Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A human osteosarcoma cell line was established from a biopsy specimen from a 13-year-old girl. The osteosarcoma tissue was maintained in athymic nude mice (Balb C nu/nu) by serial transplantation for three years. The tumor was excised from a host mouse and digested with collagenase. The isolated cells were cultured by 98 passages in 14 months, and clones of osteosarcoma cells were obtained by limiting dilution. A clone named human osteosarcoma cell 6 (H-OS-6) that showed the osteoblastic phenotypes of productions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and alkaline phosphatase and a response to human parathyroid hormone (h-PTH 1-34) was selected. The morphology of its chromosomes indicated its human origin. This human osteosarcoma cell line is unique in producing BMP under in vitro conditions.
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PMID:Establishment of a cell line producing bone morphogenetic protein from a human osteosarcoma. 254 99

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) developed spontaneously in subcutaneous tissue of the head of a 15-month-old male Fischer 344 rat. The tumor was serially transplanted into syngeneic rats up to the 45th generation and was designated MFH-MT. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that the original and serially transplanted tumors were composed of an admixture of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells arranged in a storiform pattern. Neoplastic cells gave positive reactions for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, alpha-1 antitrypsin and lysozyme. The tumors transplanted into the lungs and cutaneous tissue of the tail had a mixed histologic appearance of storiform, pleomorphic, myxoid and giant cell types. Moreover sclerosing hemangioma-like and osteosarcoma-like structures were also found. MFH-MT grew well in athymic nude mice showing neoplastic proliferation of pleomorphic cells strongly positive for alpha-1 antitrypsin. Development of MFH-MT was significantly retarded by the two antitumor drugs tested. The retarded tumors consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells and abundant collagenic fibers, whereas histiocytic cells decreased in number.
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PMID:Morphologic characteristics of a transplantable tumor derived from a spontaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the rat. 254 24

A clonal cell line, BFO-6, was established in culture from a Dunn osteosarcoma cell line (BFO) and characterized on the basis of bone-inducing activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, PTH sensitive cAMP production and tumorigenicity. Lyophilized pellets of devitalized cells, when implanted into the back muscles of allogenic host mice, consistently elicited heterotopic bone formation at 3 weeks postimplantation. BFO-6 cells were found to be rich in alkaline phosphatase activity and showed a significant response to h-PTH stimulation. The doubling time in the logarithmic phase was 17.2 h and the cells revealed an acrocentric karyotype. Subcutaneous transplantation of cells (1 x 10(7) cells) into a C3H mouse resulted in the production of a tumor with histological features of osteosarcoma. This tumor also retained bone-inducing activity and high alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:Establishment of an osteoinductive murine osteosarcoma clonal cell line showing osteoblastic phenotypic traits. 255 82

Chondroprogenitor cells present in the apical and lateral parts of the mandibular condyle from neonatal mice differentiate towards the osteoblastic lineage and form bone within 7 days in culture. Infection of condylar explants with the FBR osteosarcoma virus (FBR MSV) results in the transformation of cells in the progenitor zone, previously identified as the target for the virus, and the formation of a transplantable osteosarcoma-like lesion. Morphological and biochemical changes in this system were investigated in the course of tumor development. Virus infection was followed by a significant increase in cell density and 3H-thymidine incorporation within the progenitor zone at the early stage of culture. In later stages, cell density and 3H-thymidine incorporation were lower than in control tissue. The 3H-thymidine labeling index gave similar results in infected and control tissues until day 7. Then, a significantly higher labeling index was found in the progenitor zone of infected condyles. At this stage, the proliferative effect of the virus even affected the cartilagenous core of the tissue. Quantitative alkaline phosphatase activity increased between day 3 and day 7 and was particularly high in the zone of infected cells. In addition, infected tissues consistently revealed a higher uptake of 45Ca, and deposition of the radioisotope along irregularly formed bone trabecules in the transformed tissue. The results suggest that there is an enhancement of tissue maturation following infection with the FBR osteosarcoma virus. Although biochemical investigations of whole condyles showed few differences in the total values of alkaline phosphatase activity, 3H-thymidine incorporation, DNA content, and 45Ca uptake, the histochemical assays revealed clear differences in the distributional pattern of these parameters within infected and control condyles.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of a virus-induced osteosarcoma-like osseous lesion in vitro. 255 23

Morphologic and functional characteristics were investigated on in vitro passaged cells (MT-P) derived from a rat transplantable malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH-MT). There were spindle, polygonal, and giant cell types in MT-P. Ultrastructurally, the polygonal and giant cells had the abundant cytoplasm with many lysosomes and processes, whereas the spindle cells possessed smooth cell surface and a small number of lysosomes in their cytoplasm. Immunorosette formation for Fc- and C3-surface receptors and phagocytic activity were demonstrated in 10-20% of MT-P. MT-P were positive for acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and alkaline phosphatase. Chromosomes counted in 100 MT-P ranged from 32 to 100 with two peaks of 64 and 76. Tumors induced in syngeneic rats by inoculating MT-P showed variable histologic patterns. They were composed partly of histiocytic cells arranged in a compact sheet. Fibroblastic cells often arranged in a storiform pattern or were supported by myxoid matrix. Osteosarcoma-like structures were occasionally found in the tumors. These results suggest that MFH-MT is heterogeneous, although some cells constituting the tumors have histiocytic markers.
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PMID:Characteristics of in vitro passaged cells derived from a rat transplantable malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 255 51

Biochemical and molecular biological studies of osteoblastic cell function and hormonal regulation are frequently confounded by the inherent cellular heterogeneity and phenotypic instability of existing in vitro and in vivo model systems. A new technique (derived from Western blotting or antibody-based detection of protein molecules bound to nitrocellulose paper) is described for identification of individual cells which synthesize osteoblast-specific gene products (bone Gla-protein, type I collagen, and alkaline phosphatase) or produce cAMP in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) or isoproterenol. Dispersed primary neonatal rat calvariae or osteogenic sarcoma cells were "plated" on Immobilon-P (a hydrophobic transfer membrane with very high protein-binding capacity) for 30 minutes to several hours, followed by agonist treatment, formalin fixation, hematoxylin staining, and immunostaining with a battery of antibodies specific for osteoblastic products. Individual cells and their secretory zones were visualized by light microscopy and counted. Treatment with PTH with or without isoproterenol resulted in increases in the percentages of osteoblastic cells elaborating cAMP, as well as the intensity of immunostaining, but had no effects on MCF-7 cells, a nonosteoblastic breast carcinoma control line. The percentage of cells within each primary osteoblastic cell population isolated or rat osteogenic sarcoma cell clone (G2 or C12) that elaborated bone-specific proteins or that generated cAMP in response to PTH varied with time and the individual cellular preparation, reconfirming the cellular heterogeneity of these systems. This method, in conjunction with techniques such as in vitro hybridization, should prove useful in characterizing discrete osteoblastic bone cell subpopulations and in clarifying mechanisms of hormonal regulation by local and systemic agents.
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PMID:Rapid, simple identification of individual osteoblastic cells and their specific products by cell blotting assay. 255 3

The effects of interleukin 1, transforming growth factor-beta (coupling factors), prostaglandin E1, and prostaglandin E2 on incorporation of 45Ca2+ and on alkaline phosphatase activity were studied using cultured ROS 17/2.8 cells, one of cell lines derived from rat osteosarcoma. We found that all these factors stimulate both the incorporation of 45Ca2+ and alkaline phosphatase activity of these cells. On the other hand, one of the bone resorption hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH), suppressed the proliferation of cells and decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity at considerably low concentrations (1 X 10(-12)-1 X 10(-11) M). However, the hormone stimulated the incorporation of 45Ca2+ by these cells in a dose-dependent manner; the maximum stimulation on day 3 was observed at 1 X 10(-7) M and it was approximately 3 times the control value. The data suggest therefore, that the osteoblasts incorporated calcium ions and transported them while bone resorption was occurring. Thus the ROS 17/2.8 cell line appears to be an advantageous experimental system for the study of calcium metabolism of osteoblasts in vitro.
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PMID:[Effects of various factors involved in bone metabolism on 45Ca2+ incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity of ROS 17/2.8 cells]. 260 4

Preoperative chemotherapy was conducted in seven cases of osteosarcoma by twice administering intraarterial infusions of cisplatin (100 mg/m2/day) and the effects were studied through evaluations of clinical symptoms, plane radiograms, angiographic findings, serum alkaline phosphatase levels determined prior to and after the intraarterial infusion, and the rate of necrosis of tumor cells in the resected material. Results of treatment were as follows: disappearance of pain in two cases; reduction of pain in five cases; reduction in tumor size in three cases; and an increase in tumor size in one case. Radiograms obtained after treatment showed a reduction of tumor shadow at the extraskeletal site in one case; no change in five cases; an increase in one case, a clearly defined lesion border in one case; and no change in six cases. The radiograms showed no significant change in many cases, but this is perhaps because the radiograms were taken only four weeks after the start of treatment. Angiograms obtained after the preoperative chemotherapy revealed the disappearance of neovascularity in neoplasms in three cases, reduction in two cases, and no change in two cases. Reductions in the rates of serum alkaline phosphatase levels were in the range of 8.3 to 93% (average, 47.8%); the rates of necrosis of the tumor cells in the resected materials were ranged from 53 to 95% (average, 82.1%). The present chemotherapy resulted in formation of a fibrous connective tissue in the reactive zone and in increase in thickness of its pseudo-capsule. From this, it may be said that, if a tumor is to be resected in the area a few of more centimeters distant from the newly formed tissue, the surgery can be conducted within a wide curative margin, or a safer surgical margin. Results obtained from an overall evaluation of the effects showed the chemotherapy to be markedly effective in one case, effective in four cases, slightly effective in one case, and to have no effect in one case. For making life prognostic evaluations, more case data and longer-range follow-up observations will be needed.
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PMID:Effect of preoperative chemotherapy by intraarterial infusion of cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatin) on primary osteosarcomas. 261 94

Postmenopausal women lose bone mineral density and this loss can be prevented by estrogen administration. Although the skeletal effects of estrogens have been regarded previously as indirect, estrogen receptors have been discovered in cultured human osteoblasts and related cell lines. The UMR106 cell line derived from a rat osteogenic osteosarcoma is such an osteoblast model. We have shown direct effects of estradiol (E) on these cells in vitro, inhibiting growth and stimulating alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) corrected for cell number. This response was maximal at E conc. of 10(-10) M in serum and Phenol Red free medium, was metabolite specific and cell cycle-dependent. These cells contain high affinity binding sites with a Kd of 0.5 nM. Estrogen receptors were detected by the monoclonal antibody H-222 on Western blot after initial immunoprecipitation to concentrate the proteins. E treatment increased several enzymes including creatine kinase and LDH isoenzymes along with increments in intracellular transferrin. Transforming growth factor-beta is secreted by these cells. Secretion of this peptide was stimulated by E. TGF-beta mediated the transient growth inhibition associated with E treatment. Insulin like growth factors (IGF) are also secreted by these cells with IGF-II concentrations in the culture medium being eight times higher than IGF-I levels. E treatment increased the concentrations of both IGFs in the culture medium after a 3 day incubation. Exposure of E treated cells manifested a mitogenic response and reduced AP, indicating that E induced receptors for IGFs. These findings establish direct effects of E on osteoblastic cells in vitro and demonstrate responses to E at many levels. These osteoblast responses in vitro suggest an important role for sex steroids in the development and function of the osteoblast lineage.
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PMID:Estrogens and the skeleton: cellular and molecular mechanisms. 262 18

Seventy one cases of pathologically proven osteosarcoma treated in our hospital from 1961 to 1986 are reported. There were 53 men and 18 women with a ratio of 2.9:1. Peak ages ranged from 11 to 25 in 52 (73.2%) cases. The mean age was 23 years. The most frequent site was the lower end of femur and upper end of tibia (48/70, 68.6%). Local pain and tenderness, which occurred in the early stage and aggravated at night in moderate and advanced stages. Codman's triangle and bone spicule formation in the roentgenograph, increased alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were the most common findings. Under optical microscope reliable diagnosis could only depend upon tumor cells forming osteoid substances, especially, tumorous bone-formation. Under electron microscope, the important findings were the dilated rough surface endoplastic reticulum and large amount of glycogen storage in the cytoplasm. The increased AKP and mildly or moderately positive acid phosphatase might be valuable. The prognosis was favorable in the younger than the older patients over 55 years, on the right than left in tumor site, smaller than larger in tumor size, osteoblast type than the others. Grading showed no significant relation to prognosis. It is emphasized to obtain multiple samples from various sites of the same tumor for precise diagnosis and classification.
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PMID:[71 cases of osteosarcoma]. 263 50


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