which the fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to the density of the tumor-associated antigen on these cells. The density of tumor-associated antigen on cells from the center of the five tumor masses was low; cells from the midzone had intermediate levels of tumor antigen density, and cells at the margin had the highest levels. Similar preparations stained with polyspecific anti-HLA antisera did not demonstrate such a gradient. Since osteogenic sarcomas grow outward from the center, with the outer margin populated by the youngest cells, these results suggest that the oldest cells in the tumor bear the least tumor antigen, and the youngest tumor cells have the most. This is not compatible with theories which postulate that the immune system modulates the growth of a tumor so that only the least antigenic cells are allowed to grow. Alternative mechanisms are discussed.
Cancer Res 1977 Sep
PMID:Antigenic differences among osteogenic sarcoma tumor cells taken from different locations in human tumors. 6 91

Twenty-four cases of primary osteosarcoma in individuals over the age of 50 are described. This represents 6% of all osteosarcomas and 80% of osteosarcomas occurring over the age of 50 at this institution. Radiographically, features were similar to osteosarcoma in younger individuals. Females were more frequently affected than males (2.4:1). The radiographic features are discussed in detail, and the differential diagnosis outlined.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1978 Sep
PMID:Osteogenic sarcoma after the age of 50: a radiographic evaluation. 9 94

Most cases of primary malignant tumors of bone occur in children and adolescents. There are several types to be classified according to clinical and radiological findings and histologic diagnosis Ewing's sarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma; chondrosarcoma, malignant tumor of cartilage, is also classified in this group of tumors. Incidence, age-and-sex-distribution clinical presentation, and diagnostic procedures are reported for the different types of tumors, with special reference to primary localization in the skull. Different therapeutic modalities are discussed. Cure rates in these highly malignant tumors are still low, but evidently improving.
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg) 1975 Sep
PMID:[Primary sarcomas of the skull in children (author's transl)]. 12 53

Osteosarcoma of bone is a tumor composed of malignant cells that produce osteoid. Some tumors show predominant chondroid or fibromatoid ground substance. All, however, are highly malignant and about 80 per cent produce death with metastases. The roentgenogram affords important evidence for the correct diagnosis of many of them. Differential diagnosis should include consideration of those sarcomas with many benign giant cells and the group of "telangiectatic" osteosarcomas that may contain only small diagnostic areas. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is now considered as a possible diagnosis for some malignant bone tumors, but the exact criteria for the diagnosis of this condition are still somewhat obscure. Newer modalities of adjunctive treatment, such as resection of pulmonary metastases, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, give promise of improving the prognosis for osteosarcoma.
Clin Orthop Relat Res 1975 Sep
PMID:Pathology of osteosarcoma. 16 99

The transformed cells that arise from among the hamster epithelial and mesenchymal cells exposed to SV40 in vitro are, as a rule, fibroblastoid and pleomorphic rather than epithelioid. Moreover, the neoplasms that these transformed cells induce in the allogeneic host are spindle cell sarcomas and pleomorphic sarcomas rather than carcinomas. Since this phenomenon may result from cellular dedifferentiation in culture, to the extent that the anaplastic morphology and lack of specialized function can no longer suggest the cell or origin, we investigated the fate of the differentiated state of cells of three types of SV40-induced hamster tumors before and after serial passage in vitro. The tumors evaluated were three reticulum cell sarcomas, three osteogenic sarcomas, and two lymphosarcomas of B-cell origin. Our data demonstrate that reticulum cell sarcoma cells lose their morphological differentiation soon after the original tumors are dissociated into cell suspensions but preserve their phagocytic activity throughout their in vitro passage. Osteogenic sarcoma cells lose their differentiated phenotype and their capacity to form osteoid during but not before their serial passage in culture. Lymphosarcoma cells preserve their lymphoid morphology and their ability to produce immunoglobulin even after many in vitro passages. These results indicate that, in many types of SV40-induced tumors, neoplastic cell dedifferentiation, following serial passage in culture, is responsible to a great extent for the emergence of new cell phenotypes lacking in morphological and functional features characteristic of the cells originally transformed by SV40.
Cancer Res 1976 Sep
PMID:Loss or persistence of the differentiated state of simian virus 40-induced hamster tumor cells before and after serial passage in culture. 18 42

BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus, was inoculated iv into 3-week-old Syrian golden hamsters. Between 2 1/2 and 9 months after inoculation, 82% of the animals developed tumors. The induced neoplasms were ependymoma, carcinoma of the pancreatic islets, osteosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, angioma, lymphoma, and seminoma. Hypersecretion of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and calcitonin was detected in tumors of pancreatic islets. BKV etiology of tumors was supported by the following evidence: 1) No tumors with BKV-specific markers appeared in animals given injections of buffer, animals inoculated with BKV neutralized by anti-BKV-specific serum, or uninoculated controls; 2) BKV tumor (T) antigen was detected by immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests in tumors of animals inoculated with infectious BKV and in transplanted tumors; 3) antibodies to BKV T-antigen were detected in sera of animals bearing primary or transplanted tumors; 4) BKV could be activated by Sendai virus-mediated fusion of neoplastic cells with susceptible Vero cells; and 5) no endogenous hamster oncornaviruses were found in tumors.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Sep
PMID:Ependymomas, malignant tumors of pancreatic islets, and osteosarcomas induced in hamsters by BK virus, a human papovavirus. 21 Dec 43

Detailed analysis of the roentgen findings in 30 well-documented cases of parosteal osteogenic sarcoma (POS) was made. The supposedly characteristic periosteal lucency (cleavage plane) was found in only 30% of the patients. While most tumors were densely ossified, the radiodensity was uniform in only 27%. The surface of the tumor was usually irregular and a truly smooth surface was seen in only 24%. Four patients underwent arteriography; there was vessel displacement by the tumors but all were avascular. No correlation between the histologic grade of tumor and roentgen signs was found.
J Can Assoc Radiol 1978 Sep
PMID:Parosteal (juxtacortical) osteogenic sarcoma. A roentgenological study of 30 patients. 27 41

Great progress has been made both in the treatment of metastatic sarcomas and in adjuvant treatment of Ewing's, rhabdomyo- and osteogenic sarcomas. This is due partly to new and more effective cytostatic drugs and combinations, but to a greater extent to an improved systematic multimodal approach. In patients with metastatic sarcoma, better and longer remissions can be achieved, whereas real cures are possible in Ewing's, rhabdomyo- and osteosarcoma if properly managed using an interdisciplinary approach. Patients with these rare malignancies should be referred to specialized cancer centers, in view of the problems and possible complications of their necessarily intensive therapy.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1978 Sep 02
PMID:[Bone and soft tissue sarcomas]. 27 26

Interferon was used to treat C57BL/6 female mice inoculated with a continuous line of murine osteogenic sarcoma cells. A short 7-day course of 30,000--60,000 U/day of tpe I interferon either completely inhibited or delayed the appearance of tumors in experimental animals. The therapeutic efficacy of type I interferon was compared with murine serum that contained type II interferon as well as other lymphokine activity. Tumor development was strikingly inhibited in animals treated for 7 days with serum containing only 600 U of type II interferon. Inhibition of tumor development was thus achieved with 100-fold less interferon than that required with type I preparation.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Sep
PMID:Inhibition of murine osteogenic sarcomas by treatment with type I or type II interferon. 27 65


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