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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hormone-induced alkaline phosphatases in human osteosarcoma cells (LM) were extracted and purified. Characterization of the purified enzyme showed two distinct isoenzymes. One isoenzyme was heat labile, was homoarginine inhibited, and had the electrophoretic migration of alkaline phosphatase of human osseous origin. Immunodiffusion showed that this isoenzyme reacted positively only against anti-bone alkaline phosphatase antibodies. The second isoenzyme was heat stable, was inhibited by phenylalanie, and had the same electrophoretic migration as did alkaline phosphatase extracted from mature normal human placenta. This second isoenzyme had the same antigenicity as did the normal placental enzyme. Like the D-variant placental phenotype, this second isoenzyme was inhibited by L-leucine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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PMID:Placenta-like alkaline phosphatases from human osteosarcoma cells. 2 98

A case of osteogenic sarcoma of the maxilla is described. The tumor was excised by a hemimaxillectomy but recurred in 3 months. The patient died 8 months after the initial onset of symptoms. Chemotherapy and radiation were ineffective with the exception of bleomycin, which caused necrosis of the tumour, with no apparent increase in growth, and a decrease of the serum alkaline phosphatase level to less than half of the maximum value. There was a close correlation between the fluctuating pattern of the serum alkaline phosphatase level and the growth and remission of the tumour during the entire course of treatment.
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PMID:Chemotherapy in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of the maxilla (case report). 8 44

FBJ virus was injected i.p. into 145 neonatal NIH Swiss [N:NIH(s)] mice. Eighty mice developed a total of 110 neoplasms by 5 months of age. The mean latent period of the tumors was 71 days (26 to 145) postinjection. The frequency of occurrence of neoplasms at different sites was: diaphragm, 45%; ribs, 14%; vertebrae, 14%; femora, 9%; pelvic bones, 5%; tibiae, 4%; sternebrae, 3%; and inguinal area, 7%. The neoplasms were characterized histologically by elongated or rounded cells associated with an abundant connective tissue stroma. Occasional areas of bone formation and apparent osteoid metaplasia were seen. Bone tumors appeared to arise from periosteal cells, to grow by expansion, and to invade locally, but they failed to metastasize. Neoplasms of the diaphragm originated in the central aponeurosis and appeared histologically similar to bone neoplasms. Histochemical studies demonstrated abundant alkaline phosphatase in tumor cells, and ultrastructural observations revealed subcellular characteristics of osteoblasts and chondroblasts. Tumors were readily transplantable and had histopathological characteristics similar to those of the primary viral-induced tumors. The results of this study indicate that the FBJ virus induces in NIH Swiss mice a unique type of chondroosseous neoplasm derived from periosteal cells which has a resemblance to human juxtacortical (parosteal) osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Histogenesis and Morphology of periosteal sarcomas induced by FBJ virus in NIH Swiss mice. 18 21

Osteosarcomas were produced by the intratibial inoculation of New Zealand black rats with Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) at 1 day and 4 days of age. Radiographic evidence of osteosarcoma development was first demonstrated at 10 to 15 days postinoculation in both groups. Subsequent radiographic and light and electron microscopic evaluation of tumor-bearing rats demonstrated that osteosarcomas in rats inoculated at Day 4 of age were more osteoproliferative osteosarcomas than those in rats inoculated on Day 1. Rats inoculated at 4 days of age lived longer, had more slowly growing osteosarcomas, and developed a consistent tumor-associated cachexia compared to tumor-bearing rats inoculated at Day 1. Both groups of rats had a 93% metastasis rate involving either sublumbar lymph nodes, lungs, or both. Tumor-bearing rats inoculated at 4 days of age had consistent elevations in both urinary hydroxyproline excretion (HOP/CR) and serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and in serum calcium levels at some time points. The high tumor incidence after a short latent period and the morphologic and biochemical similarities between the MSV-induced murine osteosarcoma and the osteosarcoma in human beings makes this discrete tumor and a valuable animal model for the evaluation of new therapeutic regimens.
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PMID:Virus-induced animal model of osteosarcoma in the rat: Morphologic and biochemical studies. 18 16

A female pet wooly monkey with metabolic bone disease initially presented with a proliferating bony mass in the left humerus which had many features of osteosarcoma. At necropsy, parathyroid hyperplasia, osteoclastic resorption, proliferative osteoid deposition in the calvarium and cortex of long bones, and fibrous proliferation of the marrow indicated the presence of generalized osteodystrophia fibrosa. The dietary history of deficient vitamin D3 and protein and minimal exposure to sunlight supported this diagnosis, as did depressed levels of serum calcium and elevated levels of serum parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase.
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PMID:Metabolic bone disease resembling osteosarcoma in a wooly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha). 21 39

Osteosarcomas were induced in approximately 80% of young New Zealand Black rats by the intratibial inoculation of Moloney murine sarcoma virus from day 1 to day 5 after birth. The neoplasms were composed of a spectrum of well-differentiated to poorly differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Budding of C-type viral particles was associated with tumor induction. Compared to rats inoculated on day 1 after birth, rats inoculated at 4 days of age developed consistently more osteoproliferative bone tumors that often were associated with hypercalcemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, and elevated urinary hydroxyproline.
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PMID:Intratibial Moloney sarcoma virus-induced osteosarcoma in the rat: tumor incidence and pathologic evaluation. 26 94

Osteosarcoma cells (BFO cell line) were successfully maintained in tissue culture for 3 years. BFO cells showed 100 per cent tumorigenicity by the isologous implantation, and almost the same histological features as the original BF osteosarcoma. BFO cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of alkaline phosphatase both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (tumor bearing mice). BFO cells showed a suppression in synthesizing the osteoinductive factor in vitro, but regained the capacity to synthesize it when implanted back into an isologous host. The cells showed rapid growth, a serum requirement, and no contact inhibition. Doubling time was 8.6 hours in a logarithmic growth phase. Cell cycle analyses by pulse labeling of 3H-thymidine was performed after synchronization of the cells by double treatment with an excess thymidine.
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PMID:Characteristics of osteosarcoma cells in culture. 26 6

Dunn osteosarcomas synthesize 2 times more alkaline phosphatase than do Ridgeway osteosarcomas, 3 times more than do HeLa cells, and 4 to 5 times more than do rat or mouse fibroblast cell cultures. Implants of killed freeze-dried Dunn cell cultures into the thigh muscles are resorbed and replaced by normal cartilage, bone, and bone marrow tissue, while implants of freeze-dried Ridgeway cells are resorbed and replaced by fibrous tissue only. Outgrowths of normal muscle septum connective tissue cells onto the stroma of Ridgeway tumors differentiate into fibrous tissue. Cultures of either tumor on a substratum of bone matrix stroma prepared from normal bone proliferate, assume a spherical shape, and perpetuate the transformed osteoblast-like cell without forming attachments or adapting to the contour of the substratum. Outgrwoths of muscle mesenchymal cells on the Dunn tumor stroma differentiate into cartilage. Dunn osteosarcoma cell cultures proliferate on the inside and produce deposits of normal bone (not tumorous bone) on the outside of diffusion chambers. Killed freeze-dried cell cultures produce transfilter deposits of normal bone and bone marrow, but the quantity is significantly lower. On a substratum of cellulose acetate, outgrowths of muscle connective tissue will differentiate into cartilage when cell-free Dunn stroma is present under the organ culture grid. Tumorigenesis and normal cartilage and bone morphodifferentiation are antithetic, but tumor cells transfer a bone morphogen similar to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) of normal bone matrix. BMP recruits mesenchymal cells to proliferate and differentiate into cartilage and bone.
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PMID:Osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in transplants of Dunn and Ridgway osteosarcoma cell cultures. 27 82

Of the 242 cases of osteosarcoma recorded in the Swedish Cancer Registry for the years 1958 through 1968 only one was found to represent telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Another case was recently diagnosed in our department. The characteristic morphologic features of these neoplasms were anaplastic stroma, high mitotic activity, osteoid-formation, widely anastomosing blood spaces, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The experience gathered indicates that telangiectatic osteosarcoma constitutes a histopathologic variant of genuine osteosarcoma with a serious prognosis, necessitating the same kind of treatment as for the genuine tumour.
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PMID:Telangiectatic osteosarcoma. 28 72

Markedly different levels of alkaline phosphatase production have been found in paired osteosarcoma cells and normal skin fibroblasts grown in tissue culture from 12 patients with osteosarcoma. In all cases, the osteosarcoma line contains significantly more alkaline phosphatase than does the paired normal line from that same patient. These criteria may be useful in distinguishing osteosarcoma from normal fibroblast overgrowth in tissue culture.
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PMID:Alkaline phosphatase measurements of paired normal and osteosarcoma tissue culture lines obtained from the same patient. 28 39


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